三相四线多重化有源电力滤波器控制策略研究
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摘要
有源电力滤波器(APF)是一种用于电网谐波治理和功率补偿的电力电子装置,能够改善电网供电系统的电能质量。近年来,一方面随着电力电子技术的快速发展,大量的电力电子装置广泛应用于社会生活和工业领域中,其非线性特性给电网中注入了大量的谐波,造成供电系统电能质量的恶化；另一方面科学技术的不断进步,越来越多的高精尖精密设备的出现对电网供电系统电能质量的要求越来越高。随着这一矛盾越来越突出,有源电力滤波器将会得到更加广阔的发展前景。本文围绕三相四线并联型多重化有源电力滤波器展开了研究。
本文首先介绍了有源电力滤波器的研究背景；综述了前人对于并联型有源电力滤波器所做的研究工作,包括国内外研究现状、常用谐波电流检测算法和常用主电路控制算法；总结了有源电力滤波器的发展趋势。对于本论文研究工作的开展做了铺垫。比较分析了三相四线并联型有源电力滤波器的几种拓扑结构,本文采用四桥臂式变流器多重化主电路。基于有源电力滤波器一定的补偿容量,该拓扑结构的优点在于能够降低单个功率器件的开关频率,成倍等效地提高系统的整体开关频率,提高了系统的补偿效果。
分析了基于瞬时功率理论的ip-iq谐波电流检测算法和特定次谐波电流检测算法,在此基础上采用了改进型的瞬时功率ip-iq谐波电流综合检测算法,该谐波控制算法较传统的ip-iq法具有更高的谐波电流检测精度,能够更好地控制有源电力滤波器中的有功分量,提高系统功率因数；而相比于特定次谐波检测算法,该检测算法计算量小,计算速度快,具有更好的检测实时性,系统动态跟踪响应快。
介绍了载波相移SPWM控制技术在多重化主电路中的应用,并研究了LCL输出滤波器的工作特性,接着对主电路直流母线电压的控制做了分析研究。在此基础上,本文提出了一种基于LCL滤波的主电路双闭环控制策略。该控制策略不仅能有效地跟踪谐波指令电流产生谐波补偿电流,减少高频开关纹波,而且很好地抑制了多重化主电路变流器之间的环流,提高了整个系统的补偿效果。
最后研制出一台三相四线并联型多重化有源电力滤波器,并介绍了装置相关的硬件电路的设计和系统软件程序的设计,以及主电路参数设计。通过MATLAB系统仿真和APF装置实验运行,验证了文中所提控制算法的正确性和可行性。
Active power filter (APF) is a kind of power electronic devices used for grid harmonic control and power compensation to improve the power quality of grid power supply system. In recent years, on the one hand, with the rapid development of power electronics technology, a large number of power electronic devices are widely used in social life and the industrial field, its nonlinear characteristics inject in a large number of harmonics to the grid, resulting in the power quality deterioration of power supply system; On the other hand, the continuous progress of science and technology, more and more sophisticated precision equipments have become increasingly demanding. With the contradiction more and more prominent, active power filter will be broad prospects for development. This thesis focuses on the three-phase four-wire shunt Active Power Filter using multiple converters to study.
The thesis summarizes the research background of the active power filter of previous work, including research status, the harmonic current detection algorithm and the main circuit control algorithm; and summarizes the development trend of the active power filter. Through the comparative analysis of several types topology of three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter, the thesis uses four-leg converter of the main multiple circuits. Based on a certain compensation capacity of active power filter, the advantage of this topology can reduce the switching frequency of power devices, exponentially increases the equivalent switching frequency of the overall system.
The thesis analyzes the iv-iq harmonic current detection algorithm based on instantaneous power theory and the random harmonic current detection algorithm. Then, the thesis uses an improved instantaneous power ip-iq harmonic current detection algorithm. Compared the traditional ip-iq method, this control algorithm has higher harmonic current detection accuracy, and can better control the active component in the active power filter; and compared to the random harmonic detection algorithm, this detection algorithm has little calculated amount, can improve the computation speed and better detection of real-time.
The thesis analyzes the carrier phase shifted SPWM control technique in the multiple main circuits, and analyzes the characteristics of the LCL output filter. Then introduce the voltage control of APF DC bus, and present a soft-starting to avoid the grid current impact when APF starting. On this basis, the thesis presents a dual closed-loop control strategy of the multiple main circuits with the LCL-filter. This control strategy can not only improve the equivalent switching frequency, reduce the pollution of the high frequency switching ripple current, but also inhibit the circulating current between the converters of multiple main circuits, improve the compensation effect of the whole system.
Finally, develop a three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter using multiple converters, and describe the device hardware circuit design and system software design Set up a simulation model and an experimental prototype of the system, and the results show that the control strategy is correct and feasible, and the harmonic compensation effect of the system is well.
