深水平台钻井钻柱耦合振动及模拟分析
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摘要
深水钻井是当前国内外最前沿的钻井技术之一。由于海上钻井平台处于恶劣的自然环境下,海上钻井比陆上钻井难度大的多、复杂的多。随着世界油气储备的不断减少和需求量的增加,海底油气开采逐渐向深水域和超深水域发展,深水钻井技术问题也越来越引起人们的重视,深水钻井中的一些相关技术问题也成为研究的重点,其中深水钻井钻柱振动问题就是其一。
首先,对半潜式钻井平台的振动问题进行了分析研究。以锚泊定位的半潜式钻井平台为例,分析了半潜式钻井平台的垂荡估算,利用有限元方法建立了半潜式钻井平台的各种平动、扭转振动及各种振动的耦合振动的模型,获得了半潜式钻井平台各种振动的规律。
其次,对深水钻井中的隔水管的力学规律进行了研究。通过对隔水管的复杂力学环境的分析,利用线性微元法建立了隔水管的基本动力学微分方程。对平台漂移情况下隔水管的准静态状况进行了分析,获得了平台漂移情况下隔水管变形及受力的规律;通过隔水管的动态行为的研究,分析了隔水管的横向振动及在各种载荷作用下的动态响应,获得隔水管的横向振动频谱规律和振动模态形式以及平台漂移情况下的动态响应规律。
再次,对深水钻井中钻柱的各种振动问题进行了研究。考虑到深水钻井工程的复杂情况,分别分析了钻井工程中水平井段钻柱轴向振动和直井段钻柱的轴向振动、水平井段钻柱的横向振动及直井段钻进中钻柱的横向振动、水平井段钻进中钻柱的扭转振动、大位移段钻柱的“粘滑”振动及直井段钻柱的扭转振动,利用线性、非线性及有限元等方法建立了各种振动的力学模型,获得了各种振动的频谱规律,并应用于实际。
最后,分析了深水钻井中的各种耦合振动问题。用线性微元法分析了存在流体阻尼情况下钻柱的振动,获得了流体阻尼对钻柱各种振动影响的规律;分析了隔水管振动情况下钻柱的耦合振动,利用有限元法建立了隔水管和钻柱的随机接触的力学模型,分析了钻井平台漂移时隔水管和钻柱的变形及接触作用、隔水管和钻柱系统的横向振动规律以及平台动态行为对隔水管和钻柱系统影响;用有限元方法分析了钻柱的耦合振动,模拟了钻柱轴向、横向及扭转的耦合振动,获得钻柱的各种耦合振动规律;分析了平台振动对钻柱的动态行为的影响,利用有限元法建立了平台振动情况下钻柱动态响应力学模型,用解耦分析法获得了振动的规律。
本文研究对深水钻井中的力学问题具有很强的针对性和实用性,其中涉及到钻井平台、隔水管及钻柱的振动问题,还涉及到各种耦合振动的问题,为深水钻井的设计和安全施工提供可靠的理论依据。
In presence, deep-water drilling is one of the advanced drilling technology at home and abroad. The bad oceanic environment brings very big difficulty to drilling engineering. With the world's decreasing for oil and gas reserves and demand increases, undersea oil and gas exploration has been developed to deep water and ultra deep-water gradually. Deep-water drilling technology problems have increasingly attracted people's attention, related technical problems in deep-water drilling also become a focus of the study, drillstring vibration problem for deep-water drilling is one of problems.
First, the vibration problem of semi-submersible drilling platform has been analyzed. For anchor positioned semi-submersible drilling platform is example, semi-submersible drilling platform vertical vibration is estimated, by using finite element method a variety of translational, torsional vibration and various vibration coupled vibration model of semi-submersible drilling platform are established, the rule of various vibraiton are obtained.
Second, the mechanical problems of the marine riser in deep-water drilling project are studied. Through the analysis of the complex mechanical environment of riser, the basic kinetic equation of marine riser has established using linear micro-element method. Under the across drift of the platform the marine riser for quasi-static conditions is analyzed, the laws of deformation and stress of marine riser are obtained under platform drift; the dynamic behavior of marine riser has been studied, lateral vibration of marine riser and dynamic response under a variety of loads are analysed, the lateral vibration spectrum, vibration mode and the law of the dynamic response under platform drift are obtained.
Third, a variety of drillstring vibration problem of deep-water drilling has been studied. Taking into account the complexities of deep-water drilling project, drillstring axial vibration of horizontal part drilling and drillstring axial vibration of vertical part drilling are studied. Drill string lateral vibration of the horizontal part drilling and the lateral vibration of drill string of vertical part drilling are studied. Drill string torsional vibration of the horizontal part drilling, "stick-slip"of Extended Reach part and drill string torsional vibration of vertical part drilling are analyzed. The mechanical models are astablished by using linear, nonlinear and finite element method, the frequency rules are obtainend and the rules are used for actual problem.
Forth, a variety of coupled vibration problem in deep-water drilling is analysed. The vibrations of drill string under the existence of fluid damping are studied by using linear micro-element method, the law of a variety of fluid damping vibration of the drill system is obtained. Coupled vibration of the drill string under marine riser vibration is studied, random contact mechanics model of the riser and the drill string is established by using FEM, the deformation and contact of riser and drill string under drilling platform drift are analyzed, and the effect about dynamic behavior of platform to the system of marine riser and drill string are studied. Various freedom degrees of coupled vibration of drill string is studied by using finite element method, the axial, lateral and torsional coupled vibration of drillstring are simulated, a variety of coupled vibration of drill string are obtained. The effect of vibration of the drilling platform to the dynamic behavior of drill string is analysed, the mechanical model of drill string dynamic response under platform vibration is established by using FEM, the rule of vibration is obtained using decoupled analysis.
