抽油机智能间抽设备的研制
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摘要
目前，进入开采中后期的油井普遍采用控制抽油机间歇式启停的方式来抽汲原油，通常是由人工制定间抽启停时间并定时启停抽油机采油。针对油田间抽现状，本文设计了一种抽油机智能间抽设备，以控制抽油机合理间抽为主要任务，从而实现减轻采油人员的工作量，减少油井事故，并达到节能不减产的目的。
该智能间抽设备采集示功图数据并以分析其面积为间抽控制依据，动态地选取抽油机间抽标准和停机时间，运用对比优化的方法，合理地控制抽油机启停，使其工作效率尽可能最大化。
本文设计了智能间抽设备的软硬件。硬件系统的设计以符合现场的功能和性能要求为原则，采用模块化设计，并为将来硬件的扩展留有余地。软件设计尽可能地做到间抽时间的合理制定及设备的智能化。该设备可以做到检测示功图数据并计算分析其面积，按照优化分析的时间来控制抽油电机启停，同时能够与PC机进行通信，传递所需数据和参数。另外，辅助功能还有开机前报警及对人工控制的检测。
基于现阶段现场测试调查之后而设想的环境，完成了当前设备设计和制作。现阶段的工作是为油井智能间抽而做的基础性技术工作，智能间抽设备需要在今后的现场运行中不断的改进和完善。
At present, beam wells in the interim or later oil production period are generally controlled to start up and stop intermittently for oil extraction, and usually, time of pumping unit's intermissive working is constituted manually and the pumping unit may be started and stopped by workers. Directing towards the situation of intermissive pumping, this dissertation has designed an intelligent facility for intermissive pumping, which aimed to control the pumping unit working reasonably so as to alleviate workers' workload, reduce accident of wells and attain the effect of energy-saving and stable output.
According to the analysis of the area of the indicator diagram collected, the facility can select the yardstick of stopping dynamically, and then control the pumping unit to work reasonably to achieve the working efficiency as great as possible.
The dissertation has designed the soft hardware of the facility. According to the requirement of capability and function in the job site, hardware was designed in blocking and also has space for its expansion. The software was designed to make the time setting as reasonable as possible and to intelligentize the facility. The system could complete the data collection of the indicator diagram and analyzing its area, then set time of motor starting and stopping and control the pumping unit working intermittently. Simultaneously, the facility can transfer data and parameters by communicating with PC. Also it has other assistant functions, such as alarming before start-up, detecting whether the pumping unit is controlled by worker or the facility, etc.
Based on the assumption after testing in the job site, the facility has been designed and developed. The dissertation completed at present was just basic and technical work, so there will be a lot of work to do ameliorate the facility.
该智能间抽设备采集示功图数据并以分析其面积为间抽控制依据，动态地选取抽油机间抽标准和停机时间，运用对比优化的方法，合理地控制抽油机启停，使其工作效率尽可能最大化。
本文设计了智能间抽设备的软硬件。硬件系统的设计以符合现场的功能和性能要求为原则，采用模块化设计，并为将来硬件的扩展留有余地。软件设计尽可能地做到间抽时间的合理制定及设备的智能化。该设备可以做到检测示功图数据并计算分析其面积，按照优化分析的时间来控制抽油电机启停，同时能够与PC机进行通信，传递所需数据和参数。另外，辅助功能还有开机前报警及对人工控制的检测。
基于现阶段现场测试调查之后而设想的环境，完成了当前设备设计和制作。现阶段的工作是为油井智能间抽而做的基础性技术工作，智能间抽设备需要在今后的现场运行中不断的改进和完善。
At present, beam wells in the interim or later oil production period are generally controlled to start up and stop intermittently for oil extraction, and usually, time of pumping unit's intermissive working is constituted manually and the pumping unit may be started and stopped by workers. Directing towards the situation of intermissive pumping, this dissertation has designed an intelligent facility for intermissive pumping, which aimed to control the pumping unit working reasonably so as to alleviate workers' workload, reduce accident of wells and attain the effect of energy-saving and stable output.
