重钢炼钢厂铁水预处理工艺优化研究
|
摘要
随着钢铁品种的增加和质量要求的提高,铁水预处理已成为钢铁生产中必不可少的工序;它是实现经济炼钢的必要前提,是完善钢铁生产工艺最有效的技术之一。
重钢铁水预处理脱硫时所使用的两种脱硫剂,CaO基(90%CaO+10%CaF2)和Mg基(90%CaO+10%Mg)均存在单耗过高、脱硫周期时间过长、铁水温降过大、扒渣量大、铁损严重等问题,严重地影响了后工序的冶炼及优质钢的生产。
通过重钢生产数据及铁水脱硫热力学和动力学理论的分析,同时根据重钢脱硫工艺特点,发现增加脱硫剂中的镁含量,可以改善脱硫效果、缩短现有周期时间和减少过程温降等问题;但带来的是脱硫渣的流变特性、聚集性能变差和脱硫工艺参数的不适应等情况。因此,在实验室通过理论和实验来优化现有脱硫剂、改性剂,改善渣的性能和减少渣的带铁量;通过分析和计算脱硫剂脱硫反应、脱硫产物上浮的时间来合理的确定下料速度和喷吹工艺等参数。最后,对优化后的脱硫剂、改性剂及脱硫工艺参数进行工业试验。得到的主要结果为:
①由理论计算和重钢脱硫工艺条件知,镁基脱硫剂脱硫时铁水中[%S]从0.032%脱到0.005%需要的时间为228s,实际脱硫中需要的时间长些;因此,一般为300～400s。按现有工艺条件,镁基脱硫剂脱硫时喷吹时间偏短,反应不完全,产物没有完全上浮;因此,喷吹完脱硫剂时再喷吹0.5～1min的氮气,通过分段喷吹来改善脱硫效果。其它工艺参数优化为:下料速度40～50Kg/min、喉口直径10mm、插入深度为距罐底200～300mm。
②通过工业试验,脱硫剂配方确定为:80%CaO+15%Mg+5%CaF2,单耗由原10%Mg脱硫剂的6～8Kg/t调整为15%Mg脱硫剂的3.5～4Kg/t。
③通过理论分析,在实验室进行改性剂的物化性能、脱硫能力及模拟脱硫渣的物化性能、表面张力等测试,最后进行工业试验,确定出脱硫渣改性剂的化学成分(wt%)为:SiO2 44.58%、Al2O3 2.22%、CaF2 17.50%、K2O+Na2O 18.22%、CaO 5.04%和一些杂质,其用量为40～80Kg/罐。
④优化脱硫工艺后,铁水预脱硫平均周期时间为19.95min;平均周期温降为19.38℃;铁水预处理脱硫终点[S]含量在10×10-3%以下,平均脱硫率约80%;优化改性剂后,15%Mg基脱硫渣中带铁量为30～50%,较原改性剂、10%Mg基脱硫渣带铁量为70～80%有明显的改善。
With increment of steel variety and improvement of quality requirements ,the hot metal desulfurization has become incapable of shortness procedure for steel production, which realizes prerequisite of economic steelmaking and was one of most effective technology of perfect steel production precess.
The main problems of pre-treatment desulphurization of Chongqing Iron & Steelmaking Co.Ltd. were investigated, such as the lime-based(90%CaO+10%CaF2) and the Magnesium-based (90%CaO+10%Mg) desulfurizers and desulphurization technological parameters, the excessive consumption of desulfurizing agents, causing the sophisticated procedure, large quantities of heat drop, slag-off, ferrous loss, as well as the influences in the material flow structure of the whole steelmaking shop and production of high-quality steel.
According to the calculation of the thermodynamics and kinetics of desulphurization and characteristic of desulfurization in Chongqing Iron & Steelmaking Co. Ltd. more Magnesium contents are added for desulphurization, shortening the process temporal hours and decreasing the heat drop, so as to meet the need of practical production. Generally,the desulphurization process of Magnesium-based desulfurizer, the influence of the surfacial properties of the slag to desulphurization were analyzed. hence several problems are generated, for example, poor fluidity and the aggregation of the slag, more iron content in desulfurized slag. So a certain kind of modifying agent is added into the desulfurizing slag to improve its performance and reduce the ferrous content loss. The composition and the quantities of the desulfurizer and modifying agent as well as other technological parameters were analyzed theoretically. Finally, the desulfurizers, with 15% and 20% of the Magnesium element separately and optimized technical parameters were chosen in the industrial experiment. The main results were as follows:
①According to theoretical analyses and calculation, the time needed was 228s if the sulfur element content decreased from 0.032% to 0.005%, however while the blowing time was much lower in practical procedure and was approximately 300~400s, so Nitrogen was added for about 0.5~1min in order to promote string and the rising of powder and the reactant. other technological parameters were as follows:
Baiting speed:40~50Kg/min;
Aperture of larynx diameter:10mm;
Inserting depth:200~300mm.
