户用型上吸式生物质气化炉的结构设计与试验研究
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摘要
新疆生物质资源特别是棉秆资源丰富,但至今还没有找到充分利用其潜能的合理有效方式,生物质气化是生物质能源化利用的主要方式,生物质气化的研究是一个复杂的系统工程,气化性能受诸多因素的影响,因此,设计生物质气化炉并对其进行深入的试验研究,为优化气化炉内部结构和气化工艺条件提供指导性建议,具有重要意义。
本文以棉秆为研究对象,设计一套户用型生物质气化系统,在此基础上开展试验,通过112SERIES型元素分析仪测得切碎棉秆的元素成分,并分析其工业成分,利用物料颜色反推法布置气化炉测温点,通过风机调速控制气化剂流量,水蒸汽循环反应装置上的蒸汽阀门控制水蒸汽供给区域,从而研究气化剂流量、气化剂种类对气化反应温度及气化气品质的影响规律。
本次气化研究中,主要研究结果为:
1.设计一套户用型上吸式生物质气化系统,气化反应器内部设计有多道供风装置、水蒸汽循环反应装置等关键部件,并且设计了两级净化装置。通过试验及计算结果表明,本次研究设计的气化炉,一定程度上达到了生物质气化的基本性能及气化气的净化效果,并提高了气化炉的封火时间。
2.对气化炉内反应温度、气化气品质和气化剂流量之间的关系进行了试验研究,试验结果表明:①使用空气作为气化剂时,空气流量对反应程度和各床层状态影响极为显著。干燥层温度受空气流量影响不明显,裂解层基本上保持平稳的变化,而氧化层和还原层受空气流量变化最为敏感,随着空气流量变大,两个反应层的温度波动加剧。②使用空气作为气化剂时,空气流量变化对气化气中CH4影响不显著,但对H2和CO的影响较明显,尤其对CO含量影响显著。气化剂流量太高或太低都会使CO含量降低,本文试验研究表明,当空气流量为0.55m3·min-1时,CO含量最高。而H2、CH4的变化趋势则与之相反。
3.利用水蒸汽循环反应装置实现空气-水蒸汽气化,与空气气化进行了对比试验,对气化炉内反应区的温度变化情况进行了研究。试验结果表明:水蒸汽参与空气气化,氧化层温度会出现小幅度提高,还原层温度稍微降低,减缓了氧化层的增厚速度,将有利于减少气化气中的焦油含量。气化炉性能试验说明,使用水蒸汽循环装置,还可以提高气化气中可燃成分含量,改善气化气品质。
It is abundant in biomass resource, especially cotton-stalk in Xinjiang, China. However, no reasonable and effective ways to make the best of it’s potential so far. Biomass gasification is main mode of utilizing biomass energy, the study on biomass gasification is a complicated systems engineering, gasification performance was affected by many factors. So, to design biomass gasifiers and to do deeper experimental study on them has important meaning, it can provide guiding suggestions for optimizing interior structure of gasifier and techniques for gasification.
Based on cotton-stalks, the author design a suit of domestic biomass gasification system, and do some experimental study on it. The main elements and industry components of cotton-stalk were analyzed by 112SERIES mode element analysis apparatus, points of measuring temperature were placed by the method of biomass color illation, air discharge were controlled by rotate speed of fan, the areas where steam supply were controlled by steam valve on steam supply unit, this paper discussed influence rules between air discharge, gasification agent species and reaction temperature, gas quality.
The main results of this gasification study are as follows:
1. A suit of domestic updraft biomass gasification system was designed, the gasifier includes several-path wind feed device and steam supply unit, two-step purifying device were installed on the system additionally. Tested and calculation results showed that the gasifier have better basal performance and purifying effect than others.
2. This paper studies the relationship between reaction temperature, gas quality and air discharge for domestic updraft biomass gasifier. The results of the experiment indicate that,①The effects of air discharge on reaction degree and section state in the gasifier were not salient. Temperature of drying and pyrolysis section had inconspicuous change under different air discharge, combustion and reduction section were sensitive to air discharge contrarily, more air discharge, more temperature fluctuation.②The effects of air discharge on methane(CH4) content were not salient, but the effects of air discharge on hydrogen(H2) and carbon monoxide(CO), especially on carbon monoxide were salient. The carbon monoxide content of gas would reduce if air discharge was high or low extremely. Experimental study showed that the carbon monoxide content was highest as air discharge was 0.55m3·min-1, however, the reverse is change trend of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
3. This paper studies the reaction temperature on domestic updraft biomass gasifier with and without steam supply unit separately. The results of the experiment indicate that, gasification with steam can hoist combustion section temperature ratherish, and also make reduction section temperature reduce, it will be of great benefit to reduction tar content in biomass gas. The test of gasifier performance experiment indicate that it can increase combustible component and improve gas quality when gasifier runs with steam supply unit.