According to the analysis of the area of the indicator diagram collected, the facility can select the yardstick of stopping dynamically, and then control the pumping unit to work reasonably to achieve the working efficiency as great as possible.
The dissertation has designed the soft hardware of the facility. According to the requirement of capability and function in the job site, hardware was designed in blocking and also has space for its expansion. The software was designed to make the time setting as reasonable as possible and to intelligentize the facility. The system could complete the data collection of the indicator diagram and analyzing its area, then set time of motor starting and stopping and control the pumping unit working intermittently. Simultaneously, the facility can transfer data and parameters by communicating with PC. Also it has other assistant functions, such as alarming before start-up, detecting whether the pumping unit is controlled by worker or the facility, etc.
Based on the assumption after testing in the job site, the facility has been designed and developed. The dissertation completed at present was just basic and technical work, so there will be a lot of work to do ameliorate the facility.
引文
[1] 万仁溥，罗英俊．采油技术手册(修订本)第四分册，机械采油技术．石油工业出版社．1993，第一版．91～92，275．
[2] 张学鲁，季云祥，罗仁全．游梁式抽油机技术与应用．石油工业出版社．2001，第一版：133～142．
[3] 刘合，高甲善，王雪艳．关于抽油机井合理间抽制度的研究．石油钻采工艺．2000，22(1)：69～72．
[4] 徐甫荣，赵锡生．抽油机电控装置节能综述．电气传动自动化．2004，26(5)：1～8．
[5] 方旭伟，姜娥锋，熊跃武，张浩明．油井间抽合理匹配提高抽油机井运行效益．油田节能，2005．3，16(1)：30～31．
[6] 张建国．油气层渗流力学．石油大学出版社．2000．77～89．
[7] 马华丽，王平．间歇试采井资料解释方法．大庆石油地质与开发．2004．8，23(4)：44～46．
[8] Westerman G W. Successful Application of Pump—off Controllers, paper SPE6853 presented at the 1997 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Denver 1997,(10): 9～12.
[9] Gibbs S G. Pump—off controllers detect malfunctions Amer. Oil Gas. Rep. 1994, 37(6): 34～36.
[10] 上海丰越实业发展有限公司．丰越-ZNCY油田抽油机智能节电控制器．2005．5．
[11] 林立，邢兆栋．抽油机单参量功率监测及BSP-1型间抽控制仪．石油机械．2001，29(12)：48～50
[12] 严庆雨，缪建成．间抽井间抽周期制定方法研究．小型油气藏．2004．6，9(2)：45～46．
[13] 唐鑫，杨兆中，李秀锦，杨逸，杨维宗．低渗透油藏油井间开生产技术研究与应用．西南石油学院学报．2005．6，27(3)：44～48．
[14] 雷群，赵卫国．低产井间歇抽油技术研究．钻采工艺．2001，24(2)：20～21．
[15] 苏德胜，刘先刚．石油机械．游梁式抽油机节能机理综述．2001，29(5)：49～53．
[16] 兆文清．抽油机及其节能技术．科学出版社，1990．30．70～79。
[17] 韩国庆，吴晓东．示功图识别技术在有杆泵工况诊断中的应用．石油钻采工艺．2003．10，25(5)：70～73．
[18] 周明德编著．微型计算机系统原理及应用．北京：清华大学出版社．1990，8．
[19] 马忠梅，马岩，张凯，籍顺心编著．单片机的C语言应用程序设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1997，3．
[20] 胡伟，季晓衡编著．单片机C程序设计及应用实例．北京：人民邮电出版社，2004．
[21] 甘登岱主编．Protel DXP电路设计与制版实用教程．北京：人民邮电出版 社，2004，7．
[22] 中国机械工业教育协会主编．单片机原理与应用．机械工业出版社，2001，8第一版．
[23] 李学海．PIC单片机使用教程—基础篇．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002．2，116～130．
[24] 12-Bit A/D Converters with SPI Serial Interface MCP3204 datasheet. http://www.ic-on-line.cn, 2005.