②The relatively optimizational formulation and the consumption were obtained in the plant experiments, which were 80%CaO, 15%Mg, 5%CaF2 , the consumption was reduced from 6~8Kg/t with 10% Magnesium to 3.5~4Kg/t for desulphurizer.
③According to theory and relative experiment and industrial trial,modifying agent contained 15% Magnesium and SiO2 44.58%,Al2O3 2.223%,Na2CO3 19.36%,CaF2 17.5%,K2O+Na2O 6.899%, the consumption was 40~80Kg/ladle .
④The average periodic time of desulphurization was approximately 19.95min after optimization and the average periodic heat drop of desulphurization was approximately 19.38℃after optimization. The sulfur content of the pre-treat ment of the hot metal after optimization was less than 10×10-3%, the average desulphurization ratio was about 80%.The metallic iron content was reduced from 70~80% of the desulfurized slag with 10% Magnesium to 30~50% which contained 15% Magnesium.
重钢铁水预处理脱硫时所使用的两种脱硫剂,CaO基(90%CaO+10%CaF2)和Mg基(90%CaO+10%Mg)均存在单耗过高、脱硫周期时间过长、铁水温降过大、扒渣量大、铁损严重等问题,严重地影响了后工序的冶炼及优质钢的生产。
通过重钢生产数据及铁水脱硫热力学和动力学理论的分析,同时根据重钢脱硫工艺特点,发现增加脱硫剂中的镁含量,可以改善脱硫效果、缩短现有周期时间和减少过程温降等问题;但带来的是脱硫渣的流变特性、聚集性能变差和脱硫工艺参数的不适应等情况。因此,在实验室通过理论和实验来优化现有脱硫剂、改性剂,改善渣的性能和减少渣的带铁量;通过分析和计算脱硫剂脱硫反应、脱硫产物上浮的时间来合理的确定下料速度和喷吹工艺等参数。最后,对优化后的脱硫剂、改性剂及脱硫工艺参数进行工业试验。得到的主要结果为:
①由理论计算和重钢脱硫工艺条件知,镁基脱硫剂脱硫时铁水中[%S]从0.032%脱到0.005%需要的时间为228s,实际脱硫中需要的时间长些;因此,一般为300～400s。按现有工艺条件,镁基脱硫剂脱硫时喷吹时间偏短,反应不完全,产物没有完全上浮;因此,喷吹完脱硫剂时再喷吹0.5～1min的氮气,通过分段喷吹来改善脱硫效果。其它工艺参数优化为:下料速度40～50Kg/min、喉口直径10mm、插入深度为距罐底200～300mm。
②通过工业试验,脱硫剂配方确定为:80%CaO+15%Mg+5%CaF2,单耗由原10%Mg脱硫剂的6～8Kg/t调整为15%Mg脱硫剂的3.5～4Kg/t。
③通过理论分析,在实验室进行改性剂的物化性能、脱硫能力及模拟脱硫渣的物化性能、表面张力等测试,最后进行工业试验,确定出脱硫渣改性剂的化学成分(wt%)为:SiO2 44.58%、Al2O3 2.22%、CaF2 17.50%、K2O+Na2O 18.22%、CaO 5.04%和一些杂质,其用量为40～80Kg/罐。
④优化脱硫工艺后,铁水预脱硫平均周期时间为19.95min;平均周期温降为19.38℃;铁水预处理脱硫终点[S]含量在10×10-3%以下,平均脱硫率约80%;优化改性剂后,15%Mg基脱硫渣中带铁量为30～50%,较原改性剂、10%Mg基脱硫渣带铁量为70～80%有明显的改善。
With increment of steel variety and improvement of quality requirements ,the hot metal desulfurization has become incapable of shortness procedure for steel production, which realizes prerequisite of economic steelmaking and was one of most effective technology of perfect steel production precess.
