渤海湾盆地北部下古生界碳酸盐岩储层特征及分布规律
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摘要
在充分运用前人研究成果的基础上,综合利用地质、地震、测井和录井等分析手段,建立了精细的层序地层格架,在地层格架内分析了下古生界沉积相和沉积演化规律,并对渤海湾盆地北部下古生界碳酸盐岩储层的储集空间、储集性能和控制因素等进行了系统研究。
研究区下古生界储集体的物性总体较差,按储集空间的类型和成因可分为古岩溶型、白云岩晶间孔隙型和裂缝型三类储集体。古岩溶型储集体在中北部马家沟组钻遇率最高,主要发育风化壳岩溶型和埋藏岩溶型两种,并发育六种岩溶模式；白云岩晶间孔隙型储集体的储集空间主要为准同生白云化作用、混合水白云化作用及埋藏白云化作用形成的白云岩晶间孔和晶间溶孔,主要发育于西部和南部的马家沟组和亮甲山组；裂缝型储集体分布较广,纵向上主要集中于马家沟组和炒米店组,半充填或未充填的后期裂缝对油气储渗具有积极意义。分析认为储集体的发育受岩性、沉积环境、岩溶作用、成岩作用和构造作用等因素的影响,其中岩性因素和沉积环境是储层形成的基础,岩溶作用是古岩溶型储集体形成的首要成因机制,成岩作用决定了白云岩型储集体的储集性能,构造作用控制了裂缝型储集体的分布。
在此基础上,综合评价了寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层,划分出裂缝-溶蚀孔洞型、溶洞-裂缝型、溶孔-裂缝型和微孔微缝型四种储层类型,并进行了优质储层预测,指出冀中地区和黄骅地区的新厂阶-达瑞威尔阶及冀东地区的凤山阶和沧浪铺阶均具有优越的油气储集性能,是寒武-奥陶系储层的主要目的层序。
Based on previous study, and the application on geology, seismic data, well logging and logging information, the sequence stratigraphic framework was accurately built. In the stratigraphic framewok, on the basis of sedimentary facies and evolution, the reservoir space, properties and major controlling factors were systematically studied.
Physical properties of the Lower Palaeozoic reservoirs in the research area were poor in all. According to the means that the reservoir spaces formed reservoirs type, the reservoirs could be divided into karst cave type, dolomite dissolution pores type and fracture type. Karst cave type was most developed in Majiagou formation in the north central area, including weathering crust karst cave and buried karst cave, which were formed by six karst models. The reservoir spaces of dolomite were intercrystal pores and intercrystal corroded pores of dolomite formed by penecontemporaneous dolomitization, dorag dolomitization and burial dolomitization. This type was mainly developed in Majiagou formation and Liangjiashan formation in the west and south area. Fracture type developed widely in Majiagou formation and Chaomidian formation, among which the unfilled and semi-filled could form the high quality reservoirs. The influence factors to Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate reservoirs were discussed, such as lithology, sedimentary environment, karstification, diagenesis and tectonization. It was put forward that lithology and sedimentary environment were the basis, karstification was the most important factor to form karst cave type reservoir, diagenesis decided the store-permeability conditions of dolomite dissolution pores type reservoir, and tectonization controlled the distribution of fracture type reservoir.
Based on the research, Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate reservoirs were synthetically evaluated. And the result showed that they could be classified into four types, which included fracture-corrosion pore type, cavity-fracture type, pore-fracture type and micropore-slit type. According to the results, the prospective sites were put forwarded and evaluated. In Jizhong and Huanghua areas, Xinchangian stage to Darriwilian stage are the.exploration object. In Jidong area, Fengshanian stage and Canglangpuan stage are potential target.
研究区下古生界储集体的物性总体较差,按储集空间的类型和成因可分为古岩溶型、白云岩晶间孔隙型和裂缝型三类储集体。古岩溶型储集体在中北部马家沟组钻遇率最高,主要发育风化壳岩溶型和埋藏岩溶型两种,并发育六种岩溶模式；白云岩晶间孔隙型储集体的储集空间主要为准同生白云化作用、混合水白云化作用及埋藏白云化作用形成的白云岩晶间孔和晶间溶孔,主要发育于西部和南部的马家沟组和亮甲山组；裂缝型储集体分布较广,纵向上主要集中于马家沟组和炒米店组,半充填或未充填的后期裂缝对油气储渗具有积极意义。分析认为储集体的发育受岩性、沉积环境、岩溶作用、成岩作用和构造作用等因素的影响,其中岩性因素和沉积环境是储层形成的基础,岩溶作用是古岩溶型储集体形成的首要成因机制,成岩作用决定了白云岩型储集体的储集性能,构造作用控制了裂缝型储集体的分布。
在此基础上,综合评价了寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层,划分出裂缝-溶蚀孔洞型、溶洞-裂缝型、溶孔-裂缝型和微孔微缝型四种储层类型,并进行了优质储层预测,指出冀中地区和黄骅地区的新厂阶-达瑞威尔阶及冀东地区的凤山阶和沧浪铺阶均具有优越的油气储集性能,是寒武-奥陶系储层的主要目的层序。
Based on previous study, and the application on geology, seismic data, well logging and logging information, the sequence stratigraphic framework was accurately built. In the stratigraphic framewok, on the basis of sedimentary facies and evolution, the reservoir space, properties and major controlling factors were systematically studied.
