煤焦油瓷漆研究
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摘要
煤焦油瓷漆(Coal Tar Enamel)是一种传统新型的防腐涂料，已有上百年的应用历史。煤焦油瓷漆之所以能在全世界范围内得到广泛应用，是由于它具有独特的物理化学性能和经济实用性，如粘结性能好、吸水率低、绝缘性能好、不易被植物根茎穿透等等。因此，煤焦油瓷漆在我国管道防腐领域有着广阔的应用前景。
煤焦油瓷漆是一种受原材料来源限制性生产的产品，并不是任何一个国家都可以用当地原材料生产出煤焦油瓷漆，因此利用国产原材料生产出合格的煤焦油瓷漆将对我国管道防腐领域产生重大影响。
虽然煤焦油瓷漆已经得到了广泛的应用，但其工业化生产中还存在着许多问题，诸如选料和生产应用还是停留在以经验为主的基础之上，煤焦油瓷漆的烟气挥发性、毒性和处理在国内外还没有进行过系统、深入的研究，其物理化学性能没有系统的理论分析和科学的衡量标准，这样使得煤焦油瓷漆的工业化生产和应用受到很大限制，难以满足正常生产需要。本文正是为了解决这些问题而进一步开展了对煤焦油瓷漆的研究。本文主要完成了以下几方面的研究工作：
1．从煤焦油瓷漆样品的制备和处理以及煤粉在煤焦油瓷漆中的作用入手，研究提高煤焦油瓷漆的质量，探讨煤粉作用规律及机理，进而确定煤粉的性能指标，为生产中煤粉原料的选择提供理论和实验依据。从而避免了生产中的盲目性，极大地扩大了煤焦油瓷漆生产用煤粉的来源；
2．通过对煤焦油瓷漆热性能、流变性能的研究，并测定煤焦油瓷漆的比热、比重、粘度、导热系数与温度或剪切作用之间的关系，为生产煤焦油瓷漆的装置设计提供必要的工艺参数，为改进煤焦油瓷漆的生产工艺，提高煤焦油瓷漆质量提供了指导；
3．煤焦油瓷漆的烟气挥发性是该产品能否得到广泛应用的关键性能指标之一，本文通过一系列的实验研究得出了煤焦油瓷漆烟气对生物体影响的定性和定量结论，对于煤焦油瓷漆的推广应用有着重要的指导意义；
4．烟气处理是煤焦油瓷漆生产的必要环节，本文以实验研究为基础，
完成了工业装置的设计，通过现场应用实践证明，该产品各项指标均达到
了国家规定的各项环境标准要求；
5．本文对煤焦油瓷漆的热稳定性、新旧瓷漆配合比、钢管温度和涂
敷温度等方面对其物理性能的影响进行了实验研究，研究结果对煤焦油瓷
漆的施工和使用具有指导性，对于进一步提高煤焦油瓷漆产品的综合性能
和扩大其应用范围有着重要的意义。
综上所述，本文通过对煤焦油瓷漆的研究，实现了利用国产原材料生
产出符合国内外标准要求的煤焦油瓷漆，改进了工艺，提高了质量，解决
了环保问题，从而解决了目前我国煤焦油瓷漆工业生产中急待解诀的技术
难题，提高了我国煤焦油瓷漆工业生产和应用的整体技术水平，己在我国
4000公里（约占20％）以上的长输管道上得到了广泛应用。在国内外首
先确定出了煤粉的技术指标，系统的研究了煤焦油瓷漆烟气对生物体的影
响，具有较高的学术价值。研究结果对于煤焦油瓷漆的生产和应用具有重
要的实际意义，为我国长输管道的发展（包括西气东输）提供了技术保证。
Coal-tar enamel is both an old pipe coating material and a new one. The history of its applications is over a century. Because coal-tar enamel has unique physical chemistry performance and economy practicability, such as good adhesion, excellent water resistance, high electrical resistivity, resistance to root penetration and so on. This shows that coal-tar enamel will be widely used in the pipeline protection area of our country in the future.
The coal-tar enamel is a kind of product that is restricted by the source of the raw materials. Not all of the country can produce coal-tar enamel with their own raw materials. So, to produce coal-tar enamel with domestic raw materials will be deeply influnce in our pipeline protection area.