The main problems of pre-treatment desulphurization of Chongqing Iron & Steelmaking Co.Ltd. were investigated, such as the lime-based(90%CaO+10%CaF2) and the Magnesium-based (90%CaO+10%Mg) desulfurizers and desulphurization technological parameters, the excessive consumption of desulfurizing agents, causing the sophisticated procedure, large quantities of heat drop, slag-off, ferrous loss, as well as the influences in the material flow structure of the whole steelmaking shop and production of high-quality steel.
According to the calculation of the thermodynamics and kinetics of desulphurization and characteristic of desulfurization in Chongqing Iron & Steelmaking Co. Ltd. more Magnesium contents are added for desulphurization, shortening the process temporal hours and decreasing the heat drop, so as to meet the need of practical production. Generally,the desulphurization process of Magnesium-based desulfurizer, the influence of the surfacial properties of the slag to desulphurization were analyzed. hence several problems are generated, for example, poor fluidity and the aggregation of the slag, more iron content in desulfurized slag. So a certain kind of modifying agent is added into the desulfurizing slag to improve its performance and reduce the ferrous content loss. The composition and the quantities of the desulfurizer and modifying agent as well as other technological parameters were analyzed theoretically. Finally, the desulfurizers, with 15% and 20% of the Magnesium element separately and optimized technical parameters were chosen in the industrial experiment. The main results were as follows:
①According to theoretical analyses and calculation, the time needed was 228s if the sulfur element content decreased from 0.032% to 0.005%, however while the blowing time was much lower in practical procedure and was approximately 300~400s, so Nitrogen was added for about 0.5~1min in order to promote string and the rising of powder and the reactant. other technological parameters were as follows:
Baiting speed:40~50Kg/min;
Aperture of larynx diameter:10mm;
Inserting depth:200~300mm.
②The relatively optimizational formulation and the consumption were obtained in the plant experiments, which were 80%CaO, 15%Mg, 5%CaF2 , the consumption was reduced from 6~8Kg/t with 10% Magnesium to 3.5~4Kg/t for desulphurizer.
③According to theory and relative experiment and industrial trial,modifying agent contained 15% Magnesium and SiO2 44.58%,Al2O3 2.223%,Na2CO3 19.36%,CaF2 17.5%,K2O+Na2O 6.899%, the consumption was 40~80Kg/ladle .
④The average periodic time of desulphurization was approximately 19.95min after optimization and the average periodic heat drop of desulphurization was approximately 19.38℃after optimization. The sulfur content of the pre-treat ment of the hot metal after optimization was less than 10×10-3%, the average desulphurization ratio was about 80%.The metallic iron content was reduced from 70~80% of the desulfurized slag with 10% Magnesium to 30~50% which contained 15% Magnesium.
引文
[1] Roger J Pomfret.Chemistry of hot metal pretreatment[J].Steel Times Inernational.1990,14(3):14-17.
[2] 沈苏,董一诚,杨世山.国外铁水预处理的新进展[J].炼钢.1992,(1):49-54.
[3] 张荣生.钢铁生产中的脱硫[J].冶金工业出版社,1986:91-93.
[4] 程煌,任彤.铁水深脱硫及其发展趋势[J].钢铁.2001,26(4):17-19.
[5] H P Haastert.Symposium on external desulphurization of hot metal[C].Ed.W-K.Lu,Hamilton,Ontario,Canada.1975:6-11.
[6] 李顶宜.钙镁系粉剂铁水脱硫技术及经济分析[J].钢铁.1997,32(11):21-23.
[7] 山本亮二.铁和钢.1985,71:107.
[8] 承德钢铁厂技术处.高炉铁水炉外连续处理初试.内部资料,1985.
[9] 程正东,叶绪恕.铁水沟喷粉连续脱硫工业试验.钢铁,1992,26(2):12-17.
[10] 翟雪中.连续法铁水脱硫工艺研究.第八届全国炼钢学术会议论文集:335-337.
[11] Ian A Cameron and Richard E Jackson. Improved calcium carbide efficiency for hot metal desulfurization at stelco steel’s lake erik works[C].Steelmaking Conference Proceedings. 1990:367-374.
