基于损伤累积效应的PC桥梁疲劳性能演化分析
|
摘要
桥梁及其构造物作为交通运输领域的重要结构工程,不仅承担着繁重的运输承载任务,更关系到国家和人民的财产和生命。面对日益多样增加的运输任务和复杂多变自然环境,桥梁及其构造物损毁和局部损伤频发。因此,桥梁结构工程的耐久性及安全性更趋重要,科研工作者开始逐步审视桥梁设计、施工、运营及维护中的问题及其解决方法。本文尝试从结构损伤累积效应的角度,在桥梁从施工到运营阶段乃至结构全寿命周期中,通过建立基于预制的损伤累积数值模型,分析研究桥梁施工阶段和运营阶段存在的既有损伤及阶段累积损伤,对桥梁结构的影响效应及其疲劳应力(幅)发展规律。通过对PC桥梁的累积损伤及疲劳特性进行定量和定性分析,以期对实际问题的解决有所参考。本文主要研究内容如下：
第一,通过对施工中和运营中桥梁的调查,分析得出桥梁各阶段存在的问题和研究现状,并指出各类损伤及累积损伤可能造成的危害及其引起原因。在提出问题的基础上,提出目前国内外有关桥梁结构损伤及累积损伤研究状况及存在的问题,重点分析了桥梁结构在施工阶段和运营阶段形成的损伤及后期的累积损伤。进而指出PC桥梁结构中大量使用的混凝土及钢筋的疲劳特性,以及由累积损伤引起的材料自身疲劳演化特性。
第二,通过调查和统计既有桥梁结构工程事故,提出了由桥梁损伤及累积损伤引起各类事故的三种原因,即强度退化损伤、刚度退化损伤和耐久性退化损伤,同时指出了三类损伤及累积损伤在桥梁结构中的典型缺陷和表现。有针对性指出了累积损伤变量的表达形式,及其在损伤分析中的考虑因素。在归因的基础上,提出了本文典型累积损伤分析模型的建立方法和思路,并提出了典型累积损伤工况及荷载组合类型。
第三,建立两类桥梁结构累积损伤数值模型,分析研究在预制损伤及累积损伤工况下结构相应力学指标敏感性。某特大跨径刚构桥按四类损伤工况进行了比较分析,分别对累积损伤造成的应力和线形的影响做了详细比较分析。结果表明对于三向预应力体系箱梁结构,纵向预应力损失或过张拉造成的损伤及累积损伤对结构线形和应力变化较敏感。同时,箱梁弯曲刚度的折减引起结构纵向上下缘正应力变化影响较为可观。某黄河特大桥按实际非正常施工情况进行损伤建模,考虑了最大悬臂状态处于冬季凌汛期的停工时间累积效应,研究了在此类损伤累积对桥梁结构施工和运营阶段的受力和安全影响。结果表明,在当前设计和施工状况下,结构在最大悬臂不利工况效应、混凝土随时间的收缩徐变效应及施工阶段对成桥力学效应影响较小,该桥在施工阶段和成桥阶段具有良好的受力和安全性能。通过对两类典型累积损伤模型分析及其结论,明确了类似工程的施工和运营阶段累积损伤造成的作用效应特性。
第四,在上述桥梁损伤及累积损伤研究的基础上,建立了桥梁结构考虑累积损伤条件下的疲劳特性模型,比较研究各类累积损伤分析模型考虑的因素和分析参数。进而,基于实测交通统计分析数据及累损伤分析理论,提出了适用于内蒙古运煤专线公路桥梁的标准疲劳车辆荷载及布载原则。
第五,依据上述提出的累积损伤分析模型及分析工况,以某特大跨刚构桥为实例进行疲劳特性分析和验算,得出了在运煤专线公路桥梁标准疲劳车辆荷载作用下结构的应力幅及位移幅演化规律曲线。结果表明,对于典型的三跨PC桥梁,中跨跨中截面和边跨跨中截面的各参数变化幅度较为明显,应引起足够重视。
最后对研究工作进行了总结,给出了研究中的得到的若干主要结论。同时,在桥梁疲劳累积损伤领域研究中需要进一步研究和有待解决的问题及对该课题的展望。
As the important structure in the field of transportation, the bridge and its members are not only undertaking the transport task, but also are related to the life of us and the property of our country. In the modern times, with the development of the transportation, which is heavier and higher frequency, so the damages from the whole or the local of the bridge are incurred more and more. In this way, the durability and safety of the bridge are payed more attention to and the design, construction, operation and maintenance are investigated and discussed by the bridge engineers and researchers. From the aspect of fatigue accumulated damage of the structures, and from the construction stage to operation stage or the life cycles of the bridge, base on the considering the damage in these fields, the damage effect would be analyzed systematically. Such as stress amplitude and displacement amplitude, the damage effects and fatigue characters from damage would be demonstrated from the determine and fix quantify. The main researches in the thesis are following:
(1) Based on the investigating of the bridge in the stage of construction and operation, the current problems in the times and the endangers were introduced by the damage in it. And the fatigue damages and internal damages were emphasized much more. In the other hand, the fatigue characters of the concrete and steel were discussed which are applied widely in the PC bridge.