This paper has highly targeted and practical on mechanical issue of the deep-water drilling, includes the platform vibration, marine riser mechanics and drill string vibration, and a variaty of coupled vibraiton, it can provide reliable theoretical basis for the design and construction safety of deep-water drilling.
首先,对半潜式钻井平台的振动问题进行了分析研究。以锚泊定位的半潜式钻井平台为例,分析了半潜式钻井平台的垂荡估算,利用有限元方法建立了半潜式钻井平台的各种平动、扭转振动及各种振动的耦合振动的模型,获得了半潜式钻井平台各种振动的规律。
其次,对深水钻井中的隔水管的力学规律进行了研究。通过对隔水管的复杂力学环境的分析,利用线性微元法建立了隔水管的基本动力学微分方程。对平台漂移情况下隔水管的准静态状况进行了分析,获得了平台漂移情况下隔水管变形及受力的规律;通过隔水管的动态行为的研究,分析了隔水管的横向振动及在各种载荷作用下的动态响应,获得隔水管的横向振动频谱规律和振动模态形式以及平台漂移情况下的动态响应规律。
再次,对深水钻井中钻柱的各种振动问题进行了研究。考虑到深水钻井工程的复杂情况,分别分析了钻井工程中水平井段钻柱轴向振动和直井段钻柱的轴向振动、水平井段钻柱的横向振动及直井段钻进中钻柱的横向振动、水平井段钻进中钻柱的扭转振动、大位移段钻柱的“粘滑”振动及直井段钻柱的扭转振动,利用线性、非线性及有限元等方法建立了各种振动的力学模型,获得了各种振动的频谱规律,并应用于实际。
最后,分析了深水钻井中的各种耦合振动问题。用线性微元法分析了存在流体阻尼情况下钻柱的振动,获得了流体阻尼对钻柱各种振动影响的规律;分析了隔水管振动情况下钻柱的耦合振动,利用有限元法建立了隔水管和钻柱的随机接触的力学模型,分析了钻井平台漂移时隔水管和钻柱的变形及接触作用、隔水管和钻柱系统的横向振动规律以及平台动态行为对隔水管和钻柱系统影响;用有限元方法分析了钻柱的耦合振动,模拟了钻柱轴向、横向及扭转的耦合振动,获得钻柱的各种耦合振动规律;分析了平台振动对钻柱的动态行为的影响,利用有限元法建立了平台振动情况下钻柱动态响应力学模型,用解耦分析法获得了振动的规律。
本文研究对深水钻井中的力学问题具有很强的针对性和实用性,其中涉及到钻井平台、隔水管及钻柱的振动问题,还涉及到各种耦合振动的问题,为深水钻井的设计和安全施工提供可靠的理论依据。
In presence, deep-water drilling is one of the advanced drilling technology at home and abroad. The bad oceanic environment brings very big difficulty to drilling engineering. With the world's decreasing for oil and gas reserves and demand increases, undersea oil and gas exploration has been developed to deep water and ultra deep-water gradually. Deep-water drilling technology problems have increasingly attracted people's attention, related technical problems in deep-water drilling also become a focus of the study, drillstring vibration problem for deep-water drilling is one of problems.
First, the vibration problem of semi-submersible drilling platform has been analyzed. For anchor positioned semi-submersible drilling platform is example, semi-submersible drilling platform vertical vibration is estimated, by using finite element method a variety of translational, torsional vibration and various vibration coupled vibration model of semi-submersible drilling platform are established, the rule of various vibraiton are obtained.
Second, the mechanical problems of the marine riser in deep-water drilling project are studied. Through the analysis of the complex mechanical environment of riser, the basic kinetic equation of marine riser has established using linear micro-element method. Under the across drift of the platform the marine riser for quasi-static conditions is analyzed, the laws of deformation and stress of marine riser are obtained under platform drift; the dynamic behavior of marine riser has been studied, lateral vibration of marine riser and dynamic response under a variety of loads are analysed, the lateral vibration spectrum, vibration mode and the law of the dynamic response under platform drift are obtained.
Third, a variety of drillstring vibration problem of deep-water drilling has been studied. Taking into account the complexities of deep-water drilling project, drillstring axial vibration of horizontal part drilling and drillstring axial vibration of vertical part drilling are studied. Drill string lateral vibration of the horizontal part drilling and the lateral vibration of drill string of vertical part drilling are studied. Drill string torsional vibration of the horizontal part drilling, "stick-slip"of Extended Reach part and drill string torsional vibration of vertical part drilling are analyzed. The mechanical models are astablished by using linear, nonlinear and finite element method, the frequency rules are obtainend and the rules are used for actual problem.
Forth, a variety of coupled vibration problem in deep-water drilling is analysed. The vibrations of drill string under the existence of fluid damping are studied by using linear micro-element method, the law of a variety of fluid damping vibration of the drill system is obtained. Coupled vibration of the drill string under marine riser vibration is studied, random contact mechanics model of the riser and the drill string is established by using FEM, the deformation and contact of riser and drill string under drilling platform drift are analyzed, and the effect about dynamic behavior of platform to the system of marine riser and drill string are studied. Various freedom degrees of coupled vibration of drill string is studied by using finite element method, the axial, lateral and torsional coupled vibration of drillstring are simulated, a variety of coupled vibration of drill string are obtained. The effect of vibration of the drilling platform to the dynamic behavior of drill string is analysed, the mechanical model of drill string dynamic response under platform vibration is established by using FEM, the rule of vibration is obtained using decoupled analysis.
This paper has highly targeted and practical on mechanical issue of the deep-water drilling, includes the platform vibration, marine riser mechanics and drill string vibration, and a variaty of coupled vibraiton, it can provide reliable theoretical basis for the design and construction safety of deep-water drilling.
引文
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