[12] S Yamaguchi,T Uemura,H Nashiwa and H Sugita.DesuIphrization of iron in the ladle with Mg-impregbated coke[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1977,(5):276-279.
[13] D A R Kay,S V Subramanian and R V Kumar.Effects and control of inclusions and residuals in steels[J].Canadian Instititute of Mining and Metallurgy.1986(Aug),17:25-43.
[14] G A Irons and C Celik.Comparison of iron desulphrisation using calcium carbide and lime-magnesium mixtures[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1992,19(2):136-144.
[15] H Sandberg.Desulphurization of hot metal[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1977,(5):280-284.
[16] G A Irons and R I L Guthrie.Kinetic aspects of magnesium desulphurization of blast furnace iron[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1981,(3):114-121.
[17] 顾颜,赵世新,张洪量等.鞍钢第二炼钢厂铁水预处理工艺实践.包头钢铁学院学报. 2001,20(12):353-354.
[18] 刘炳宇.不同铁水脱硫工艺方法的应用效果.钢铁.2004,36(6):24-27.
[19] 陈林权,何建新.75t 铁水罐脱硫工艺及实践.炼钢.2001,17(1):19-22.
[20] 梁 玫,王恭亮.镁基石灰复合铁水脱硫工艺生产实践.河北冶金.2006,1:33-35.
[21] 陈会文,丘颜生,尹国生等.马钢铁水脱硫工艺实践.炼钢.2003,19(4):1-4.
[22] 章奉山,阮建波,刘捷等.铁水罐喷吹颗粒镁高效化脱硫的研究.炼钢.2005,21(6):29-32.
[23] 陈军利,邓建军,郭辉.纯镁脱硫技术的研究与应用.炼钢.2005,21(2):55-57.
[24] G A Irons and C Celik.The kinetics of iron desulphurization with calcium carbide and lime-magnesium[C] .Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1992:255.
[25] 徐国涛,杜鹤桂.镁基复合脱硫剂的脱硫渣组成分析与脱硫机理探讨.钢铁钒钛.2000,21(2):16-20.
[26] Francis M Donahue.A study of hot metal desulphurization by magnesium-lime powder injection[J].Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1992:249-254.
[27] Bathain J K et al.Europe Patent.1981,N0.40044.
[28] 吴引淳.铁水脱硫的热力学与动力学浅析.炼钢.1996,2:44-52.
[29] N Tsrchiya et al.McMaster conference on ladle treatment of carbon steel.Ontario,Canada.1979.
[30] 北美铁水预处理脱硫进展.《亚洲钢铁》报道(《世界金属导报》1998-08-20 转载).
[31] Saxena S K . 用 氧 气 炼 钢 大 批 量 生 产 优 质 钢 水 所 用 铁 水 脱 硫 技 的 最 新 动 向[P].MetalMetallurgy China'97,Rossborough制造公司和Hoogovens技术服务公司.北京:1997,5.
[32] 卢志文.铁水预处理脱硫剂选择探讨[J] .炼钢.2001,17(1):35-39.
[33] 陈林权,周良,何建新等.75t铁水脱硫工艺及实践[J].炼钢,2001,17(1):19-22.
[34] 肖鹏.铁水炉外脱硫的现状与发展[J].钢铁技术.1999,6:11-14.
[35] 赵俊学.炉外脱硫剂研究综述[J].钢铁研究.1995,5:59-64.
[36] 赵义强.宝钢炼钢厂铁水脱硫模式研究.北京科技大学硕士学位论文.2000.
[37] 朱果灵.CaO 基脱硫粉剂中碳的作用[J].钢铁.1991,26(11):25-28.
[38] 李定一.钙镁系粉剂铁水脱硫技术及经济分析.宝山钢铁公司内部资料.
[39] 魏寿昆.冶金过程热力学[M].上海:上海科技出版社.1980.
[40] 屈正平.铁水喷吹镁粒脱硫工艺的试验研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文.2003.
[41] Kouichi torii et al. Improment of dephosphorization capacity in Srp.Camp-isv,1998,11:142
[42] 文光远.铁冶金学.重庆:重庆大学出版社.1993.
[43] Katsuma yoshida et al.Development of effective refining process consisting of both hot metal pretreatment and decarbarization in two top and bottom converters.铁匕钢.1990,11:1817.
