通风井导向孔注浆堵漏及其失效机理研究
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摘要
随着地下工程技术的快速发展,施工难题也越来越多,注浆作为一种常用的地下工程加固技术得到了广泛的应用,同时也是解决复杂地下工程水害和加固软弱地层行之有效的途径。
在采用注浆技术处理地下工程问题中,因缺乏工程经验和理论依据,在对注浆加固工法的选择、施工工艺和注浆设备的优选、注浆范围以及注浆性能指标的确定、注浆质量的施工操作控制以及对注浆效果的检验评价等工作,往往带有很大的随意性和盲目性,以致国内外某些注浆工程花费了昂贵的代价,但没有达到预期的注浆效果,因而引发不同程度乃至灾害性的事故,其中许多事故的发生与注浆效果检验工作有关,所以注浆效果的检验越来越受到人们的关注。对于注浆效果分析方面的研究十分必要和紧迫,而研究结果必将在实际工程中创造巨大的社会效益和经济效益。
本文首先叙述了注浆技术和效果分析在国内外的发展及研究现状,同时对相关理论成果进行了总结,对影响注浆效果的因素进行了详细分析,并对注浆效果探查方法进行分类及选用考虑,针对目前缺少明确判别标准的情况下给出了注浆效果的相关评定方法及标准。
同时,结合通风井导向孔漏失注入水泥浆液护壁堵漏工程实例,对注浆效果进行分析,采用钻孔摄像技术获取钻孔漏失部位信息,对漏失的原因及漏层性质进行分析,提出了注浆护壁堵漏方案等解决办法并对施工情况进行了介绍,在多种方案都失效的基础上采用薄壁圆环理论对其破坏机理进行分析,并建立了裂隙岩体注浆理论及浆液扩散模型,为其试验研究提供理论基础。
其次,针对工程实际开展室内模拟试验,观察浆液扩散的全过程、分析浆液的注入能力、影响注浆效果的因素等,通过试验结果导出它们之间的关系式,进一步分析与验证了注浆堵漏失效的原因,为解决钻孔漏失问题有了规律性的认识。
最后,通过研究表明：钻孔漏失是反井法施工中常面临的难题,应及时采取有效的预防和治理措施,而水泥堵漏是常见方法之一,但必须结合工程的实际,选择和探讨适合漏失层特征的堵漏材料、工艺和方法。论文从工程实例出发,对其堵漏失效的原因进行分析,并最终提出钻孔漏失的处治措施,对类似工程问题具有一定的可行性和应用价值,对解决工程实际问题具有很强的现实指导意义。
With the rapid development of underground engineering technology, there are more and more difficulties. As a kind of common underground engineering reinforcement technique, grouting has been widely used. At the same time, it is also an effective way to solve the complex underground water hazards and strengthen the soft groud.
Owing to the lack of engineering experience and theoretical basis, there are often much randomness and blindness in using grouting to solve the underground engineering problems, sush as:choosing the method,workmanship and the equioment of grouting reinforcement, determinity of the grouting range and the performance indexes, controling the operation of grouting's quality and testing the grouting reinforcement effect and so on. Something dearly has been paid on the grouting engineering abroad without achieving the expected effect, and there are many different degrees and severe accidents. Many of these accidents have something to do with the check of the grouting effect. So people pay more attention to the grouting effect inspection. Research on grouting effect analysis is very necessary and pressing, and the results will creat huge social benefits and economic benefits in practical projects.
This paper firstly describles the development of the grouting technology and effect analysis status in the domestric and foreign and the present research, and at the same time, it also summarizes the related theoretical achievements, analyzes the factors which can influence the grouting effect, and classifies and chooses the grouting effect methods. In view of the current lack of clear judgment standard, it gives relevant evaluating method and standard of grouting effect.
Meanwhile, combining with drilling cement grout slurry-supported engineering examples, grouting effect is analyzed. And the camera technology is used for drilling holes position information. The paper analyzes the cause of the loss and leakage layer properties and the slurry-supported plugging scheme of grouting solution and introduces the construction. Based on the failing schemes, I use thin-wall circle theory to analyze the failure mechanism, and set up the fractured rock mass grouting theory and slurry diffusion model, and provide theoretical foundation for other experimental studies.
Secondly, according to engineering practices, I conduct indoors simulation tests, observing the whole process of slurry diffusion, analysizing the ability of the slurry injection and factors influencing grouting effect. The relation among the factors is deduced according to the experiment results, and I analyze and check the reasons of the grouting failure and take cognizance of solving the drilling loss problem.
Finally, the research shows that drilling loss is very common problem in drilling Wells construction, It should take timely and effective prevention and controling measures, and the cement plugging is one of the common methods. But it must combine with the engineering practice to choose and discuss the material, process and method which are fit for the characteristics of the thief zone. Starting from the engineering projects, this paper puts forward the reason and the disposal measures of plugging failure and has feasibility and the application value to the similar engineering problems, and also very good practical significance to solve the practical problems.