Though coal-tar enamel has been used widely, there are some problems in industrialization manufacture. Material choice, manufacture and applications rest on the experience. The research of the volatility, toxicity and disposal of the smoke of coal-tar enamel has not been taken out deeply and by the members inside and outside the country. And the physical chemistry performance has no analysis in theory and scientific measure standard. So, the industrialization manufacture and applications of coal-tar enamel are limited and difficult to meet the yield needs. To solve these problems, this article studies the performance of coal-tar enamel. The tasks finished are listed as follows:
1. Start with the production and treatment of coal-tar enamel sample and the coal-powder's function, it is studied that how to improve the quality of coal-tar enamel. This provides the choice of coal-powder material with academic basis, avoids the blindness of manufacture and enormously enlarges the source of coal powder.
2. The thermal and rheological property is studied and the relations between specific heat, specific gravity, viscosity, heat conduction factor and temperature or shears are determined. These provide some necessary
parameters for the equipments' design of coal-tar enamel's producing and direct the production.
3. The volatility of coal-tar enamel is one of the important performances that can affect the applied area of this coating. After a series of experiments, this paper educes a conclusion about how the flue dust of coal-tar enamel working on the organism. This conclusion is very meaningful for the coal-tar enamel's general application.
4. Flue dust treatment is a necessary step in the processing of coal-tar enamel. Based on the research of the experiments, this paper has designed a new industry device. This device has been proved by field practice that each target of the product has reached the requirement of environment criterions.
5. The experiments with the influence on the physical performance of coal-tar enamel's heat-stability, new-old enamel ratio, the temperature of the steel tube and the coating temperature has been done. The research result can coach the perform and application of coal-tar enamel and it is great meaningful to improve the integrate performance and enlarge the apply area of coal-tar enamel.
In one word, the research on coal-tar enamel in this paper has solved presently actual problem of its industry production and application. It has been taken to fact that we can produce good coal-tar enamel by the raw materials made in our country, which is widely used in 4000km (more than 20%) pipeline. The producing and coating technology of coal-tar enamel has been improved and developed. The process has been advanced, the quality has been improved, and the environment problem has been solved. So the urgent technique problem in the industrialized production of coal-tar enamel has been solved and the whole technique level in industrialized production and application has been improved. The technical target of coal-powder has been firstly ensured in the world in this paper. The influence of the coal-tar enamel flue dust to the organism has been discussed in this paper. Anyway, the results will be actual meaningful to the coal-tar enamel's p
煤焦油瓷漆是一种受原材料来源限制性生产的产品，并不是任何一个国家都可以用当地原材料生产出煤焦油瓷漆，因此利用国产原材料生产出合格的煤焦油瓷漆将对我国管道防腐领域产生重大影响。
虽然煤焦油瓷漆已经得到了广泛的应用，但其工业化生产中还存在着许多问题，诸如选料和生产应用还是停留在以经验为主的基础之上，煤焦油瓷漆的烟气挥发性、毒性和处理在国内外还没有进行过系统、深入的研究，其物理化学性能没有系统的理论分析和科学的衡量标准，这样使得煤焦油瓷漆的工业化生产和应用受到很大限制，难以满足正常生产需要。本文正是为了解决这些问题而进一步开展了对煤焦油瓷漆的研究。本文主要完成了以下几方面的研究工作：
1．从煤焦油瓷漆样品的制备和处理以及煤粉在煤焦油瓷漆中的作用入手，研究提高煤焦油瓷漆的质量，探讨煤粉作用规律及机理，进而确定煤粉的性能指标，为生产中煤粉原料的选择提供理论和实验依据。从而避免了生产中的盲目性，极大地扩大了煤焦油瓷漆生产用煤粉的来源；
2．通过对煤焦油瓷漆热性能、流变性能的研究，并测定煤焦油瓷漆的比热、比重、粘度、导热系数与温度或剪切作用之间的关系，为生产煤焦油瓷漆的装置设计提供必要的工艺参数，为改进煤焦油瓷漆的生产工艺，提高煤焦油瓷漆质量提供了指导；
3．煤焦油瓷漆的烟气挥发性是该产品能否得到广泛应用的关键性能指标之一，本文通过一系列的实验研究得出了煤焦油瓷漆烟气对生物体影响的定性和定量结论，对于煤焦油瓷漆的推广应用有着重要的指导意义；
4．烟气处理是煤焦油瓷漆生产的必要环节，本文以实验研究为基础，
完成了工业装置的设计，通过现场应用实践证明，该产品各项指标均达到
了国家规定的各项环境标准要求；
5．本文对煤焦油瓷漆的热稳定性、新旧瓷漆配合比、钢管温度和涂
敷温度等方面对其物理性能的影响进行了实验研究，研究结果对煤焦油瓷
漆的施工和使用具有指导性，对于进一步提高煤焦油瓷漆产品的综合性能
和扩大其应用范围有着重要的意义。
综上所述，本文通过对煤焦油瓷漆的研究，实现了利用国产原材料生
产出符合国内外标准要求的煤焦油瓷漆，改进了工艺，提高了质量，解决
了环保问题，从而解决了目前我国煤焦油瓷漆工业生产中急待解诀的技术
难题，提高了我国煤焦油瓷漆工业生产和应用的整体技术水平，己在我国