[44] 熔铁熔渣部会报告.溶铁熔渣の物性值便览.日本铁钢协会,1972.
[45] Bieniosek Thomas . Hot metal desulfurizatin by co-injectin of calcium carbide and magnesium.Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1986:349-353.
[46] Ja-Yong-CHOI,Dae-Jung KIM,Hae-Geon LEE.Reaction kinetics of desulfurization of molten pig iron using CaO-SiO2-Al2O4～Na2O slag systems.ISIJ.2001,41 (3):216-224.
[47] S Mukawa and Y Mizukami:Testu-to-Hagane.1996,82:659.
[48] Subagyo,G A Brook,K S Coley,G A Irons.Generation of droplets in slag-metal emulsions through top gas blowing.ISIJ.2003,43(7):983-989.
[49] Subagyo,G A Brook and K S Coley:ISS Ironmaking Conf Proc,ISS.Warrendale.PA.2002:837.
[50] S C Koria and K W Lange:Metall.Trans.B,1984,15:109.
[51] 陈家祥.炼钢常用图表数据手册[M] .北京:冶金工业出版社.1984.
[52] 刘凯,庄汉宁,王清方等.纯镁铁水脱硫粘渣剂使用与改进.武钢科技.2005,43(1):30-32
[53] 张婕,丛玉伟,王淑华.铁水脱硫用聚渣剂的研制.山东冶金.2005,27(4):31-32.
[54] 李艳萍.铁水预处理改性剂的生产应用效果探讨.本溪冶金高等专科学校学报.2003,9(3):14-16 .
[55] 熊银成,何宏侠.铁水脱硫剂研制及喷吹工艺参数优化.炼钢. 2005,25(2):10-13.
[56] 王玉彬,孙恩茂,王玉玫.Ca-Mg 系粉剂复合喷吹脱硫技术在鞍钢的应用.鞍钢技术. 2002,4:21-23.
[57] Engh T A,Midtgaard H,Broke J C et al.Thermodynamics of the reaction between magnesium and sulphur in carbon saturated iron at 1260℃.Scand J.Metallurgy.1979,8:195-198.
[58] 梁英教,车荫昌.无机物热力学数据手册.沈阳:东北大学出版社.1993.
[59] 李博知.用镁和石灰对铁水脱硫的热力学与动力学分析.河南冶金.2005,13(1):20-22.
[60] 陈新贵.镁基脱硫剂铁水炉外脱硫实验室研究[D].沈阳:东北大学.2001.
[61] 李文超.冶金与材料物理化学.北京:冶金工业出版社.2001.
[62] 刘正波.铁水预处理颗粒镁脱硫理论及其工艺研究.北京科技大学硕士学位论文.2005.
[63] Zhao Y F,Iron G A.Calcium carbide power injection into hot metal:part2-simultaneous desolpurization and deoxidation[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1994,21(4):309-317.
[64] 黄希祜.钢铁冶金原理.北京:冶金工业出版社.2005.
[65] Robinson S W,Bartram R W,Houghton G M.Kinetic Model for Predicting Hot Metal Desulfurizer Consumption.Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1989:457-461.
[66] 陈辉.铁水预处理脱硫剂消耗量神经网络模型的研究.武汉科技大学硕士学位论文.2000.
[67] Varadarajan S,Carlos A S,Itavahn A S et al.A kinetic model applied to the molten pig iron desulfurization by injection of lime-based powders.ISIJ Int.1997,37(1):21-30.
[68] 高长益,喻淑仁,丁永昌.钢包喷粉脱硫反应速度模型.钢铁研究.1993,1:7-12.
[69] 金嵌,喻淑仁.铁水喷粉脱硫的动力学模型研究.武汉冶金科技大学学报.1998,21(1):22-26.
[70] 王楠.浸入式喷粉铁水脱硫过程的模拟研究.东北大学博士学位论文.2000.
[71] P K Iwamasa and R J Fruehan.A kinetic model demonstrating the effect of FeO in the slag and silicon in the metal on hot metal desulfurization.Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1998:384-396.
[72] G A Irons,R I L Guthrie.The kinetics of molten iron desulfurization using magnesium vapor.Metallugical Transactions B.1981,12(l2B):755-767.
[73] 余永军.喷吹 CaO-Mg 粉剂剂铁水脱硫工艺分析及其参数优化.东北大学硕士学位论文:2000.