[25] DUAL EIA-232 DRIVERS/RECEIVERS MAX232 datasheet. http://www.ic-on-line.cn, 2005
[26] Trickle Charge Timekeeping Chip DS1302 datasheet, http://www.dalsemi.com. 2005.
[27] 32. 768kHz Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator DS32KHZ datasheet. http://www.maxim-ic.com. 2003. 4.
[28] 刘和平，刘林，余红欣，郑群英．PIC@18Fxxx单片机原理及接口应用．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004．8(第一版)．
[13] 谭浩强．C程序设计(第二版)．清华大学出版社，1999．12．
[29] PICC ANSI C COAPlLE USER GUIDE. http://www.htsoft.com/. 2003. 6.
[30] 赵才荣，刘金娥．AM29F016D在LED显示控制系统中应用．微计算机信息．2005．6，21(10-2)：114～117．
[31] (美)Mark Nelson著．潇湘工作室译．串行通信开发指南．中国水利水电出版社．2000．9．4～15．
[33] Am29F016D Known Good Die Data Sheet. http://www.ic-on-line.cn. 2002. 11.
[34] 李朝青主编．PC机及单片机数据通信技术．北京航空航天出版社．2000，第二版．70～123．
[35] 李金华，宋德福．游梁式抽油机节能探讨．油气田地面工程．1999．9，18(5)：5～7．
[36] 金峰．抽油机节能研究油气田地面工程．1998．9，17(5)：1～3．
[37] Richard C. Leinecker&Tom Archer, Visual C++ 6 Bible, IDG Books WorldWide, Inc, 1998.
[38] 王明顺．基于LM2576的高可靠MCU电源设计．国外电子元器件．2004．11，11：12～14．
[39] 杨智敏，侯传教，刘霞．单片式开关稳压器LM25762ADJ及其应用．移动电源与车辆．2004，1：33～34．
[40] 林雪峰．一种高性价比A／D转换器—MCP3204的原理及应用．自动化与仪器仪表．2002，1(1)：22～25．
[41] 唐光荣，李九龄，邓丽曼．微型计算机应用技术上数据采集与控制技术[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2000．232～240．
[42] Microchip Technology Inc. Microchip Stand-Alone CAN Controller with SPI Interface. 12～15.
[43] 洪志全，洪学海．现代计算机接口技术 电子工业出版社 2000．
[44] Visual C++开发使用手册．机械工业出版社．1997．
[45] Microchip Technology Inc．MPLAB IDE v6．xx快速入门指南．2003．6～24．
[2] 张学鲁，季云祥，罗仁全．游梁式抽油机技术与应用．石油工业出版社．2001，第一版：133～142．
[3] 刘合，高甲善，王雪艳．关于抽油机井合理间抽制度的研究．石油钻采工艺．2000，22(1)：69～72．
[4] 徐甫荣，赵锡生．抽油机电控装置节能综述．电气传动自动化．2004，26(5)：1～8．
[5] 方旭伟，姜娥锋，熊跃武，张浩明．油井间抽合理匹配提高抽油机井运行效益．油田节能，2005．3，16(1)：30～31．
[6] 张建国．油气层渗流力学．石油大学出版社．2000．77～89．
[7] 马华丽，王平．间歇试采井资料解释方法．大庆石油地质与开发．2004．8，23(4)：44～46．
[8] Westerman G W. Successful Application of Pump—off Controllers, paper SPE6853 presented at the 1997 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Denver 1997,(10): 9～12.
[9] Gibbs S G. Pump—off controllers detect malfunctions Amer. Oil Gas. Rep. 1994, 37(6): 34～36.