本文首先介绍了有源电力滤波器的研究背景；综述了前人对于并联型有源电力滤波器所做的研究工作,包括国内外研究现状、常用谐波电流检测算法和常用主电路控制算法；总结了有源电力滤波器的发展趋势。对于本论文研究工作的开展做了铺垫。比较分析了三相四线并联型有源电力滤波器的几种拓扑结构,本文采用四桥臂式变流器多重化主电路。基于有源电力滤波器一定的补偿容量,该拓扑结构的优点在于能够降低单个功率器件的开关频率,成倍等效地提高系统的整体开关频率,提高了系统的补偿效果。
分析了基于瞬时功率理论的ip-iq谐波电流检测算法和特定次谐波电流检测算法,在此基础上采用了改进型的瞬时功率ip-iq谐波电流综合检测算法,该谐波控制算法较传统的ip-iq法具有更高的谐波电流检测精度,能够更好地控制有源电力滤波器中的有功分量,提高系统功率因数；而相比于特定次谐波检测算法,该检测算法计算量小,计算速度快,具有更好的检测实时性,系统动态跟踪响应快。
介绍了载波相移SPWM控制技术在多重化主电路中的应用,并研究了LCL输出滤波器的工作特性,接着对主电路直流母线电压的控制做了分析研究。在此基础上,本文提出了一种基于LCL滤波的主电路双闭环控制策略。该控制策略不仅能有效地跟踪谐波指令电流产生谐波补偿电流,减少高频开关纹波,而且很好地抑制了多重化主电路变流器之间的环流,提高了整个系统的补偿效果。
最后研制出一台三相四线并联型多重化有源电力滤波器,并介绍了装置相关的硬件电路的设计和系统软件程序的设计,以及主电路参数设计。通过MATLAB系统仿真和APF装置实验运行,验证了文中所提控制算法的正确性和可行性。
Active power filter (APF) is a kind of power electronic devices used for grid harmonic control and power compensation to improve the power quality of grid power supply system. In recent years, on the one hand, with the rapid development of power electronics technology, a large number of power electronic devices are widely used in social life and the industrial field, its nonlinear characteristics inject in a large number of harmonics to the grid, resulting in the power quality deterioration of power supply system; On the other hand, the continuous progress of science and technology, more and more sophisticated precision equipments have become increasingly demanding. With the contradiction more and more prominent, active power filter will be broad prospects for development. This thesis focuses on the three-phase four-wire shunt Active Power Filter using multiple converters to study.
The thesis summarizes the research background of the active power filter of previous work, including research status, the harmonic current detection algorithm and the main circuit control algorithm; and summarizes the development trend of the active power filter. Through the comparative analysis of several types topology of three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter, the thesis uses four-leg converter of the main multiple circuits. Based on a certain compensation capacity of active power filter, the advantage of this topology can reduce the switching frequency of power devices, exponentially increases the equivalent switching frequency of the overall system.
The thesis analyzes the iv-iq harmonic current detection algorithm based on instantaneous power theory and the random harmonic current detection algorithm. Then, the thesis uses an improved instantaneous power ip-iq harmonic current detection algorithm. Compared the traditional ip-iq method, this control algorithm has higher harmonic current detection accuracy, and can better control the active component in the active power filter; and compared to the random harmonic detection algorithm, this detection algorithm has little calculated amount, can improve the computation speed and better detection of real-time.
The thesis analyzes the carrier phase shifted SPWM control technique in the multiple main circuits, and analyzes the characteristics of the LCL output filter. Then introduce the voltage control of APF DC bus, and present a soft-starting to avoid the grid current impact when APF starting. On this basis, the thesis presents a dual closed-loop control strategy of the multiple main circuits with the LCL-filter. This control strategy can not only improve the equivalent switching frequency, reduce the pollution of the high frequency switching ripple current, but also inhibit the circulating current between the converters of multiple main circuits, improve the compensation effect of the whole system.
Finally, develop a three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter using multiple converters, and describe the device hardware circuit design and system software design Set up a simulation model and an experimental prototype of the system, and the results show that the control strategy is correct and feasible, and the harmonic compensation effect of the system is well.
引文
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[2]周英俊.电力系统高次谐波的危害[学位论文].重庆,重庆建筑大学,1999.
[3]尹慧,许彦.有源滤波器的研究现状及前景展望[J].电力电容器与武功补偿,2010(3):27-32.
[4]马娇.三相并联型有源滤波器谐波检测与补偿控制技术的仿真研究[学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2011,3-4.
[5]伍海军.并联型有源电力滤波器的研究与设计[学位论文].长沙,中南大学,2011,4-5.
[6]鞠建永.并联有源电力滤波器工程应用关键技术的研究[学位论文].杭州,浙江大学,2009,3-5.
[7]谢斌.并联型有源电力滤波器谐波检测及控制技术研究[学位论文].武汉,华中科技大学,2010,11-17.
[8]卓放,王跃,王兆安.三相四线制电路中的瞬时无功功率及有源电力滤波器[J].电工技术杂志,2001(4)：1-4.
[9]FURUHASHI T, OKUMA s. and UCHIKAWA Y. "A study on the theory of instantaneous reactive power", IEEE Trans,1990, vol.37, No.l. pp.86-90.
[10]曹震.三相四桥臂有源电力滤波器的控制与实验研究[学位论文].武汉,华中科技大学,2008,6-10.
[11]徐明,彭剑,周林.三角波脉宽调制电流控制有源电力滤波器电路参数与跟随性能的关系[J].电力自动化设备,2008(9):60-63.
[12]胡凯.基于单位功率因数和微粒群算法的有源电力滤波器[学位论文]长沙,中南大学,2009,19-20.
[13]梁喆.静止无功发生器无功电流检测和控制方法研究[学位论文].合肥,安徽理工大学,2006.
[14]王一军,吴伟标.一种新型的并联有源滤波器非线性解耦控制方法的研究[J].现代电力,2012(1)：37-41.
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