[74] J F Elliot,M Gleiser.Thermochemistry for steelmaking.Addison-Wesley Publishing.1960.
[75] O Kubaschewki,C B Alock.Metallurgical thermo-chemistry.5th edition.London:Pergamon Press.1979:267-323.
[76] P K Iwamasa and R J Fruehan.A kinetic model demonstrating the effect of FeO in the slag and silicon in the metal on hot metal desulfurization . Steelmaking Conference Pro- ceedings.1998:384-396.
[77] 陈辉,喻淑仁.镁在铁水脱硫中的应用.炼钢.1999,15(4):9-13.
[78] Jorge Zertuche.Optimization of hot metal desulfurization at AHMSA.Iron and Steel Engineer.1998,3:35-38.
[79] 郭汉杰.金属镁粒铁水脱硫过程动力学.钢铁.2007,42(5):37-41.
[80] 吴巍,胡砚斌.喷吹法铁水脱硫反应动力学分析研究.钢铁.2006,41(11):17-19.
[81] 刘义.唐钢-炼钢厂铁水预脱硫工艺应用研究.河北理工大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[82] 唐萍,文光华,薛伟峰等.重钢铁水喷粉脱硫工艺参数研究.重庆工业高等专科学校学报.2002,17 (10):36-38.
[83] 王俭编著.渣图集.北京:冶金工业出版社.1989.
[84] 张信昭.喷粉冶金基本原理.北京:冶金工业出版社.1988.
[2] 沈苏,董一诚,杨世山.国外铁水预处理的新进展[J].炼钢.1992,(1):49-54.
[3] 张荣生.钢铁生产中的脱硫[J].冶金工业出版社,1986:91-93.
[4] 程煌,任彤.铁水深脱硫及其发展趋势[J].钢铁.2001,26(4):17-19.
[5] H P Haastert.Symposium on external desulphurization of hot metal[C].Ed.W-K.Lu,Hamilton,Ontario,Canada.1975:6-11.
[6] 李顶宜.钙镁系粉剂铁水脱硫技术及经济分析[J].钢铁.1997,32(11):21-23.
[7] 山本亮二.铁和钢.1985,71:107.
[8] 承德钢铁厂技术处.高炉铁水炉外连续处理初试.内部资料,1985.
[9] 程正东,叶绪恕.铁水沟喷粉连续脱硫工业试验.钢铁,1992,26(2):12-17.
[10] 翟雪中.连续法铁水脱硫工艺研究.第八届全国炼钢学术会议论文集:335-337.
[11] Ian A Cameron and Richard E Jackson. Improved calcium carbide efficiency for hot metal desulfurization at stelco steel’s lake erik works[C].Steelmaking Conference Proceedings. 1990:367-374.
[12] S Yamaguchi,T Uemura,H Nashiwa and H Sugita.DesuIphrization of iron in the ladle with Mg-impregbated coke[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1977,(5):276-279.
[13] D A R Kay,S V Subramanian and R V Kumar.Effects and control of inclusions and residuals in steels[J].Canadian Instititute of Mining and Metallurgy.1986(Aug),17:25-43.
[14] G A Irons and C Celik.Comparison of iron desulphrisation using calcium carbide and lime-magnesium mixtures[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1992,19(2):136-144.
[15] H Sandberg.Desulphurization of hot metal[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1977,(5):280-284.
[16] G A Irons and R I L Guthrie.Kinetic aspects of magnesium desulphurization of blast furnace iron[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1981,(3):114-121.
[17] 顾颜,赵世新,张洪量等.鞍钢第二炼钢厂铁水预处理工艺实践.包头钢铁学院学报. 2001,20(12):353-354.
[18] 刘炳宇.不同铁水脱硫工艺方法的应用效果.钢铁.2004,36(6):24-27.
[19] 陈林权,何建新.75t 铁水罐脱硫工艺及实践.炼钢.2001,17(1):19-22.
[20] 梁 玫,王恭亮.镁基石灰复合铁水脱硫工艺生产实践.河北冶金.2006,1:33-35.
[21] 陈会文,丘颜生,尹国生等.马钢铁水脱硫工艺实践.炼钢.2003,19(4):1-4.
[22] 章奉山,阮建波,刘捷等.铁水罐喷吹颗粒镁高效化脱硫的研究.炼钢.2005,21(6):29-32.
