社交网站使用对线上社会资本的影响研究
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摘要
以互联网为依托的社交网站的使用改变了人们的人际网络,它将人们现实生活中的好友复制到了虚拟的网络空问中,又把处于不同国家和地区的人通过链接的形式而聚集到了一起。社交网站已经成为了人们结交新朋友和维持人际的一个重要平台,是人们寻求社会资源和社会支持的一个重要渠道。同时,这一沟通模式和人际网络的变化对社会资本的影响也日益成为了心理学、社会学、传播学等各学科所关注的焦点。通过对互联网、社交网站与社会资本的相关研究文献的梳理,本研究采用定量的研究方式,使用量表对线上个人社会资本——线上黏结性社会资本和线上桥接性社会资本——进行测量,并利用多元线性回归模型,从空间视角和关系视角探究了社交网站的使用对线上社会资本的获取的影响。
研究结果表明,社交网站使用程度的四个变量——社交网站使用年限、注册数量、使用时长、登陆频次——均未对线上桥接性社会资本和线上黏结性社会资本造成影响,而社交网站的部分使用行为,用户对社交网站的依赖程度均对线上两种社会资本的获得产生积极的影响。同时,只有家人、亲属及亲密好友的规模影响线上黏结性社会资本的获取,并且二者之间的关系是负相关,这也意味着并不是人际规模越大,越能获得更多的线上黏结性社会资本,家人、亲属及亲密好友的数量越多只会消减用户所能得到的资本,此外,普通朋友、陌生人的规模不会对线上桥接性社会资本造成任何影响。
总体而言,社交网站的使用行为和依赖程度对个人线上黏结性社会资本和线上桥接性社会资本的获得具有重要的影响。这也意味着,社交网站作为一个虚拟的网络空间已经和现实生活交织相容,空间里包含了人们的互动、沟通等行为,以及用户的情感,并且这些都是影响用户获取线上社会资本的重要因素。
Based on Internet, social network sites have changed people's network, the friends in real life were copyed in the virtual network space by social network sites used, and people in different countries and regions gathered together by links. Social network sites have become an important platform where the people make new friends and maintain the relationship, and it is the important channel search for social resources and social support. At the same time, the change of the communication and network impact on social capital has attracted the various subject attention, such as psychology, sociology, communication studies. Based on the literature about Internet, social networks sites and social capital, this study adopts quantitative research method, online social capital-online bonding social capital and online bridging social capital-is measured by a scale, and by using multiple linear regression model, to explore the relationship of use of social networking sites and online social capital from the perspective of space and the relationship.
The research results show that the degree of four variables of social networking sites using-years of social networking site used, registration number, use the length and frequency-not associated with online bonding social capital and bridging social capital. But the social networking site use behaviors, users of social sites of reliance have a positive impact on online social capital. At the same time, only the variable of size of the family, relatives and close friends influenced online bonding of social capital, and the relationship between them is negative correlation, that also means that the more the number of family members, relatives and close friends, the little online bonding social capital will gain. Furthermore, on line of human scale and the scale of the ordinary friends, strangers will not cause any influence on online bridging social capital.
In general, the use of social networking behavior and the attachment have an important influence on online bonding online social capital and bridging social capital. This also means that social networking sites as a virtual network contains interaction, communication, etc, as well as the feelings of users, and these are important factors which will bringing online social capital to users.
研究结果表明,社交网站使用程度的四个变量——社交网站使用年限、注册数量、使用时长、登陆频次——均未对线上桥接性社会资本和线上黏结性社会资本造成影响,而社交网站的部分使用行为,用户对社交网站的依赖程度均对线上两种社会资本的获得产生积极的影响。同时,只有家人、亲属及亲密好友的规模影响线上黏结性社会资本的获取,并且二者之间的关系是负相关,这也意味着并不是人际规模越大,越能获得更多的线上黏结性社会资本,家人、亲属及亲密好友的数量越多只会消减用户所能得到的资本,此外,普通朋友、陌生人的规模不会对线上桥接性社会资本造成任何影响。
总体而言,社交网站的使用行为和依赖程度对个人线上黏结性社会资本和线上桥接性社会资本的获得具有重要的影响。这也意味着,社交网站作为一个虚拟的网络空间已经和现实生活交织相容,空间里包含了人们的互动、沟通等行为,以及用户的情感,并且这些都是影响用户获取线上社会资本的重要因素。
Based on Internet, social network sites have changed people's network, the friends in real life were copyed in the virtual network space by social network sites used, and people in different countries and regions gathered together by links. Social network sites have become an important platform where the people make new friends and maintain the relationship, and it is the important channel search for social resources and social support. At the same time, the change of the communication and network impact on social capital has attracted the various subject attention, such as psychology, sociology, communication studies. Based on the literature about Internet, social networks sites and social capital, this study adopts quantitative research method, online social capital-online bonding social capital and online bridging social capital-is measured by a scale, and by using multiple linear regression model, to explore the relationship of use of social networking sites and online social capital from the perspective of space and the relationship.
The research results show that the degree of four variables of social networking sites using-years of social networking site used, registration number, use the length and frequency-not associated with online bonding social capital and bridging social capital. But the social networking site use behaviors, users of social sites of reliance have a positive impact on online social capital. At the same time, only the variable of size of the family, relatives and close friends influenced online bonding of social capital, and the relationship between them is negative correlation, that also means that the more the number of family members, relatives and close friends, the little online bonding social capital will gain. Furthermore, on line of human scale and the scale of the ordinary friends, strangers will not cause any influence on online bridging social capital.