4000公里（约占20％）以上的长输管道上得到了广泛应用。在国内外首
先确定出了煤粉的技术指标，系统的研究了煤焦油瓷漆烟气对生物体的影
响，具有较高的学术价值。研究结果对于煤焦油瓷漆的生产和应用具有重
要的实际意义，为我国长输管道的发展（包括西气东输）提供了技术保证。
Coal-tar enamel is both an old pipe coating material and a new one. The history of its applications is over a century. Because coal-tar enamel has unique physical chemistry performance and economy practicability, such as good adhesion, excellent water resistance, high electrical resistivity, resistance to root penetration and so on. This shows that coal-tar enamel will be widely used in the pipeline protection area of our country in the future.
The coal-tar enamel is a kind of product that is restricted by the source of the raw materials. Not all of the country can produce coal-tar enamel with their own raw materials. So, to produce coal-tar enamel with domestic raw materials will be deeply influnce in our pipeline protection area.
Though coal-tar enamel has been used widely, there are some problems in industrialization manufacture. Material choice, manufacture and applications rest on the experience. The research of the volatility, toxicity and disposal of the smoke of coal-tar enamel has not been taken out deeply and by the members inside and outside the country. And the physical chemistry performance has no analysis in theory and scientific measure standard. So, the industrialization manufacture and applications of coal-tar enamel are limited and difficult to meet the yield needs. To solve these problems, this article studies the performance of coal-tar enamel. The tasks finished are listed as follows:
1. Start with the production and treatment of coal-tar enamel sample and the coal-powder's function, it is studied that how to improve the quality of coal-tar enamel. This provides the choice of coal-powder material with academic basis, avoids the blindness of manufacture and enormously enlarges the source of coal powder.
2. The thermal and rheological property is studied and the relations between specific heat, specific gravity, viscosity, heat conduction factor and temperature or shears are determined. These provide some necessary
parameters for the equipments' design of coal-tar enamel's producing and direct the production.
3. The volatility of coal-tar enamel is one of the important performances that can affect the applied area of this coating. After a series of experiments, this paper educes a conclusion about how the flue dust of coal-tar enamel working on the organism. This conclusion is very meaningful for the coal-tar enamel's general application.
4. Flue dust treatment is a necessary step in the processing of coal-tar enamel. Based on the research of the experiments, this paper has designed a new industry device. This device has been proved by field practice that each target of the product has reached the requirement of environment criterions.
5. The experiments with the influence on the physical performance of coal-tar enamel's heat-stability, new-old enamel ratio, the temperature of the steel tube and the coating temperature has been done. The research result can coach the perform and application of coal-tar enamel and it is great meaningful to improve the integrate performance and enlarge the apply area of coal-tar enamel.
In one word, the research on coal-tar enamel in this paper has solved presently actual problem of its industry production and application. It has been taken to fact that we can produce good coal-tar enamel by the raw materials made in our country, which is widely used in 4000km (more than 20%) pipeline. The producing and coating technology of coal-tar enamel has been improved and developed. The process has been advanced, the quality has been improved, and the environment problem has been solved. So the urgent technique problem in the industrialized production of coal-tar enamel has been solved and the whole technique level in industrialized production and application has been improved. The technical target of coal-powder has been firstly ensured in the world in this paper. The influence of the coal-tar enamel flue dust to the organism has been discussed in this paper. Anyway, the results will be actual meaningful to the coal-tar enamel's p
引文
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