(2) From the various accidents of the bridges in these times, three kinds of reasons were put forward:retrograde strength, retrograde stiffness and retrograde durability and stated defects and phenomenons in the bridge engineerings. The variable quantities of damage the applying principles were raised in the general. From the aspects of three reasons, the foundation of the FEM model of accumulated damages was set up and the working conditions in this model.
(3) The above FEM model of accumulated damages was put into the two bridges engineerings, and the working conditions were calculated subtly. Taking the long span rigid frame bridge as the example, effects from the damage about the stress and the deformation were compared and summarized. And take the Huanghe bridge as the other example, especially the abnormal construction stage was considered. So the accumulated damage affection was demonstrated and compared.In the end, the results are valuable in the engineerings.
(4) The analysis model of bridge fatigue character with considering the damage was put forward. In the model considering the possible factors that caused the damages, the theory would be the support of the following researches. Based on the statistic analysis of the amount of traffic flow and the accumulated damages theory, the standard traffic truck loading was proposed and applied which was fit for the operation condition in the above FEM model.
(5) According to the above model and working conditions, the fatigue evolutional characters of the bridge were analyzed on condition of accumulated damage. Most of all, taking the long span rigid frame bridge as the example, the fatigue ranges curves of stress and deformation were obtained entirety with all kinds of working conditions.The results demonstrate that the parameters of the midspans were sensitive and should be taken seriously.
At last, the summary of the thesis and main conclusions were raised.In the following research, the problems and prospects were also raised which are all important in the fatigue damage research task.
第一,通过对施工中和运营中桥梁的调查,分析得出桥梁各阶段存在的问题和研究现状,并指出各类损伤及累积损伤可能造成的危害及其引起原因。在提出问题的基础上,提出目前国内外有关桥梁结构损伤及累积损伤研究状况及存在的问题,重点分析了桥梁结构在施工阶段和运营阶段形成的损伤及后期的累积损伤。进而指出PC桥梁结构中大量使用的混凝土及钢筋的疲劳特性,以及由累积损伤引起的材料自身疲劳演化特性。
第二,通过调查和统计既有桥梁结构工程事故,提出了由桥梁损伤及累积损伤引起各类事故的三种原因,即强度退化损伤、刚度退化损伤和耐久性退化损伤,同时指出了三类损伤及累积损伤在桥梁结构中的典型缺陷和表现。有针对性指出了累积损伤变量的表达形式,及其在损伤分析中的考虑因素。在归因的基础上,提出了本文典型累积损伤分析模型的建立方法和思路,并提出了典型累积损伤工况及荷载组合类型。
第三,建立两类桥梁结构累积损伤数值模型,分析研究在预制损伤及累积损伤工况下结构相应力学指标敏感性。某特大跨径刚构桥按四类损伤工况进行了比较分析,分别对累积损伤造成的应力和线形的影响做了详细比较分析。结果表明对于三向预应力体系箱梁结构,纵向预应力损失或过张拉造成的损伤及累积损伤对结构线形和应力变化较敏感。同时,箱梁弯曲刚度的折减引起结构纵向上下缘正应力变化影响较为可观。某黄河特大桥按实际非正常施工情况进行损伤建模,考虑了最大悬臂状态处于冬季凌汛期的停工时间累积效应,研究了在此类损伤累积对桥梁结构施工和运营阶段的受力和安全影响。结果表明,在当前设计和施工状况下,结构在最大悬臂不利工况效应、混凝土随时间的收缩徐变效应及施工阶段对成桥力学效应影响较小,该桥在施工阶段和成桥阶段具有良好的受力和安全性能。通过对两类典型累积损伤模型分析及其结论,明确了类似工程的施工和运营阶段累积损伤造成的作用效应特性。
第四,在上述桥梁损伤及累积损伤研究的基础上,建立了桥梁结构考虑累积损伤条件下的疲劳特性模型,比较研究各类累积损伤分析模型考虑的因素和分析参数。进而,基于实测交通统计分析数据及累损伤分析理论,提出了适用于内蒙古运煤专线公路桥梁的标准疲劳车辆荷载及布载原则。
第五,依据上述提出的累积损伤分析模型及分析工况,以某特大跨刚构桥为实例进行疲劳特性分析和验算,得出了在运煤专线公路桥梁标准疲劳车辆荷载作用下结构的应力幅及位移幅演化规律曲线。结果表明,对于典型的三跨PC桥梁,中跨跨中截面和边跨跨中截面的各参数变化幅度较为明显,应引起足够重视。
最后对研究工作进行了总结,给出了研究中的得到的若干主要结论。同时,在桥梁疲劳累积损伤领域研究中需要进一步研究和有待解决的问题及对该课题的展望。
