近场地震下考虑二阶效应的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震分析
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摘要
近年来国内外学者对二阶效应与近场地震进行了很多研究,也得到了一些有用的结论。但到目前为止,对二阶效应的研究多见于钢框架和组合结构。在我国现有规范中,当钢筋混凝土框架的刚重比满足一定条件时,可以不考虑二阶效应的影响。然而近场地震下,会对结构造成超出预计的影响,有必要考虑钢筋混凝土框架结构在近场地震下二阶效应的影响。针对这些问题,本文进行了以下几方面的研究：
1.介绍了近场地震的危害性以及近场地震的特点、框架结构的二阶效应以及相关的设计分析方法、结构抗震弹塑性方法。
2.对一个高层钢筋混凝土框架在三组地震记录下进行弹塑性动力时程分析。对比发现近场地震增大了结构对基底剪力、顶点位移和层间位移角的需求,并放大了结构的残余变形。其中,脉冲地震的影响更为显著。并且随着地震动峰值的增加,层间位移角和顶点位移的这种放大作用逐渐增大。二阶效应增大了结构的顶点位移最大值和层间位移角最大值,减小了结构的基底剪力最大值。这种影响随着加速度峰值的增大而增大。其中,近场脉冲地震动的影响依次大于近场非脉冲地震和远场地震。在三类地震动作用下,二阶效应均放大了结构的残余顶点位移反应以及残余层间位移角反应,其中近场脉冲地震的影响依次大于近场非脉冲地震和远场地震。
3.阐述了增量动力分析以及易损性分析的原理,并对一个高层钢筋混凝土框架进行IDA分析,得到了结构的IDA曲线以及易损性曲线,与危险性曲线相结合,得到了结构在各个极限状态的年平均超越概率,并得到了二阶效应对结构IDA结果的影响。
Recently, both foreign and domestic scholars have researched extensively about near-field earthquake and the second order effect. But until now the most researches are about the steel frames and combinated structures. The second order effect can be neglected in our current code if the ratio of stiffness to weight satisfies certain condition when referring to the reinforced concrete frame. Nevertheless, suffering with near-field earthquake, the structure will act beyond common imagination. So the consideration of the second order effect of the reinforced concrete frame under near-field earthquake is necessary. Focused on these problems, this thesis involves the following work:
1. The hazard and the characteristics of near-field earthquake is introduced, and then, the second order effect and the related design methods is summarized. Two kind of elasto-plasitc analysis method are compared.
2. With the method of nonlinear time history analysis, the behavior of a tall reinforced concrete frame is studied under the action of far-field ground motions and near-field ground motions with pulse and without. It is found that the requirement of base shear, top displacement and story drift is magnified under near-field earthquake. This phenomenon is more remarkable under the pulse ground motion. With the PGA becomes larger, this amplification effect increase. The second order effects enlarge the requirement of top displacement and story drift and diminish that of base shear. This influence goes big when the PGA arises. The effect under near-field earthquake with pulse is more prominent than near-field earthquake without pulse and far-field earthquake by sequence. The similar phenomenon appears on the residual top displacement and the residual story drift of the structure.
3. The theory of the incremental dynamic analysis and the vulnerability analysis is described in this paper. The IDA curves and the vulnerability curves are taken from the analysis of a tall reinforced concrete frame. Combined with the seismic hazard curve, the MAF of the structure's each limit state can be calculated. Also, the influence of the second order effect on the IDA results is obtained.
1.介绍了近场地震的危害性以及近场地震的特点、框架结构的二阶效应以及相关的设计分析方法、结构抗震弹塑性方法。
2.对一个高层钢筋混凝土框架在三组地震记录下进行弹塑性动力时程分析。对比发现近场地震增大了结构对基底剪力、顶点位移和层间位移角的需求,并放大了结构的残余变形。其中,脉冲地震的影响更为显著。并且随着地震动峰值的增加,层间位移角和顶点位移的这种放大作用逐渐增大。二阶效应增大了结构的顶点位移最大值和层间位移角最大值,减小了结构的基底剪力最大值。这种影响随着加速度峰值的增大而增大。其中,近场脉冲地震动的影响依次大于近场非脉冲地震和远场地震。在三类地震动作用下,二阶效应均放大了结构的残余顶点位移反应以及残余层间位移角反应,其中近场脉冲地震的影响依次大于近场非脉冲地震和远场地震。
3.阐述了增量动力分析以及易损性分析的原理,并对一个高层钢筋混凝土框架进行IDA分析,得到了结构的IDA曲线以及易损性曲线,与危险性曲线相结合,得到了结构在各个极限状态的年平均超越概率,并得到了二阶效应对结构IDA结果的影响。
Recently, both foreign and domestic scholars have researched extensively about near-field earthquake and the second order effect. But until now the most researches are about the steel frames and combinated structures. The second order effect can be neglected in our current code if the ratio of stiffness to weight satisfies certain condition when referring to the reinforced concrete frame. Nevertheless, suffering with near-field earthquake, the structure will act beyond common imagination. So the consideration of the second order effect of the reinforced concrete frame under near-field earthquake is necessary. Focused on these problems, this thesis involves the following work:
1. The hazard and the characteristics of near-field earthquake is introduced, and then, the second order effect and the related design methods is summarized. Two kind of elasto-plasitc analysis method are compared.
2. With the method of nonlinear time history analysis, the behavior of a tall reinforced concrete frame is studied under the action of far-field ground motions and near-field ground motions with pulse and without. It is found that the requirement of base shear, top displacement and story drift is magnified under near-field earthquake. This phenomenon is more remarkable under the pulse ground motion. With the PGA becomes larger, this amplification effect increase. The second order effects enlarge the requirement of top displacement and story drift and diminish that of base shear. This influence goes big when the PGA arises. The effect under near-field earthquake with pulse is more prominent than near-field earthquake without pulse and far-field earthquake by sequence. The similar phenomenon appears on the residual top displacement and the residual story drift of the structure.
3. The theory of the incremental dynamic analysis and the vulnerability analysis is described in this paper. The IDA curves and the vulnerability curves are taken from the analysis of a tall reinforced concrete frame. Combined with the seismic hazard curve, the MAF of the structure's each limit state can be calculated. Also, the influence of the second order effect on the IDA results is obtained.
引文
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[3]孙利民,范立础.阪神地震后日本桥梁抗震设计规范的改订.同济大学学报,2001,29(1)：60-64
[4]张敏政,刘洁平.土耳其伊兹米特地震(1999,M7.4)的强地震动.世界地震工程,2000,16(2)：1-7
[5]行政院主计处秘书处.台湾集集地震工程震害概况.国家地震科学数据研究中心http://smsd-iem.net/index.asp,2006-06-29
[6]央视网. 胡锦涛同志在总结表彰大会上发表重要讲话http://news.cctv.com/china/20081008/103396.shtml,2008-10-08
[7]4.14玉树地震.http://baike.baidu.com/view/3481647.htm?fr=ala0_1, 2010-4-25
[8]Iwan W D. Drift spectrum:Measure of demand for earthquake ground motions. Journal of Structural Engineering,1997,123(4):397-404
[9]徐伟,王静爱,史培军等.中国城市地震危害危险度评价.自然灾害学报,2004,13(1)：9-15
[10]刘启方,袁一凡,金星等.近断层地震动的基本特征[J],地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1)：1-10
[11]王海云,谢礼立.近断层强地震动的特点.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(12)：2070-2073
[12]Stewarta J P, Chioub S J, Bray J D,et al. Ground motion evaluation procedures for performance-based design. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2002,22(1):765-772
[13]张冰.近场地震作用下框架与桥梁结构抗震分析：[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2006,1-53
[14]Anil K. Chopra, Chatpan Chintanapakdee. Comparing response of SDF systems to near-fault and far-fault earthquake motions in the context of spectral regions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2001, 30(1):1769-1789
[15]Vu phan; M.saiid, John Anderson; and Hamid Ghasemi. Near-fault ground motion effects on reinforced concrete bridge columns. Journal of Structural Engineering,2007,133(7):982-989
[16]Gregory A. Macrae, Daniel V. Morrow, and Charls W.Roeder. Near-fault ground motion effects on simple structures. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2001,127(9):996-1004
[17]Praveen K.Malhotra. Response of buildings to near-field pulse-like ground motions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1999,28(11): 1309-1326
[18]Mehrdad Sasani. New measure for severity of near-source seismic ground motion. Journal of Structural Engineering,2006,132(12):1997-2005
[19]黄建文,朱晞.近震作用下单自由度结构的非弹性相应分析研究.中国安全科学学报,2003,13(11)：59-65
[20]卢明奇.近断层地震加速度设计反应谱.三峡大学学报,2007,29(1)：33-37
[21]Liao W-I.;Loh C-H.;Wan S. Earthquake responses of RC moment frames subjected to near-fault ground motions. The Structural Design of Tall Buildings,2001,10(3):219-229
[22]Loh C H, W an S, Liao W I. Effects of hysteretic model on seismic demands: consideration of near-fault ground motions, The Structural Design of Tall Buildings,2002,11(1):155-169
[23]Eduardo Miranda, Vitelmo V.Bertero. Evaluation of strength reduction factors for earthquake-resistant design. Earthquake Spectra,1994,10(2):357-379
[24]Gupta and Krawinkler. Estimation of seismic drift demands for frame structures. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29(9): 1287-1305
[25]Gupta and Krawinkler. Dynamic p-delta effects for flexible inelastic structures. Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(1):145-154
[26]Dionisio Bernal. Instability of buildings during seismic response. Engineering Structures,1998,20(4):496-502
[27]Lian Duan, Wai-Fah Chen. Effective length factor for columns in braced frames. Journal of Structural Engineering,1988,114(10):2357-2370
[28]Lian Duan, Wai-Fah Chen. Effective length factor for columns in unbraced frames. Journal of Structural Engineering,1989,115(1):149-165
[29]Wai-Fah Chen. Cm factor in load and resistance factor design. Journal of Structural Engineering,1987,113(8):1738-1754
[30]高晓莉.钢筋混凝土框架柱二阶效应实用设计方法研究：[硕士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,1996,1-30
[31]朱杰江,吕西林,容柏生.高层混凝土结构重力二阶效应的影响分析.建筑结构学报,2003,24(6)：38-43
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