[23] 陈军利,邓建军,郭辉.纯镁脱硫技术的研究与应用.炼钢.2005,21(2):55-57.
[24] G A Irons and C Celik.The kinetics of iron desulphurization with calcium carbide and lime-magnesium[C] .Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1992:255.
[25] 徐国涛,杜鹤桂.镁基复合脱硫剂的脱硫渣组成分析与脱硫机理探讨.钢铁钒钛.2000,21(2):16-20.
[26] Francis M Donahue.A study of hot metal desulphurization by magnesium-lime powder injection[J].Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1992:249-254.
[27] Bathain J K et al.Europe Patent.1981,N0.40044.
[28] 吴引淳.铁水脱硫的热力学与动力学浅析.炼钢.1996,2:44-52.
[29] N Tsrchiya et al.McMaster conference on ladle treatment of carbon steel.Ontario,Canada.1979.
[30] 北美铁水预处理脱硫进展.《亚洲钢铁》报道(《世界金属导报》1998-08-20 转载).
[31] Saxena S K . 用 氧 气 炼 钢 大 批 量 生 产 优 质 钢 水 所 用 铁 水 脱 硫 技 的 最 新 动 向[P].MetalMetallurgy China'97,Rossborough制造公司和Hoogovens技术服务公司.北京:1997,5.
[32] 卢志文.铁水预处理脱硫剂选择探讨[J] .炼钢.2001,17(1):35-39.
[33] 陈林权,周良,何建新等.75t铁水脱硫工艺及实践[J].炼钢,2001,17(1):19-22.
[34] 肖鹏.铁水炉外脱硫的现状与发展[J].钢铁技术.1999,6:11-14.
[35] 赵俊学.炉外脱硫剂研究综述[J].钢铁研究.1995,5:59-64.
[36] 赵义强.宝钢炼钢厂铁水脱硫模式研究.北京科技大学硕士学位论文.2000.
[37] 朱果灵.CaO 基脱硫粉剂中碳的作用[J].钢铁.1991,26(11):25-28.
[38] 李定一.钙镁系粉剂铁水脱硫技术及经济分析.宝山钢铁公司内部资料.
[39] 魏寿昆.冶金过程热力学[M].上海:上海科技出版社.1980.
[40] 屈正平.铁水喷吹镁粒脱硫工艺的试验研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文.2003.
[41] Kouichi torii et al. Improment of dephosphorization capacity in Srp.Camp-isv,1998,11:142
[42] 文光远.铁冶金学.重庆:重庆大学出版社.1993.
[43] Katsuma yoshida et al.Development of effective refining process consisting of both hot metal pretreatment and decarbarization in two top and bottom converters.铁匕钢.1990,11:1817.
[44] 熔铁熔渣部会报告.溶铁熔渣の物性值便览.日本铁钢协会,1972.
[45] Bieniosek Thomas . Hot metal desulfurizatin by co-injectin of calcium carbide and magnesium.Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1986:349-353.
[46] Ja-Yong-CHOI,Dae-Jung KIM,Hae-Geon LEE.Reaction kinetics of desulfurization of molten pig iron using CaO-SiO2-Al2O4～Na2O slag systems.ISIJ.2001,41 (3):216-224.
[47] S Mukawa and Y Mizukami:Testu-to-Hagane.1996,82:659.
[48] Subagyo,G A Brook,K S Coley,G A Irons.Generation of droplets in slag-metal emulsions through top gas blowing.ISIJ.2003,43(7):983-989.
[49] Subagyo,G A Brook and K S Coley:ISS Ironmaking Conf Proc,ISS.Warrendale.PA.2002:837.
[50] S C Koria and K W Lange:Metall.Trans.B,1984,15:109.
[51] 陈家祥.炼钢常用图表数据手册[M] .北京:冶金工业出版社.1984.
[52] 刘凯,庄汉宁,王清方等.纯镁铁水脱硫粘渣剂使用与改进.武钢科技.2005,43(1):30-32
[53] 张婕,丛玉伟,王淑华.铁水脱硫用聚渣剂的研制.山东冶金.2005,27(4):31-32.
[54] 李艳萍.铁水预处理改性剂的生产应用效果探讨.本溪冶金高等专科学校学报.2003,9(3):14-16 .