As the important structure in the field of transportation, the bridge and its members are not only undertaking the transport task, but also are related to the life of us and the property of our country. In the modern times, with the development of the transportation, which is heavier and higher frequency, so the damages from the whole or the local of the bridge are incurred more and more. In this way, the durability and safety of the bridge are payed more attention to and the design, construction, operation and maintenance are investigated and discussed by the bridge engineers and researchers. From the aspect of fatigue accumulated damage of the structures, and from the construction stage to operation stage or the life cycles of the bridge, base on the considering the damage in these fields, the damage effect would be analyzed systematically. Such as stress amplitude and displacement amplitude, the damage effects and fatigue characters from damage would be demonstrated from the determine and fix quantify. The main researches in the thesis are following:
(1) Based on the investigating of the bridge in the stage of construction and operation, the current problems in the times and the endangers were introduced by the damage in it. And the fatigue damages and internal damages were emphasized much more. In the other hand, the fatigue characters of the concrete and steel were discussed which are applied widely in the PC bridge.
(2) From the various accidents of the bridges in these times, three kinds of reasons were put forward:retrograde strength, retrograde stiffness and retrograde durability and stated defects and phenomenons in the bridge engineerings. The variable quantities of damage the applying principles were raised in the general. From the aspects of three reasons, the foundation of the FEM model of accumulated damages was set up and the working conditions in this model.
(3) The above FEM model of accumulated damages was put into the two bridges engineerings, and the working conditions were calculated subtly. Taking the long span rigid frame bridge as the example, effects from the damage about the stress and the deformation were compared and summarized. And take the Huanghe bridge as the other example, especially the abnormal construction stage was considered. So the accumulated damage affection was demonstrated and compared.In the end, the results are valuable in the engineerings.
(4) The analysis model of bridge fatigue character with considering the damage was put forward. In the model considering the possible factors that caused the damages, the theory would be the support of the following researches. Based on the statistic analysis of the amount of traffic flow and the accumulated damages theory, the standard traffic truck loading was proposed and applied which was fit for the operation condition in the above FEM model.
(5) According to the above model and working conditions, the fatigue evolutional characters of the bridge were analyzed on condition of accumulated damage. Most of all, taking the long span rigid frame bridge as the example, the fatigue ranges curves of stress and deformation were obtained entirety with all kinds of working conditions.The results demonstrate that the parameters of the midspans were sensitive and should be taken seriously.
At last, the summary of the thesis and main conclusions were raised.In the following research, the problems and prospects were also raised which are all important in the fatigue damage research task.
引文
[1]宗周红,高铭霖,夏樟华.基于健康监测的连续刚构桥有限元模型确认(I)-基于响应面法的有限元模型修正[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(2)：90-97.
[2]秦权.桥梁结构的健康监测[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(2)：37-38.
[3]单德山,李乔,王玉珏.既有多梁式桥梁的损伤识别[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(1)：05-08.
[4]王开凤,张谢东.土木工程结构损伤识别研究[J].公路,2008(1)：154-159.
[5]张治国,张谢东.基于模态分析理论和神经网络的斜拉桥拉索损伤识别研究[J].中南公路工程,2007,,32(2)：67-72.
[6]蔡正东,张谢东.基于小波包分析的结构损伤预警方法研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2010,34(1)：126-129.
[7]张谢东,郭俊峰,余建宜等.山区高墩大跨桥梁施工过程中的风险识别[J].桥梁建设,2008(6)：80-83.
[8]张宇峰等.大跨桥梁结构健康监测及安全评价系统研究与应用进展[J].公路,2005(12)：22-26.
[9]孙晓丹,欧进萍.基于小波包和概率主成份分析的损伤识别[J].工程力学,2011,28(2)：12-17.
[10]胡志坚,常英,乐云祥.基于模糊神经网络的混凝土桥梁状态评估系统研究[J].桥梁建设,2009(1)：19-21.
[11]胡志坚.中小跨径公路混凝土桥梁技术状态评估[M].人民交通出版社,2009.
[12]楼志文.损伤力学基础[M].西安交通大学出版社,1991.
[13]魏保立,董晓马,魏锦辉.连续钢桁梁桥的损伤诊断分析[J].公路,2010(7)：01-04.
[14]江阿兰,王伟哲.桥梁损伤识别数值仿真及试验研究[J].公路,2006(4)：104-107.
[15]交通运输部综合规划司,长安大学运输科学研究院.中国高速公路运输量统计调查分析报告[R].北京：人民交通出版社。2010.
[16]李黎明.基于无线传感的土木工程结构健康监测研究[D].上海：同济大学,2009.
[17]顾祥林,黄庆华,吴周偲.钢筋混凝土柱考虑损伤累积的反复荷载位移关系分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(4)：68-74.
[18]何浩祥,闫维明,彭凌云.基于支持向量机的钢筋混凝土桥梁损伤识别[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(1)：65-69.
[19]中国交通运输部.《公路桥涵钢结构及木结构设计规范》(JTJ025-86)
[20]中国交通运输部.《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTG D60-2004)
[21]中国交通运输部.《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG D62-2004)
[22]中国交通运输部.《公路工程技术标准》(JTG BO1-2003)
[23]李莹.公路钢桥疲劳性能及可靠性研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学桥梁与隧道工程,2008.
[24]冯秀峰.混合配筋部分预应力混凝土梁疲劳性能研究[D].大连：大连理工大学桥梁与隧道工程,2005.
[25]朱劲松.宋玉普混凝土疲劳损伤累积神经网络模型[J].大连理工大学学报,2003,43(3)：332-337.
[26]王瑞敏,赵国藩,宋玉普.混凝土的受压疲劳性能[J].土木工程学报,1991,24(4)：36-47.
[27]王瑞敏,宋玉普,赵国藩.混凝土的疲劳累积损伤准则[J].水利学报,1992,5：72-76.
[28]李朝阳,宋玉普,赵国藩.混凝土疲劳残余应变性能研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2001,41(3)：355-358.
[29]Kihyon Kwon, Dan M. Frangopol.Bridge fatigue reliability assessment using probability density functions of equivalent stress range based on field monitoring data. International Journal of Fatigue, V32 (2010) 1221-1232.
[30]Valter Carvelli, Marco Andrea Pisani, Carlo Poggi.Fatigue behaviour of concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with GFRP bars. Composites:Part B 41 (2010) 560-567.
[31]S. Baragetti, G.M. La Vecchia, A. Terranova.Fatigue behavior and FEM modeling of thin-coated components.International.Journal of Fatigue V25 (2003) 1229-1238.
[32]Rui-Jie Wang, De-Guang Shang, Li-Sen Li, Cheng-Shan Li.Fatigue damage model based on the natural frequency changesfor spot-welded joints. International Journal of Fatigue 30 (2008)1047-1055.
[33]Scott Glenm Shillinglaw.Fatigue damage of steel bridge girders due to dynamic vehicle loads [D].Queen's University,2003.
[34]阳洋,周锡元,金国芳等.连续梁结构损伤识别的改进直接刚度方法[J].工程力学,2010,27(7)：82-91.
[35]赵曼,王新敏,高静.预应力混凝土结构有限元数值分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报.2004.17(1)：79-83.
[36]唐小兵.结构损伤识别及数值模拟[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2004：64-78.
[37]郑栋梁,李中付,华宏星.结构早期损伤识别技术的现状和发展趋势[J].振动工程学报.2002,21(2)：1-6.
[38]邹经湘.结构动力学[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996.3.
[39]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1996.
[40]朱伯芳.有限元分析的原理和应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[41]贺栓海,谢仁物.公路桥梁荷载横向分布计算方法[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1999.
[42]宋一凡.公路桥梁荷载试验与结构评定[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[43]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005.
[44]贺拴海.桥梁结构理论与计算方法[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2003
[45]任剑,赵人达,毛学明.公路桥梁疲劳荷载谱初探[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007,33(1)：34-37.
[46]戴运良,李海超.公路铁路两用钢桥疲劳荷载及其对钢桥影响的研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1996,9(2)：49-53.
[47]童乐为,沈祖炎,陈忠延.城市道路桥梁的疲劳荷载谱[J].土木工程学报,1997,30(5)：20-27.
[48]U. Kocabicak, M. Firat, A simple approach for multiaxial fatigue damage prediction based on FEM post-processing [J]. Materials and Design,2004 (25):73-82.
[49]W.T. Yeunga, J.W. Smith, Damage detection in bridges using neural networks for pattern recognition of vibration signatures [J]. Engineering Structures,2005,(27):685-698.
[50]Abdenour Alliche, Damage model for fatigue loading of concrete [J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2004 (26):915-921.
[51]卢汝生,成彤,王荣辉.桥梁结构疲劳特性分析发展历程[J].公路交通技术,2004,(3)：49-52.
[52]郑小燕.既有连续钢析梁桥剩余寿命评估[D].西安：长安大学桥梁与隧道工程,2005.
[53]夏云龙,预应力混凝土梁桥疲劳可靠性分析[D].西安：长安大学桥梁与隧道工程,2009.
[54]梁新宇.大跨径高墩连续钢构梁桥的动力及稳定性研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学.2006
[55]赵造东,张立翔.服役期间混凝土的损伤累积对结构可靠度的影响分析[J].昆明理工大学学报,2001,26(5)：70-73.
[56]李忠涛.高墩大跨径连续钢构桥结构安全性有限元分析[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006
[57]孙美丽.多级等幅疲劳荷载作用下RPC的疲劳累积损伤研究[D].北京：北京交通大学桥梁与隧道工程,2009.
[58]栾旭光.基于神经网络的桥梁损伤评估[D].长沙：中南大学结构工程,2009.
[59]吴忠河.桥梁用钢筋混凝土空心梁疲劳性能及寿命预测研究[D].长沙：中南大学结构工程,2009.
[60]黎微.三塔混凝土抖拉桥多尺度建模及局部损伤分析[D].长沙：中南大学桥梁与隧道工程,2009.
[61]盖秉政.论疲劳损伤演化的力学模式[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1996,28(1)：144-148.
[62]庞林飞.钢筋混凝土板疲劳损伤识别及疲劳寿命预测[D].南京：东南大学,2004.
[63]潘华,邱洪兴.钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面疲劳性能数值模拟[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(6)：997-1001.
[64]曾志斌,李之榕.普通混凝土梁用钢筋的疲劳S-N曲线研究[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(5)：10-14.
[65]张治国.基于模态分析理论和神经网络的桥梁损伤识别方法研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学道路与铁道工程,2005.
[66]王瑞敏,赵国藩,宋玉普.混凝土的受压疲劳性能研究[J].土木工程学报,1991,24(4)：36-47.
[67]潘华.混凝土受弯构件疲劳性能的试验研究[D].南京：东南大学土木工程学院,2006.
[68]沈祖炎,董宝,曹文街.结构损伤累积分析的研究现状和存在的问题[J].土木工程学报,1997,25(2)：135-140.
[69]王荣辉,池春,陈庆中,甄晓霞.广州市高架桥疲劳荷载车辆模型研究[J].华南理工大学学报,1997,32(12)：94-96.
[70]满洪高,李乔,唐亮.公路钢斜拉桥索梁锚固结构疲劳荷载的确定[J].桥梁建设,2007,(3)：13-16.
[71]周泳涛,翟辉,鲍卫刚,刘延芳.公路桥梁标准疲劳车辆荷载研究公路[J].公路,2009,(12)：21-25.
[72]J.J. Xiong, R.A.Shenoi, A durability model incorporating safe life methodology and damage tolerance approach to assess first inspection and maintenance period for structures[J]. Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2009,94:1251-1258.
[73]R. Perera etl, A fatigue damage model for seismic response of RC structures [J]. Computers and Structures,2000 (78):293-302.
[74]Jayantha A, Epaarachchi, Philip D. Clausen, A new cumulative fatigue damage model for glass fibre reinforced plastic composites under step/discrete loading [J]. Composites:Part A 2005 (36):1236-1245.