本文以棉秆为研究对象,设计一套户用型生物质气化系统,在此基础上开展试验,通过112SERIES型元素分析仪测得切碎棉秆的元素成分,并分析其工业成分,利用物料颜色反推法布置气化炉测温点,通过风机调速控制气化剂流量,水蒸汽循环反应装置上的蒸汽阀门控制水蒸汽供给区域,从而研究气化剂流量、气化剂种类对气化反应温度及气化气品质的影响规律。
本次气化研究中,主要研究结果为:
1.设计一套户用型上吸式生物质气化系统,气化反应器内部设计有多道供风装置、水蒸汽循环反应装置等关键部件,并且设计了两级净化装置。通过试验及计算结果表明,本次研究设计的气化炉,一定程度上达到了生物质气化的基本性能及气化气的净化效果,并提高了气化炉的封火时间。
2.对气化炉内反应温度、气化气品质和气化剂流量之间的关系进行了试验研究,试验结果表明:①使用空气作为气化剂时,空气流量对反应程度和各床层状态影响极为显著。干燥层温度受空气流量影响不明显,裂解层基本上保持平稳的变化,而氧化层和还原层受空气流量变化最为敏感,随着空气流量变大,两个反应层的温度波动加剧。②使用空气作为气化剂时,空气流量变化对气化气中CH4影响不显著,但对H2和CO的影响较明显,尤其对CO含量影响显著。气化剂流量太高或太低都会使CO含量降低,本文试验研究表明,当空气流量为0.55m3·min-1时,CO含量最高。而H2、CH4的变化趋势则与之相反。
3.利用水蒸汽循环反应装置实现空气-水蒸汽气化,与空气气化进行了对比试验,对气化炉内反应区的温度变化情况进行了研究。试验结果表明:水蒸汽参与空气气化,氧化层温度会出现小幅度提高,还原层温度稍微降低,减缓了氧化层的增厚速度,将有利于减少气化气中的焦油含量。气化炉性能试验说明,使用水蒸汽循环装置,还可以提高气化气中可燃成分含量,改善气化气品质。
It is abundant in biomass resource, especially cotton-stalk in Xinjiang, China. However, no reasonable and effective ways to make the best of it’s potential so far. Biomass gasification is main mode of utilizing biomass energy, the study on biomass gasification is a complicated systems engineering, gasification performance was affected by many factors. So, to design biomass gasifiers and to do deeper experimental study on them has important meaning, it can provide guiding suggestions for optimizing interior structure of gasifier and techniques for gasification.
Based on cotton-stalks, the author design a suit of domestic biomass gasification system, and do some experimental study on it. The main elements and industry components of cotton-stalk were analyzed by 112SERIES mode element analysis apparatus, points of measuring temperature were placed by the method of biomass color illation, air discharge were controlled by rotate speed of fan, the areas where steam supply were controlled by steam valve on steam supply unit, this paper discussed influence rules between air discharge, gasification agent species and reaction temperature, gas quality.
The main results of this gasification study are as follows:
1. A suit of domestic updraft biomass gasification system was designed, the gasifier includes several-path wind feed device and steam supply unit, two-step purifying device were installed on the system additionally. Tested and calculation results showed that the gasifier have better basal performance and purifying effect than others.
2. This paper studies the relationship between reaction temperature, gas quality and air discharge for domestic updraft biomass gasifier. The results of the experiment indicate that,①The effects of air discharge on reaction degree and section state in the gasifier were not salient. Temperature of drying and pyrolysis section had inconspicuous change under different air discharge, combustion and reduction section were sensitive to air discharge contrarily, more air discharge, more temperature fluctuation.②The effects of air discharge on methane(CH4) content were not salient, but the effects of air discharge on hydrogen(H2) and carbon monoxide(CO), especially on carbon monoxide were salient. The carbon monoxide content of gas would reduce if air discharge was high or low extremely. Experimental study showed that the carbon monoxide content was highest as air discharge was 0.55m3·min-1, however, the reverse is change trend of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
3. This paper studies the reaction temperature on domestic updraft biomass gasifier with and without steam supply unit separately. The results of the experiment indicate that, gasification with steam can hoist combustion section temperature ratherish, and also make reduction section temperature reduce, it will be of great benefit to reduction tar content in biomass gas. The test of gasifier performance experiment indicate that it can increase combustible component and improve gas quality when gasifier runs with steam supply unit.
引文
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