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嵌入式电网参数监测系统的研制
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摘要
随着国民经济的发展,电力设备广泛应用于各个领域,它们给社会生产和人民生活极大的方便。近年来,采用节能装置例如变频装置、变流装置的设备越来越多,使得电网中的谐波污染日益严重,极大地危害了其他用电设备的安全运行。因此,对电网谐波含量进行监测,并把它控制在允许范围内,成为供电部门和用户的共同目标。电网中的谐波成分复杂,造成谐波的原因也很多,因此在治理谐波污染之前,应该对谐波进行测量分析,找出产生这些谐波的根源。
     目前市场主流的谐波测量仪器大都采用工业PC机或者DSP系统。这两种实现方式性能可靠、运算快速、技术成熟,是目前市场的主流产品。其缺点在于成本过高、难以扩展输入通道数。因此,成本低廉、运算快速、易于进行通道扩展的谐波分析仪有强烈的市场需求。现代可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)的发展,为谐波测量仪器提供了一种全新的实现方式—SOPC(片上可编程系统),它可以将CPU、FFT和其他功能模块集成到一块芯片上,不但减小了系统体积,而且提高了系统可靠性。同时还可以利用FPGA可编程的特点,根据用户需求扩展功能和对系统软硬件进行升级。
     快速傅立叶变换(FFT)理论广泛应用于谐波测量领域。本课题采用基4 FFT算法,充分利用FPGA内部资源,大大提高了FFT算法的速度。同时移植嵌入式操作系统uclinux,构成了嵌入式电网监测系统。系统可以测量频率、三相电压、电流有效值和各次谐波分量。同时还可以计算设备的有功功率、无功功率、功率因数等等。系统可以通过USB接口,实现U盘记录数据功能,也可以通过RS232接口同上位机进行通讯,实现电网的集中管理。
     论文主要包括几个部分:电网参数测量原理和方法介绍;系统的硬件电路设计,包括信号调理电路、A/D转换电路、通讯接口电路、数据存储电路;FPGA功能模块(CPU、FFT等)设计;操作系统uclinux移植配置;系统应用程序设计,包括数据采集处理程序、串口通讯程序、按键处理与LCD显示程序等。
With the development of national economy, electric equipment is used in all kinds of field.they make our life and manufacture. Recently,more and more equipment has economizer,such as transducer and convertor. It makes more and more harmonic pollution. So it become the target of power supply department and user to monitor the harmonic of the power net .Because the component of harmonic is complex and the caustion is too much,we must analys the harmonic esysrequirements and find the root of the harmonic before dealing with it.
    In the market,most of harmonic measure instrument is made of industry PC or DSP system. Both of them are mainstream production because of their reliability and speed.and their disadvantage is too expensive and diffcult to expand channels.So we should design an inexpensive and speediness instrument. With the development of FPGA,There is an all new way-SOPC to implement it. We can integrate CPU,FFT and other modules into one chip,it not only minish the area but also improve the reliability of the system.and we can make use of the programmable characteristic of FPGA to expand the function of the system and upgrade the software and firmware base on the need of the client.
    FFT theory is used widely in the field of harmonic measure.We use radix 4 FFT,and sufficient using the source of FPGA. So we can improve the speed of FFT. We modified embedded system- uclinux,and generated Embeded Power Parameter Monitor system.This instrument can measure the 3 phase frequence,voltage,current and harmonic.then we can calculate active power, reactive power, power factor, frequency etc. In order to realize centralized-control ,We can use usb stick to record the data, and communicate with PC through RS232.
    This paper has several part: the principle and methods of power parameter measurement; Design of hardware, including signal conditioning circuit, A/D transfer circuit, communication interface, data saving circuit; the function module in FPGA,application program, include data process program,RS232 communication program,button program and LCD display program.
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