[75]Z.X. Li, T.H.T. Chan, J.M. K, Determination of effective stress range and its application on fatigue stress assessment of existing bridges [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2002 (39):2401-2417.
[76]Methee Chiewanichakorn Dynamic and fatigue response of a truss bridge with fiber reinforced polymer deck [J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2007 (29):1475-1489.
[77]Marko Keber, Marian Wiercigroch, Dynamics of a vertical riser with weak structural nonlinearity excited by wakes [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008 (315) 685-699.
[78]R. W. Clough、J. Penziem. Dynamics of Structures[M].Graw Hill Inc,1993.
[79]Kihyon Kwon.Bridge fatigue reliability assessment using probability density functionsof equivalent stress range based on field monitoring data [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2010 (32)1221-1232.
[80]杨咏漪.大跨度桥梁风致抖振疲劳研究[D].成都：西南交通大学桥梁与隧道工程,2008.
[81]汤红卫.基于刚度下降的混凝土梁疲劳累积损伤模型研究[J].铁道学报,2007,29(3)：84-88.
[82]周太全.桥梁构件局部热点应力分析及其疲劳损伤累积过程模拟[D].南京：东南大学结构工程,2003.
[83]李世安.考虑反复荷载作用的部分预应力混凝土梁桥长期挠度计算方法[D].西安：长安大学桥梁与隧道工程,2009.
[84]李星新,汪正兴,任伟新.钢筋混凝土桥梁疲劳时变可靠度分析[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(2)：49-52.
[85]罗许国,戴公连.无黏结预应力高性能粉煤灰混凝土桥梁疲劳损伤计算方法的研究[J].铁道学报,2009,31(6)：76-81.
[86]张连振,黄侨,郑一峰,王宗林.桥梁结构损伤识别理论的研究进展[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(10)：1415-1418.
[2]秦权.桥梁结构的健康监测[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(2)：37-38.
[3]单德山,李乔,王玉珏.既有多梁式桥梁的损伤识别[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(1)：05-08.
[4]王开凤,张谢东.土木工程结构损伤识别研究[J].公路,2008(1)：154-159.
[5]张治国,张谢东.基于模态分析理论和神经网络的斜拉桥拉索损伤识别研究[J].中南公路工程,2007,,32(2)：67-72.
[6]蔡正东,张谢东.基于小波包分析的结构损伤预警方法研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2010,34(1)：126-129.
[7]张谢东,郭俊峰,余建宜等.山区高墩大跨桥梁施工过程中的风险识别[J].桥梁建设,2008(6)：80-83.
[8]张宇峰等.大跨桥梁结构健康监测及安全评价系统研究与应用进展[J].公路,2005(12)：22-26.
[9]孙晓丹,欧进萍.基于小波包和概率主成份分析的损伤识别[J].工程力学,2011,28(2)：12-17.
[10]胡志坚,常英,乐云祥.基于模糊神经网络的混凝土桥梁状态评估系统研究[J].桥梁建设,2009(1)：19-21.
[11]胡志坚.中小跨径公路混凝土桥梁技术状态评估[M].人民交通出版社,2009.
[12]楼志文.损伤力学基础[M].西安交通大学出版社,1991.
[13]魏保立,董晓马,魏锦辉.连续钢桁梁桥的损伤诊断分析[J].公路,2010(7)：01-04.
[14]江阿兰,王伟哲.桥梁损伤识别数值仿真及试验研究[J].公路,2006(4)：104-107.
[15]交通运输部综合规划司,长安大学运输科学研究院.中国高速公路运输量统计调查分析报告[R].北京：人民交通出版社。2010.
[16]李黎明.基于无线传感的土木工程结构健康监测研究[D].上海：同济大学,2009.
[17]顾祥林,黄庆华,吴周偲.钢筋混凝土柱考虑损伤累积的反复荷载位移关系分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(4)：68-74.
[18]何浩祥,闫维明,彭凌云.基于支持向量机的钢筋混凝土桥梁损伤识别[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(1)：65-69.
[19]中国交通运输部.《公路桥涵钢结构及木结构设计规范》(JTJ025-86)
[20]中国交通运输部.《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTG D60-2004)
[21]中国交通运输部.《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG D62-2004)
[22]中国交通运输部.《公路工程技术标准》(JTG BO1-2003)
[23]李莹.公路钢桥疲劳性能及可靠性研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学桥梁与隧道工程,2008.