[55] 熊银成,何宏侠.铁水脱硫剂研制及喷吹工艺参数优化.炼钢. 2005,25(2):10-13.
[56] 王玉彬,孙恩茂,王玉玫.Ca-Mg 系粉剂复合喷吹脱硫技术在鞍钢的应用.鞍钢技术. 2002,4:21-23.
[57] Engh T A,Midtgaard H,Broke J C et al.Thermodynamics of the reaction between magnesium and sulphur in carbon saturated iron at 1260℃.Scand J.Metallurgy.1979,8:195-198.
[58] 梁英教,车荫昌.无机物热力学数据手册.沈阳:东北大学出版社.1993.
[59] 李博知.用镁和石灰对铁水脱硫的热力学与动力学分析.河南冶金.2005,13(1):20-22.
[60] 陈新贵.镁基脱硫剂铁水炉外脱硫实验室研究[D].沈阳:东北大学.2001.
[61] 李文超.冶金与材料物理化学.北京:冶金工业出版社.2001.
[62] 刘正波.铁水预处理颗粒镁脱硫理论及其工艺研究.北京科技大学硕士学位论文.2005.
[63] Zhao Y F,Iron G A.Calcium carbide power injection into hot metal:part2-simultaneous desolpurization and deoxidation[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking.1994,21(4):309-317.
[64] 黄希祜.钢铁冶金原理.北京:冶金工业出版社.2005.
[65] Robinson S W,Bartram R W,Houghton G M.Kinetic Model for Predicting Hot Metal Desulfurizer Consumption.Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1989:457-461.
[66] 陈辉.铁水预处理脱硫剂消耗量神经网络模型的研究.武汉科技大学硕士学位论文.2000.
[67] Varadarajan S,Carlos A S,Itavahn A S et al.A kinetic model applied to the molten pig iron desulfurization by injection of lime-based powders.ISIJ Int.1997,37(1):21-30.
[68] 高长益,喻淑仁,丁永昌.钢包喷粉脱硫反应速度模型.钢铁研究.1993,1:7-12.
[69] 金嵌,喻淑仁.铁水喷粉脱硫的动力学模型研究.武汉冶金科技大学学报.1998,21(1):22-26.
[70] 王楠.浸入式喷粉铁水脱硫过程的模拟研究.东北大学博士学位论文.2000.
[71] P K Iwamasa and R J Fruehan.A kinetic model demonstrating the effect of FeO in the slag and silicon in the metal on hot metal desulfurization.Steelmaking Conference Proceedings.1998:384-396.
[72] G A Irons,R I L Guthrie.The kinetics of molten iron desulfurization using magnesium vapor.Metallugical Transactions B.1981,12(l2B):755-767.
[73] 余永军.喷吹 CaO-Mg 粉剂剂铁水脱硫工艺分析及其参数优化.东北大学硕士学位论文:2000.
[74] J F Elliot,M Gleiser.Thermochemistry for steelmaking.Addison-Wesley Publishing.1960.
[75] O Kubaschewki,C B Alock.Metallurgical thermo-chemistry.5th edition.London:Pergamon Press.1979:267-323.
[76] P K Iwamasa and R J Fruehan.A kinetic model demonstrating the effect of FeO in the slag and silicon in the metal on hot metal desulfurization . Steelmaking Conference Pro- ceedings.1998:384-396.
[77] 陈辉,喻淑仁.镁在铁水脱硫中的应用.炼钢.1999,15(4):9-13.
[78] Jorge Zertuche.Optimization of hot metal desulfurization at AHMSA.Iron and Steel Engineer.1998,3:35-38.
[79] 郭汉杰.金属镁粒铁水脱硫过程动力学.钢铁.2007,42(5):37-41.
[80] 吴巍,胡砚斌.喷吹法铁水脱硫反应动力学分析研究.钢铁.2006,41(11):17-19.
[81] 刘义.唐钢-炼钢厂铁水预脱硫工艺应用研究.河北理工大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[82] 唐萍,文光华,薛伟峰等.重钢铁水喷粉脱硫工艺参数研究.重庆工业高等专科学校学报.2002,17 (10):36-38.
[83] 王俭编著.渣图集.北京:冶金工业出版社.1989.
[84] 张信昭.喷粉冶金基本原理.北京:冶金工业出版社.1988.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |