鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂岩储层的成岩作用研究与孔隙成岩演化分析
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摘要
利用岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定、X—射线衍射分析、粒度分析、阴极发光、扫描电镜、毛管压力、包裹体测温及成分分析等分析测试手段,系统研究储层的成岩作用特征、孔隙结构特征,结合盆地埋藏—热演化史研究孔隙成岩演化历史不仅具有重要的理论价值,而且对油气勘探部署和有利勘探目标的选择具有实际指导意义。
本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界主要含气层位上二叠统盒8、山1段储层成岩作用、孔隙结构特征、物性特征等方面的综合研究认为:
储层经历的成岩作用类型主要有压实和压溶作用、胶结作用、交代蚀变作用、重结晶作用和溶解作用。成岩演化阶段主要为晚成岩的B期至C期。储集空间多以各类孔隙的复合形式出现,以次生溶孔和高岭石晶间微孔为主,原生粒间孔隙在孔隙构成中居于次要地位。渗透率的变化主要与孔隙发育程度以及孔喉大小、孔喉之间的连通程度有关。压实作用和胶结作用是造成本区储层物性降低的主要原因。由于埋藏条件的差异,研究区东、西部成岩孔隙演化特征明显不同。西部地区石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩的原始孔隙度均值分别为35.1%、34.1%和33.6%,在经历了早成岩A至晚成岩B—C期的演化过程后,现今的孔隙度均值分别为9.2%,10.6%和9.7%;东部地区岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩的原始孔隙度均值分别为34.3%和33.6%,演化至今分别为9.8%和9.3%。砂岩次生孔隙主要是成岩晚期阶段的碳酸以及有机酸对长石等硅酸盐矿物、凝灰质填隙物以及碳酸盐矿物的溶蚀造成的,油气侵位及构造热事件对原生孔隙的保存及次生孔隙的形成起到了积极作用。研究区在中侏罗世末—早白垩世末期间经历了两期明显的烃类流体的充注。两期烃类充注分别以较低温度(80～110℃)的低—中等成熟度的烃类和较高温度(120～140℃)的高成熟度的烃类充注为特征。砂岩优质储层主要受物源及源区母岩性质、成岩作用与成岩相等因素的共同控制。石英砂岩是最有利于孔隙形成和保存的岩石类型,其次为岩屑石英砂岩。位于致密相之间的绿泥石薄膜石英弱加大胶结混合孔隙相、粘土杂基混合充填溶蚀相以及自生高岭石胶结晶间孔相是发育优质储层的良好成岩相带。微裂缝一方面使砂岩中的各种孔隙连通,提高了砂岩的储集性能,另一方面充当了天然气运移的输导管的作用。
It is of important theoretical value and guiding significance of exploration arrangement for oil and natural gas, the choice of the favorable exploration targets to study diagenesis characteristics and pore structures based upon detailed description and observation of drilling cores, and various analytical and measurement methods including identification and quantitative statistics of thin sections under microscope, grain size analysis, analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron scan microscope (ESM), capillary pressure, cathodeluminescence, and measurement of homogeneous temperature for inclusions, and study pores diagenetic evolution history combined with burial and thermal evolution history of the Ordos Basin.
After the comprehensive research of the diagenesis characteristics, pore structure characteristics, physical properties characteristics of the main gas bearing strata H 8 and Shan 1 reservoir of the upper palaeozoic formation, Ordos Basin, holds that:
This study is Research shows that quartzrenite, sublitharenite and litharenite predominate in reservoir rocks. Diagenesis types include compaction, cementation, metasomatism and alteration, recrystallization and dissolution. The sandstones have experienced a diagenetic evolution from early diagenetic phase to later diagenetic phase. Pore spaces always occur as the combination form, and are mainly of secondary dissolution pores and kaolinite intercrystalline micopores. The primary intergranular pore takes a second place.
The changes of the permeability are controlled by the development of the pores, and have a relationship to the size of pore throat and the connecting degree between pores and troats. Mechanical compaction and cementation were the main factor caused the loss of primary pores.
Due to the buried condition differences between the east and west area, that the pore evolution characteristics under the diagenesis history are obviously different. The primary porosity of quartzrenite, sublitharenite and litharenite of western area are respectively 35.1%, 34.1% and 33.6%, when experienced a diagenetic evolution from early diagenetic phase A to later diagenetic phase B and C, their present porosity are respectively 9.2%, 10.6% and 9.7%. The primary porosity of sublitharenite and litharenite of eastern area are respectively 34.3% and 33.6%, and nowadays are 9.8% and 9.3%.
The secondary pores of the sandstones were formed by the dissolution of the aluminosilicate, tuffaceous interstitial material and carbonate minerals effect by the carbonic acid and organic acid produced in late diagenesis stage. Hydrocarbon emplacement and tectonic thermal event act a positive role in the preservation of the primary pore and the formation of the secondary pores.
There were two stages of hydrocarbon fluid injection between terminal middle jurassic and Late Early Cretaceous. Which characteristics separately as low temperature (80-110℃) low- middle matured hydrocarbon and higher temperature (120-140℃) high matured hydrocarbon.
High -quality sandstone reservoirs are common controlled by material source and mother rock properties, diagenesis and diagenetical facies. Quartz sandstone was the sandstone type that benefit to the pore to be reserved and formation. The quartz overgrowth cementation mixture pores diagenetic facies, authigenic kaolinite cementation inter-crystal pores diagenetic facies, and clay matrix filling dissolution facies that distributing between the dense diagenetic facies are the most profitable diagenetic zones for developing high-quality reservoirs. Micro-fractures on one hand make the pores connect, improve the reservoir quality of the sandstones. On the other hand, act as the role that transporting petroleum.