[24]冯秀峰.混合配筋部分预应力混凝土梁疲劳性能研究[D].大连：大连理工大学桥梁与隧道工程,2005.
[25]朱劲松.宋玉普混凝土疲劳损伤累积神经网络模型[J].大连理工大学学报,2003,43(3)：332-337.
[26]王瑞敏,赵国藩,宋玉普.混凝土的受压疲劳性能[J].土木工程学报,1991,24(4)：36-47.
[27]王瑞敏,宋玉普,赵国藩.混凝土的疲劳累积损伤准则[J].水利学报,1992,5：72-76.
[28]李朝阳,宋玉普,赵国藩.混凝土疲劳残余应变性能研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2001,41(3)：355-358.
[29]Kihyon Kwon, Dan M. Frangopol.Bridge fatigue reliability assessment using probability density functions of equivalent stress range based on field monitoring data. International Journal of Fatigue, V32 (2010) 1221-1232.
[30]Valter Carvelli, Marco Andrea Pisani, Carlo Poggi.Fatigue behaviour of concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with GFRP bars. Composites:Part B 41 (2010) 560-567.
[31]S. Baragetti, G.M. La Vecchia, A. Terranova.Fatigue behavior and FEM modeling of thin-coated components.International.Journal of Fatigue V25 (2003) 1229-1238.
[32]Rui-Jie Wang, De-Guang Shang, Li-Sen Li, Cheng-Shan Li.Fatigue damage model based on the natural frequency changesfor spot-welded joints. International Journal of Fatigue 30 (2008)1047-1055.
[33]Scott Glenm Shillinglaw.Fatigue damage of steel bridge girders due to dynamic vehicle loads [D].Queen's University,2003.
[34]阳洋,周锡元,金国芳等.连续梁结构损伤识别的改进直接刚度方法[J].工程力学,2010,27(7)：82-91.
[35]赵曼,王新敏,高静.预应力混凝土结构有限元数值分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报.2004.17(1)：79-83.
[36]唐小兵.结构损伤识别及数值模拟[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2004：64-78.
[37]郑栋梁,李中付,华宏星.结构早期损伤识别技术的现状和发展趋势[J].振动工程学报.2002,21(2)：1-6.
[38]邹经湘.结构动力学[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996.3.
[39]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1996.
[40]朱伯芳.有限元分析的原理和应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[41]贺栓海,谢仁物.公路桥梁荷载横向分布计算方法[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1999.
[42]宋一凡.公路桥梁荷载试验与结构评定[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[43]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005.
[44]贺拴海.桥梁结构理论与计算方法[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2003
[45]任剑,赵人达,毛学明.公路桥梁疲劳荷载谱初探[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007,33(1)：34-37.
[46]戴运良,李海超.公路铁路两用钢桥疲劳荷载及其对钢桥影响的研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1996,9(2)：49-53.
[47]童乐为,沈祖炎,陈忠延.城市道路桥梁的疲劳荷载谱[J].土木工程学报,1997,30(5)：20-27.
[48]U. Kocabicak, M. Firat, A simple approach for multiaxial fatigue damage prediction based on FEM post-processing [J]. Materials and Design,2004 (25):73-82.
[49]W.T. Yeunga, J.W. Smith, Damage detection in bridges using neural networks for pattern recognition of vibration signatures [J]. Engineering Structures,2005,(27):685-698.
[50]Abdenour Alliche, Damage model for fatigue loading of concrete [J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2004 (26):915-921.
[51]卢汝生,成彤,王荣辉.桥梁结构疲劳特性分析发展历程[J].公路交通技术,2004,(3)：49-52.
[52]郑小燕.既有连续钢析梁桥剩余寿命评估[D].西安：长安大学桥梁与隧道工程,2005.
[53]夏云龙,预应力混凝土梁桥疲劳可靠性分析[D].西安：长安大学桥梁与隧道工程,2009.
[54]梁新宇.大跨径高墩连续钢构梁桥的动力及稳定性研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学.2006
[55]赵造东,张立翔.服役期间混凝土的损伤累积对结构可靠度的影响分析[J].昆明理工大学学报,2001,26(5)：70-73.
[56]李忠涛.高墩大跨径连续钢构桥结构安全性有限元分析[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006
[57]孙美丽.多级等幅疲劳荷载作用下RPC的疲劳累积损伤研究[D].北京：北京交通大学桥梁与隧道工程,2009.