In general, the use of social networking behavior and the attachment have an important influence on online bonding online social capital and bridging social capital. This also means that social networking sites as a virtual network contains interaction, communication, etc, as well as the feelings of users, and these are important factors which will bringing online social capital to users.
引文
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[2]边燕杰.关系社会学：理论与研究[M].社会科学文献出版社,2011(6)P174
[3]崔娜,盛斌,贾婉莹.SNS网络文化探析[J].北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版).2009(10)
[4]陈柳钦.社会资及其主要理论研究观点综述[J].东方论坛,2007(3)
[5]陈雅琪.社交网站SNS使用与用户社会资本的关系研究[D].湖北：华中科技大学,2011
[6]陈思雅.SNS的使用对社会资本的改变——基于对华中科技大学445名SNS用户的调查[D].湖北：华中科技大学,2010
[7]范小青,薛松岩,莫森,杨伯溆.社交网站偷菜游戏汇总的人际互动与社会资本研究[J].中国出版2010(12)
[8]黄少华,翟本瑞.网络社会学——学科定位与议题[M],中国社会科学出版社.2006,P3
[9]黄少华.青少年网络人际信任及其影响因素研究[J].宁夏大学学报,2008(1)
[10]Ireseareh——艾瑞咨询中国网络经济研究中心.中国社交网络市场研究报告简报(2010—2011)[DB/OL].http://www.iresearch.com.cn/Report/Report.aspx?Newsid=1657
[11]Ireseareh——艾瑞咨询中国网络经济研究中心.中国社交网络用户行为研究报告简报(2010—2011) [DB/OL].http://www.iresearch.com.cn/Report/Report.aspx?Newsid=1606
[12]靳亚男.社会网络服务使用对个人社会资本影响机制研究[D],北京：清华大学,2009
[13]柯惠新.互联网调查研究方法综述(上)[J].现代传媒,2001(4)83
[14]李林容.社交网络的特征及其发展趋势[J].新闻界.2010(5)
[15]李惠斌,杨冬雪.社会资本与社会发展[M].社会科学文献出版社,2000,P3
[16]李园园.社交网络使用行为与社会资本获得关系研究[D].甘肃：兰州大学,2010
[17]刘林平.企业的社会资本：概念烦死和测量途径——兼评边燕杰,邱海雄的“企业的社会资本及功效”[J].社会学研究,2006(2)
[18]刘静,杨伯淑.校内网使用与大学生的互联网社会资本——以北京大学在校生的抽样调查为例[J].青年研究,2010(4)
[19]林南.社会资本：关于社会结构与行动的理论,张磊译[M].上海人民出版社,2004
[20]罗伯特·帕特南.独自打保龄：美国社区的衰落与复兴,刘波等译[M].北京大学出版社,2011(1)
[21]曼纽尔·卡斯特.网络社会学的崛起,夏铸九等译[M].北京：社会科学出版社,2006,P337
[22]Nielsen:数据解读社交用户为什么要结交朋友与朋友断交.中国互联网数据资讯中心.http://www.199it.com/archives/20760.html
[23]倪晓丽,周小军,吉瑞娜.虚拟社会关系中的人际信任研究[J].兰州大学学报,2010(1)
[24]欧阳春香.互联网使用方式对在线社会资本的影响[D].北京：中国人民大学,2010
[25]秦洁.社会资本溯源及其在社交网站研究中的应用[J].浙江传媒学院学报,2012(6)
[26]冉彬.社交网游人际传播与人际交往研究[D].重庆：重庆工商大学,2012
[27]托马斯·福特·布朗.社会资本理论综述[J].马克思主义与现实,2000(2)
[28]闫幸,常亚平.SNS研究综述[J].情报杂志.2010(11)
[29]翟学伟.是关系还是社会[J].社会,2009(1)
[30]詹姆斯·科尔曼.社会理论的基础,邓方译[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2008
[31]赵延东,罗家德.如何测量社会资本：一个经验研究综述[J].国外社会科学.2005(2)
[32]周兆安.社会资本经典理论研究：一个从微观到宏观的分析框架[J].广东青年干部学院学报.2009(6)
[33]郑素伙.互联网使用与内地大学生的社会资本——以武汉高校的抽样调查为例[D].湖北：华中科技大学,2008a
[34]郑素侠.消解与重构：电了媒介对社会资本的影响[J].河南社会科学,2008b(1)143-146
[1]Anabel Quan-Haase,Barry Wellman.How does the Internet Affect Social Capital.IT and Social Capital,Draft 4:Tuesday, November 12,2002
[2]Adam N. Joinson.'Looking at','Looking up' or 'Keeping up with' People? Motives and Uses of Facebook. April 5-10.2008·Florence, Italy
[3]Barnes S.2006. A privacy paradox:Social networking in the United States.FirstMonday, 11(9).
[4]Charles Steinfield, Nicole B. Ellison, Cliff Lampe.Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites:A longitudinal analysis.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 29 (2008) 434-445
[5]Charles Steinfield,Joan M. DiMicco,Nicole B. Ellison,Cliff Lampe.Bowling Online:Social Networking and Social Capital within the Organization.C&T'09,June 25-27,2009, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
[6]Cliff Lampe. Nicole Ellison, Charles Steinfield. A Face (book) in the Crowd:Social Searching vs. Social Browsing. https://www.msu.edu/-nellison/lampe_et_al_2006.pdf
[7]Christian Yoder, Fred Stutzman. Identifying Social Capital in the Facebook Interface. May 7-12,2011·Vancouver, BC, Canada
[8]Dhavan V. Shah, Nojin Kwak, R. Lance HoIbert."Connecting" and "Disconnecting" With Civic Life:Patterns of Internet Use and the Production of Social Capital.Political Communication,18:141-162,2001
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