本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界主要含气层位上二叠统盒8、山1段储层成岩作用、孔隙结构特征、物性特征等方面的综合研究认为:
储层经历的成岩作用类型主要有压实和压溶作用、胶结作用、交代蚀变作用、重结晶作用和溶解作用。成岩演化阶段主要为晚成岩的B期至C期。储集空间多以各类孔隙的复合形式出现,以次生溶孔和高岭石晶间微孔为主,原生粒间孔隙在孔隙构成中居于次要地位。渗透率的变化主要与孔隙发育程度以及孔喉大小、孔喉之间的连通程度有关。压实作用和胶结作用是造成本区储层物性降低的主要原因。由于埋藏条件的差异,研究区东、西部成岩孔隙演化特征明显不同。西部地区石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩的原始孔隙度均值分别为35.1%、34.1%和33.6%,在经历了早成岩A至晚成岩B—C期的演化过程后,现今的孔隙度均值分别为9.2%,10.6%和9.7%;东部地区岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩的原始孔隙度均值分别为34.3%和33.6%,演化至今分别为9.8%和9.3%。砂岩次生孔隙主要是成岩晚期阶段的碳酸以及有机酸对长石等硅酸盐矿物、凝灰质填隙物以及碳酸盐矿物的溶蚀造成的,油气侵位及构造热事件对原生孔隙的保存及次生孔隙的形成起到了积极作用。研究区在中侏罗世末—早白垩世末期间经历了两期明显的烃类流体的充注。两期烃类充注分别以较低温度(80～110℃)的低—中等成熟度的烃类和较高温度(120～140℃)的高成熟度的烃类充注为特征。砂岩优质储层主要受物源及源区母岩性质、成岩作用与成岩相等因素的共同控制。石英砂岩是最有利于孔隙形成和保存的岩石类型,其次为岩屑石英砂岩。位于致密相之间的绿泥石薄膜石英弱加大胶结混合孔隙相、粘土杂基混合充填溶蚀相以及自生高岭石胶结晶间孔相是发育优质储层的良好成岩相带。微裂缝一方面使砂岩中的各种孔隙连通,提高了砂岩的储集性能,另一方面充当了天然气运移的输导管的作用。
It is of important theoretical value and guiding significance of exploration arrangement for oil and natural gas, the choice of the favorable exploration targets to study diagenesis characteristics and pore structures based upon detailed description and observation of drilling cores, and various analytical and measurement methods including identification and quantitative statistics of thin sections under microscope, grain size analysis, analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron scan microscope (ESM), capillary pressure, cathodeluminescence, and measurement of homogeneous temperature for inclusions, and study pores diagenetic evolution history combined with burial and thermal evolution history of the Ordos Basin.
After the comprehensive research of the diagenesis characteristics, pore structure characteristics, physical properties characteristics of the main gas bearing strata H 8 and Shan 1 reservoir of the upper palaeozoic formation, Ordos Basin, holds that:
This study is Research shows that quartzrenite, sublitharenite and litharenite predominate in reservoir rocks. Diagenesis types include compaction, cementation, metasomatism and alteration, recrystallization and dissolution. The sandstones have experienced a diagenetic evolution from early diagenetic phase to later diagenetic phase. Pore spaces always occur as the combination form, and are mainly of secondary dissolution pores and kaolinite intercrystalline micopores. The primary intergranular pore takes a second place.
The changes of the permeability are controlled by the development of the pores, and have a relationship to the size of pore throat and the connecting degree between pores and troats. Mechanical compaction and cementation were the main factor caused the loss of primary pores.
Due to the buried condition differences between the east and west area, that the pore evolution characteristics under the diagenesis history are obviously different. The primary porosity of quartzrenite, sublitharenite and litharenite of western area are respectively 35.1%, 34.1% and 33.6%, when experienced a diagenetic evolution from early diagenetic phase A to later diagenetic phase B and C, their present porosity are respectively 9.2%, 10.6% and 9.7%. The primary porosity of sublitharenite and litharenite of eastern area are respectively 34.3% and 33.6%, and nowadays are 9.8% and 9.3%.
The secondary pores of the sandstones were formed by the dissolution of the aluminosilicate, tuffaceous interstitial material and carbonate minerals effect by the carbonic acid and organic acid produced in late diagenesis stage. Hydrocarbon emplacement and tectonic thermal event act a positive role in the preservation of the primary pore and the formation of the secondary pores.
There were two stages of hydrocarbon fluid injection between terminal middle jurassic and Late Early Cretaceous. Which characteristics separately as low temperature (80-110℃) low- middle matured hydrocarbon and higher temperature (120-140℃) high matured hydrocarbon.
High -quality sandstone reservoirs are common controlled by material source and mother rock properties, diagenesis and diagenetical facies. Quartz sandstone was the sandstone type that benefit to the pore to be reserved and formation. The quartz overgrowth cementation mixture pores diagenetic facies, authigenic kaolinite cementation inter-crystal pores diagenetic facies, and clay matrix filling dissolution facies that distributing between the dense diagenetic facies are the most profitable diagenetic zones for developing high-quality reservoirs. Micro-fractures on one hand make the pores connect, improve the reservoir quality of the sandstones. On the other hand, act as the role that transporting petroleum.
引文
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