[58]栾旭光.基于神经网络的桥梁损伤评估[D].长沙：中南大学结构工程,2009.
[59]吴忠河.桥梁用钢筋混凝土空心梁疲劳性能及寿命预测研究[D].长沙：中南大学结构工程,2009.
[60]黎微.三塔混凝土抖拉桥多尺度建模及局部损伤分析[D].长沙：中南大学桥梁与隧道工程,2009.
[61]盖秉政.论疲劳损伤演化的力学模式[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1996,28(1)：144-148.
[62]庞林飞.钢筋混凝土板疲劳损伤识别及疲劳寿命预测[D].南京：东南大学,2004.
[63]潘华,邱洪兴.钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面疲劳性能数值模拟[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(6)：997-1001.
[64]曾志斌,李之榕.普通混凝土梁用钢筋的疲劳S-N曲线研究[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(5)：10-14.
[65]张治国.基于模态分析理论和神经网络的桥梁损伤识别方法研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学道路与铁道工程,2005.
[66]王瑞敏,赵国藩,宋玉普.混凝土的受压疲劳性能研究[J].土木工程学报,1991,24(4)：36-47.
[67]潘华.混凝土受弯构件疲劳性能的试验研究[D].南京：东南大学土木工程学院,2006.
[68]沈祖炎,董宝,曹文街.结构损伤累积分析的研究现状和存在的问题[J].土木工程学报,1997,25(2)：135-140.
[69]王荣辉,池春,陈庆中,甄晓霞.广州市高架桥疲劳荷载车辆模型研究[J].华南理工大学学报,1997,32(12)：94-96.
[70]满洪高,李乔,唐亮.公路钢斜拉桥索梁锚固结构疲劳荷载的确定[J].桥梁建设,2007,(3)：13-16.
[71]周泳涛,翟辉,鲍卫刚,刘延芳.公路桥梁标准疲劳车辆荷载研究公路[J].公路,2009,(12)：21-25.
[72]J.J. Xiong, R.A.Shenoi, A durability model incorporating safe life methodology and damage tolerance approach to assess first inspection and maintenance period for structures[J]. Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2009,94:1251-1258.
[73]R. Perera etl, A fatigue damage model for seismic response of RC structures [J]. Computers and Structures,2000 (78):293-302.
[74]Jayantha A, Epaarachchi, Philip D. Clausen, A new cumulative fatigue damage model for glass fibre reinforced plastic composites under step/discrete loading [J]. Composites:Part A 2005 (36):1236-1245.
[75]Z.X. Li, T.H.T. Chan, J.M. K, Determination of effective stress range and its application on fatigue stress assessment of existing bridges [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2002 (39):2401-2417.
[76]Methee Chiewanichakorn Dynamic and fatigue response of a truss bridge with fiber reinforced polymer deck [J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2007 (29):1475-1489.
[77]Marko Keber, Marian Wiercigroch, Dynamics of a vertical riser with weak structural nonlinearity excited by wakes [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008 (315) 685-699.
[78]R. W. Clough、J. Penziem. Dynamics of Structures[M].Graw Hill Inc,1993.
[79]Kihyon Kwon.Bridge fatigue reliability assessment using probability density functionsof equivalent stress range based on field monitoring data [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2010 (32)1221-1232.
[80]杨咏漪.大跨度桥梁风致抖振疲劳研究[D].成都：西南交通大学桥梁与隧道工程,2008.
[81]汤红卫.基于刚度下降的混凝土梁疲劳累积损伤模型研究[J].铁道学报,2007,29(3)：84-88.
[82]周太全.桥梁构件局部热点应力分析及其疲劳损伤累积过程模拟[D].南京：东南大学结构工程,2003.
[83]李世安.考虑反复荷载作用的部分预应力混凝土梁桥长期挠度计算方法[D].西安：长安大学桥梁与隧道工程,2009.
[84]李星新,汪正兴,任伟新.钢筋混凝土桥梁疲劳时变可靠度分析[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(2)：49-52.
[85]罗许国,戴公连.无黏结预应力高性能粉煤灰混凝土桥梁疲劳损伤计算方法的研究[J].铁道学报,2009,31(6)：76-81.
[86]张连振,黄侨,郑一峰,王宗林.桥梁结构损伤识别理论的研究进展[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(10)：1415-1418.