[10] 上海丰越实业发展有限公司．丰越-ZNCY油田抽油机智能节电控制器．2005．5．
[11] 林立，邢兆栋．抽油机单参量功率监测及BSP-1型间抽控制仪．石油机械．2001，29(12)：48～50
[12] 严庆雨，缪建成．间抽井间抽周期制定方法研究．小型油气藏．2004．6，9(2)：45～46．
[13] 唐鑫，杨兆中，李秀锦，杨逸，杨维宗．低渗透油藏油井间开生产技术研究与应用．西南石油学院学报．2005．6，27(3)：44～48．
[14] 雷群，赵卫国．低产井间歇抽油技术研究．钻采工艺．2001，24(2)：20～21．
[15] 苏德胜，刘先刚．石油机械．游梁式抽油机节能机理综述．2001，29(5)：49～53．
[16] 兆文清．抽油机及其节能技术．科学出版社，1990．30．70～79。
[17] 韩国庆，吴晓东．示功图识别技术在有杆泵工况诊断中的应用．石油钻采工艺．2003．10，25(5)：70～73．
[18] 周明德编著．微型计算机系统原理及应用．北京：清华大学出版社．1990，8．
[19] 马忠梅，马岩，张凯，籍顺心编著．单片机的C语言应用程序设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1997，3．
[20] 胡伟，季晓衡编著．单片机C程序设计及应用实例．北京：人民邮电出版社，2004．
[21] 甘登岱主编．Protel DXP电路设计与制版实用教程．北京：人民邮电出版 社，2004，7．
[22] 中国机械工业教育协会主编．单片机原理与应用．机械工业出版社，2001，8第一版．
[23] 李学海．PIC单片机使用教程—基础篇．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002．2，116～130．
[24] 12-Bit A/D Converters with SPI Serial Interface MCP3204 datasheet. http://www.ic-on-line.cn, 2005.
[25] DUAL EIA-232 DRIVERS/RECEIVERS MAX232 datasheet. http://www.ic-on-line.cn, 2005
[26] Trickle Charge Timekeeping Chip DS1302 datasheet, http://www.dalsemi.com. 2005.
[27] 32. 768kHz Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator DS32KHZ datasheet. http://www.maxim-ic.com. 2003. 4.
[28] 刘和平，刘林，余红欣，郑群英．PIC@18Fxxx单片机原理及接口应用．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004．8(第一版)．
[13] 谭浩强．C程序设计(第二版)．清华大学出版社，1999．12．
[29] PICC ANSI C COAPlLE USER GUIDE. http://www.htsoft.com/. 2003. 6.
[30] 赵才荣，刘金娥．AM29F016D在LED显示控制系统中应用．微计算机信息．2005．6，21(10-2)：114～117．
[31] (美)Mark Nelson著．潇湘工作室译．串行通信开发指南．中国水利水电出版社．2000．9．4～15．
[33] Am29F016D Known Good Die Data Sheet. http://www.ic-on-line.cn. 2002. 11.
[34] 李朝青主编．PC机及单片机数据通信技术．北京航空航天出版社．2000，第二版．70～123．
[35] 李金华，宋德福．游梁式抽油机节能探讨．油气田地面工程．1999．9，18(5)：5～7．
[36] 金峰．抽油机节能研究油气田地面工程．1998．9，17(5)：1～3．
[37] Richard C. Leinecker&Tom Archer, Visual C++ 6 Bible, IDG Books WorldWide, Inc, 1998.
[38] 王明顺．基于LM2576的高可靠MCU电源设计．国外电子元器件．2004．11，11：12～14．
[39] 杨智敏，侯传教，刘霞．单片式开关稳压器LM25762ADJ及其应用．移动电源与车辆．2004，1：33～34．
[40] 林雪峰．一种高性价比A／D转换器—MCP3204的原理及应用．自动化与仪器仪表．2002，1(1)：22～25．
[41] 唐光荣，李九龄，邓丽曼．微型计算机应用技术上数据采集与控制技术[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2000．232～240．
[42] Microchip Technology Inc. Microchip Stand-Alone CAN Controller with SPI Interface. 12～15.
[43] 洪志全，洪学海．现代计算机接口技术 电子工业出版社 2000．
[44] Visual C++开发使用手册．机械工业出版社．1997．
[45] Microchip Technology Inc．MPLAB IDE v6．xx快速入门指南．2003．6～24．