Physical properties of the Lower Palaeozoic reservoirs in the research area were poor in all. According to the means that the reservoir spaces formed reservoirs type, the reservoirs could be divided into karst cave type, dolomite dissolution pores type and fracture type. Karst cave type was most developed in Majiagou formation in the north central area, including weathering crust karst cave and buried karst cave, which were formed by six karst models. The reservoir spaces of dolomite were intercrystal pores and intercrystal corroded pores of dolomite formed by penecontemporaneous dolomitization, dorag dolomitization and burial dolomitization. This type was mainly developed in Majiagou formation and Liangjiashan formation in the west and south area. Fracture type developed widely in Majiagou formation and Chaomidian formation, among which the unfilled and semi-filled could form the high quality reservoirs. The influence factors to Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate reservoirs were discussed, such as lithology, sedimentary environment, karstification, diagenesis and tectonization. It was put forward that lithology and sedimentary environment were the basis, karstification was the most important factor to form karst cave type reservoir, diagenesis decided the store-permeability conditions of dolomite dissolution pores type reservoir, and tectonization controlled the distribution of fracture type reservoir.
Based on the research, Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate reservoirs were synthetically evaluated. And the result showed that they could be classified into four types, which included fracture-corrosion pore type, cavity-fracture type, pore-fracture type and micropore-slit type. According to the results, the prospective sites were put forwarded and evaluated. In Jizhong and Huanghua areas, Xinchangian stage to Darriwilian stage are the.exploration object. In Jidong area, Fengshanian stage and Canglangpuan stage are potential target.
引文
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2.王玉芹,王军,范崇海等.车镇凹陷富台油田古生界潜山裂缝评价[J],油气地质与采收率,2002,9(3)：34-37.
3.鹿洪友.埕北30潜山油藏储层特征及成藏模式研究[J],石油天然气学报,2008,30(4)：23-27.
4.姜平,王建华.大港地区千米桥潜山奥陶系古岩溶研究[J],成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(1)：50-53..
5.姚合法,张绪教,王生朗等.东濮凹陷及其邻区下古生界碳酸盐岩储集层特征及其控制因素分析[J],现代地质,2000,14(2)：191-196.
6.傅学斌,刘蕴华,曹中宏等.冀东探区潜山油藏形成条件及分布规律研究[J],地质科技情报,2004,23(3)：66-70.
7.余家仁,樊哲仁,唐飞.冀中地区碳酸盐岩三种储集类型[J],石油勘探与开发,1982,(4)：48-55.
8.张吉昌.辽河盆地古潜山油藏储层特征[J],特种油气藏,2002,9(5)：30-32.
9.杜金虎,邹伟宏,费宝生等.冀中拗陷古潜山复式油气聚集区[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：23-571.
10. Clyde H.Moore著,姚根顺,沈安江,潘文庆等译.碳酸盐岩储层-层序地层格架中的成岩作用和孔隙演化[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2008：1-393.
11. Reeckman,A.,Friedman, G.M著,丁禾,李建温译.碳酸盐岩油藏勘探[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1986：80-82.
12.李国蓉.碳酸盐岩中缝合线的形成机制及其储集意义讨论[J],矿物岩石,1997,17(2)：49-54.
13. Brita R, Graham W, Radu G et al. Evolution of fracture and fault-controlled fluid pathways in carbonates of the Albanides fold-thrust belt[J], AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(8):1227-1249.
14. Douchko R, Wolfgang D, Franci G. Interaction of fracture and conduit flow in the evolution of karst aquifers[J], Karst Waters Institute Special Publication,2002,7:38-43.
15. Davies G R, Smith L B. Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview[J], AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
16. Yaacov A. Fractures and karst in hard cabonates in northern Israel[J], Geological Survey of Israel,1996,10:90-94.
17. Graham B, Antonellini M, Aydin A. Formation and growth of naomal faults in carbonates within a compressive environment[J], Geology,2003,31:11-14.
18. Julia F W,Robert M R. Natural fractures in the Barnett Shale and their importance for hydraulic fracture treatments[J], AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):603-622.
19. Gustave Erdman Archie. Classification of carbonate reservoir rocks and petrophysical considerations [J], AAPG Bulletin,1952,36(2):278-298.
20. Raymond Carl Murray. Origin of porosity in carbonate rocks [J], Journal of Sedimentary Research,1960,30(1):59-84.
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