在采用注浆技术处理地下工程问题中,因缺乏工程经验和理论依据,在对注浆加固工法的选择、施工工艺和注浆设备的优选、注浆范围以及注浆性能指标的确定、注浆质量的施工操作控制以及对注浆效果的检验评价等工作,往往带有很大的随意性和盲目性,以致国内外某些注浆工程花费了昂贵的代价,但没有达到预期的注浆效果,因而引发不同程度乃至灾害性的事故,其中许多事故的发生与注浆效果检验工作有关,所以注浆效果的检验越来越受到人们的关注。对于注浆效果分析方面的研究十分必要和紧迫,而研究结果必将在实际工程中创造巨大的社会效益和经济效益。
本文首先叙述了注浆技术和效果分析在国内外的发展及研究现状,同时对相关理论成果进行了总结,对影响注浆效果的因素进行了详细分析,并对注浆效果探查方法进行分类及选用考虑,针对目前缺少明确判别标准的情况下给出了注浆效果的相关评定方法及标准。
同时,结合通风井导向孔漏失注入水泥浆液护壁堵漏工程实例,对注浆效果进行分析,采用钻孔摄像技术获取钻孔漏失部位信息,对漏失的原因及漏层性质进行分析,提出了注浆护壁堵漏方案等解决办法并对施工情况进行了介绍,在多种方案都失效的基础上采用薄壁圆环理论对其破坏机理进行分析,并建立了裂隙岩体注浆理论及浆液扩散模型,为其试验研究提供理论基础。
其次,针对工程实际开展室内模拟试验,观察浆液扩散的全过程、分析浆液的注入能力、影响注浆效果的因素等,通过试验结果导出它们之间的关系式,进一步分析与验证了注浆堵漏失效的原因,为解决钻孔漏失问题有了规律性的认识。
最后,通过研究表明：钻孔漏失是反井法施工中常面临的难题,应及时采取有效的预防和治理措施,而水泥堵漏是常见方法之一,但必须结合工程的实际,选择和探讨适合漏失层特征的堵漏材料、工艺和方法。论文从工程实例出发,对其堵漏失效的原因进行分析,并最终提出钻孔漏失的处治措施,对类似工程问题具有一定的可行性和应用价值,对解决工程实际问题具有很强的现实指导意义。
With the rapid development of underground engineering technology, there are more and more difficulties. As a kind of common underground engineering reinforcement technique, grouting has been widely used. At the same time, it is also an effective way to solve the complex underground water hazards and strengthen the soft groud.
Owing to the lack of engineering experience and theoretical basis, there are often much randomness and blindness in using grouting to solve the underground engineering problems, sush as:choosing the method,workmanship and the equioment of grouting reinforcement, determinity of the grouting range and the performance indexes, controling the operation of grouting's quality and testing the grouting reinforcement effect and so on. Something dearly has been paid on the grouting engineering abroad without achieving the expected effect, and there are many different degrees and severe accidents. Many of these accidents have something to do with the check of the grouting effect. So people pay more attention to the grouting effect inspection. Research on grouting effect analysis is very necessary and pressing, and the results will creat huge social benefits and economic benefits in practical projects.
This paper firstly describles the development of the grouting technology and effect analysis status in the domestric and foreign and the present research, and at the same time, it also summarizes the related theoretical achievements, analyzes the factors which can influence the grouting effect, and classifies and chooses the grouting effect methods. In view of the current lack of clear judgment standard, it gives relevant evaluating method and standard of grouting effect.
Meanwhile, combining with drilling cement grout slurry-supported engineering examples, grouting effect is analyzed. And the camera technology is used for drilling holes position information. The paper analyzes the cause of the loss and leakage layer properties and the slurry-supported plugging scheme of grouting solution and introduces the construction. Based on the failing schemes, I use thin-wall circle theory to analyze the failure mechanism, and set up the fractured rock mass grouting theory and slurry diffusion model, and provide theoretical foundation for other experimental studies.
Secondly, according to engineering practices, I conduct indoors simulation tests, observing the whole process of slurry diffusion, analysizing the ability of the slurry injection and factors influencing grouting effect. The relation among the factors is deduced according to the experiment results, and I analyze and check the reasons of the grouting failure and take cognizance of solving the drilling loss problem.
Finally, the research shows that drilling loss is very common problem in drilling Wells construction, It should take timely and effective prevention and controling measures, and the cement plugging is one of the common methods. But it must combine with the engineering practice to choose and discuss the material, process and method which are fit for the characteristics of the thief zone. Starting from the engineering projects, this paper puts forward the reason and the disposal measures of plugging failure and has feasibility and the application value to the similar engineering problems, and also very good practical significance to solve the practical problems.
引文
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[2]程骁,张凤祥编著,土建注浆施工与效果检测.上海市：同济大学出版社,1998
[3]郭金敏,李永生著,注浆材料及其应用.徐州市：中国矿业大学出版社,2008
[4]岩土注浆理论与工程实例协作组,岩土注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[5]申爱琴,水泥与水泥混凝土[M].人民交通出版社,2000
[6]杜嘉鸿,地下建筑注浆工程简明手册[M].北京：科学技术出版社,1992
[7]杨米加,陈明雄,贺永年,注浆理论的研究现状及发展方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6)： 839-841
[8]谢红亮,灌注桩后注浆技术分析[J].科学之友(B版),2009
[9]邝健政,咎月稳,王杰等,岩土注浆理论与工程实践[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[10]何忠明,裂隙岩体复合防渗堵水浆液试验及作用机理研究[D].博士学位论文,中南大学,2007
[11]王广国,压密注浆机理研究及效果检验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6)：670-673
[12]杜明芳等,压密注浆机理研究及效果检验分析[J].工程力学,1996：352-356
[13]马秀荣,赫哲,岩体注浆理论评述[J].有色矿冶,2001年.Vol.17 No.1：3-6
[14]杜嘉鸿等,高压喷射注浆技术应用现状及新进展[J].探矿工程,1996,4：4-7
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