铀矿废石堆覆盖处理及稳定化研究
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摘要
多年来,我国在铀矿勘探过程中,产生了大量的放射性铀矿废石,由于历史的原因,大部分废石一直处于未治理状态。这些铀矿废石堆严重地影响着当地的生态环境和居民的健康。因此,针对铀矿地质系统放射性废石堆的退役整治,已成为一项紧迫的工作。
本研究以xx矿田工作区xx矿区的KD-8废石场作为对象,在KD-8废石场顶部划出3块试验场地,分别以红壤、腐殖土和煤渣作为覆盖材料,对铀矿废石堆进行覆盖和稳定化试验。采用双区扩散理论为基础,经相关近似处理后,推导出适用于多层覆盖体系和单层覆盖体系的覆盖层厚度X_c与表面氡析出率J_t之间的数学关系式:X_c≥(?)+A,试验表明,该关系式用于工程实际是合理和可行的。
进行了红壤、腐殖土和煤渣等三种覆盖材料不同覆盖密度和不同覆盖厚度下氡析出率和贯穿辐射剂量率的监测,研究覆盖密度及气象因素对氡析出率和贯穿辐射剂量率的影响及变化,以及覆盖厚度与氡析出率之间的定量关系。
将一定密度和厚度为80cm的三种覆盖材料分别覆盖在相应的试验场地,并在覆盖物表面栽种植物,进行喷淋试验,植物根系和渗透液检测,分析植被及降水在不同覆盖材料中对相关核素的吸收及渗透迁移影响。
试验表明,覆盖物密度和覆盖层厚度越大,氡析出率和贯穿辐射剂量率越低,但有一个适宜的厚度。红壤和煤渣的氡扩散系数比腐殖土要小,降氡效果较好。风速、气温、大气压、空气温度及降雨等气象因素影响氡的扩散系数,使氡的析出率发生变化。植物对特征核素的吸收有限,雨水渗透带出的离子和核素有限,表明植被和雨水未形成对放射源转移的潜在危害,覆盖治理铀矿废石堆具有良好的稳定性。利用固体废物煤渣作为覆盖材料,为铀矿废石堆治理提出了一种以废治废的经济有效方法。
本研究对我国铀矿地质系统废石堆的退役整治具有借鉴作用和参考价值。
For many years, in the uranium mine exploration course, our country has produced massive radioactive uranium mine scrap rock.. For the historical reason, the majority of scrap rocks is not at the government condition continuously. These uranium mine waste stone piles are affecting the local ecological environment and inhabitant's health seriously. So the uranium mine radioactivity waste stone pile retirement improvement of the geological system has become a urgent work.
In this paper, the object of cover test is the KD-8 waste rock piles of xx mine of xx diggings. Three testing sites are chosen on the top surface of KD-8. The lateritic soil, humus soil and cinder are used as the cover materials to cover and stabilize these testing sites, respectively. The Radon-attenuation model is built on the basis of the double region diffusion theory with the simplified formula: , which is adapted to the multi-coverage systems and single-coverage system for calculating the radon release rate J_t for various cover thickness X_c. The resultsindicate that it is reasonable and feasible to use the formula to evaluate the project practice.
The cover materials with different cover density and cover thickness were used to monitor the radon release rate and the gamma radiation dose rate, to analyze the effect and trend of cover density on the radon release rate and gamma radiation dose rate and to analyze the quantitative relationship between the cover thickness and the radon release rate.
The three cover materials with certain density and 80cm thickness were used to cover the three testing sites, respectively. The plant is planted on the cover surface for spray test and root and penetrating fluid detection. The effects of the vegetation and precipitation in different cover materials on the infiltration and migration of the relative nuclides were investigated.
The results show that the larger the cover density and thickness are the smaller the radon release rate and the level of gamma radiation, but there is a reasonable cover thickness. The radon difrusivity of the humus soil is greater than these of the lateritic soil and cinder, so its radon reduction is less effective. The meteorological parameters, such as wind speed, temperature, atmospheric pressure and others, have dissimilar impact on the radon release rate. The relative nuclides' absorbability of the vegetations and the rainfall penetration are slightly different and very small, which indicates that there is no potential radioactive harm to the vegetation and rainfall. There is a good stability of covering disposing uranium mine waste rock piles. The use of solid wastes as cover materials for the uranium mine radioactivity waste stone pile management presents an effective method for treating waste with waste.
The research has positive guidance and reference for the uranium mine's decommissioning and disposal in our country.
本研究以xx矿田工作区xx矿区的KD-8废石场作为对象,在KD-8废石场顶部划出3块试验场地,分别以红壤、腐殖土和煤渣作为覆盖材料,对铀矿废石堆进行覆盖和稳定化试验。采用双区扩散理论为基础,经相关近似处理后,推导出适用于多层覆盖体系和单层覆盖体系的覆盖层厚度X_c与表面氡析出率J_t之间的数学关系式:X_c≥(?)+A,试验表明,该关系式用于工程实际是合理和可行的。
进行了红壤、腐殖土和煤渣等三种覆盖材料不同覆盖密度和不同覆盖厚度下氡析出率和贯穿辐射剂量率的监测,研究覆盖密度及气象因素对氡析出率和贯穿辐射剂量率的影响及变化,以及覆盖厚度与氡析出率之间的定量关系。
将一定密度和厚度为80cm的三种覆盖材料分别覆盖在相应的试验场地,并在覆盖物表面栽种植物,进行喷淋试验,植物根系和渗透液检测,分析植被及降水在不同覆盖材料中对相关核素的吸收及渗透迁移影响。
试验表明,覆盖物密度和覆盖层厚度越大,氡析出率和贯穿辐射剂量率越低,但有一个适宜的厚度。红壤和煤渣的氡扩散系数比腐殖土要小,降氡效果较好。风速、气温、大气压、空气温度及降雨等气象因素影响氡的扩散系数,使氡的析出率发生变化。植物对特征核素的吸收有限,雨水渗透带出的离子和核素有限,表明植被和雨水未形成对放射源转移的潜在危害,覆盖治理铀矿废石堆具有良好的稳定性。利用固体废物煤渣作为覆盖材料,为铀矿废石堆治理提出了一种以废治废的经济有效方法。
本研究对我国铀矿地质系统废石堆的退役整治具有借鉴作用和参考价值。
For many years, in the uranium mine exploration course, our country has produced massive radioactive uranium mine scrap rock.. For the historical reason, the majority of scrap rocks is not at the government condition continuously. These uranium mine waste stone piles are affecting the local ecological environment and inhabitant's health seriously. So the uranium mine radioactivity waste stone pile retirement improvement of the geological system has become a urgent work.
In this paper, the object of cover test is the KD-8 waste rock piles of xx mine of xx diggings. Three testing sites are chosen on the top surface of KD-8. The lateritic soil, humus soil and cinder are used as the cover materials to cover and stabilize these testing sites, respectively. The Radon-attenuation model is built on the basis of the double region diffusion theory with the simplified formula: , which is adapted to the multi-coverage systems and single-coverage system for calculating the radon release rate J_t for various cover thickness X_c. The resultsindicate that it is reasonable and feasible to use the formula to evaluate the project practice.
The cover materials with different cover density and cover thickness were used to monitor the radon release rate and the gamma radiation dose rate, to analyze the effect and trend of cover density on the radon release rate and gamma radiation dose rate and to analyze the quantitative relationship between the cover thickness and the radon release rate.
The three cover materials with certain density and 80cm thickness were used to cover the three testing sites, respectively. The plant is planted on the cover surface for spray test and root and penetrating fluid detection. The effects of the vegetation and precipitation in different cover materials on the infiltration and migration of the relative nuclides were investigated.
The results show that the larger the cover density and thickness are the smaller the radon release rate and the level of gamma radiation, but there is a reasonable cover thickness. The radon difrusivity of the humus soil is greater than these of the lateritic soil and cinder, so its radon reduction is less effective. The meteorological parameters, such as wind speed, temperature, atmospheric pressure and others, have dissimilar impact on the radon release rate. The relative nuclides' absorbability of the vegetations and the rainfall penetration are slightly different and very small, which indicates that there is no potential radioactive harm to the vegetation and rainfall. There is a good stability of covering disposing uranium mine waste rock piles. The use of solid wastes as cover materials for the uranium mine radioactivity waste stone pile management presents an effective method for treating waste with waste.
The research has positive guidance and reference for the uranium mine's decommissioning and disposal in our country.
引文
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[3]温志坚,陈璋如.我国干旱地区放射性废(矿)石治理效果研究[J].世界核工业地质协会.2007,24(3):157-160.
[4]潘英杰,李玉成,薛建新等.我国铀矿冶设施退役治理现状及对策[A].全国核与辐射设施退役学术研讨会论文集[C]北京,中国核学会,2007.
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