桁架式SRC梁-RC柱组合节点抗震性能及设计方法研究
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摘要
桁架式钢骨混凝土框架梁作为一种新型钢骨混凝土结构构件,改变了传统的空腹格构式型钢混凝土结构形式：型钢为角钢放置在构件的四角,型钢面积、刚度小,易发生角钢失稳屈服。以T形型钢代替传统的角钢配置在梁的上、下部位,T形型钢用腹杆相连,构成桁架式钢骨混凝土框架梁构件。梁中的钢骨以T形型钢代替了传统的以角钢为主的空腹格构式角钢骨架,型钢位置可根据实际工程进行位置及尺寸调整。在节点核心区域及梁端部用交叉腹杆连接上、下型钢,相当于一被动抗震耗能装置,能起到较好的耗能减震作用。本文就桁架式钢骨混凝土(SRC)梁应用于组合结构中,与普通钢筋混凝土(RC)柱组成的组合节点的抗震性能及设计计算理论进行了系统研究,主要研究内容及成果概括如下：
为研究该结构构件的力学及抗震性能,共对12个桁架式SRC梁-RC柱组合边节点在低周反复荷载作用下进行了试验研究。试件考虑了型钢、角钢和轴压比三个因素的变化。试验观察了构件破坏过程,测得了节点梁端荷载-位移曲线和骨架曲线以及各阶段的应变、荷载和位移值,并分析了节点的延性、能量耗散能力、抗剪性能。试验研究表明,该节点形式具有很好的延性和能量耗散能力,证明在节点区及梁端配有交叉腹杆的桁架式钢骨混凝土梁结构节点连接方式是可靠的,节点能够有效传递弯矩和剪力。
在试验研究的基础上建立了恢复力模型,模型能够很好符合试验结果。同时建立了节点地震损伤模型,模型基于最大变形及累积耗能的非线性组合,分析了桁架式SRC梁-RC柱组合节点损伤的累积发展过程和规律,通过损伤模型计算的损伤结果及各试件损伤对比分析,讨论了含钢率、轴压比及交叉腹杆对节点损伤发展的影响。结果表明：加载后期,轴压比大、含钢率高或交叉腹杆强的节点具有更大的损伤值。上述建立的模型为节点非线性地震反应时程分析和损伤评估提供了科学理论基础。
根据试验结果,型钢骨架与混凝土之间在完全破坏前不产生粘结滑移,同时考虑各种材料的非线性,对桁架式钢骨混凝土框架梁节点和框架试件进行了有限元分析；比较精确地模拟分析了在低周反复荷载作用下节点的受力性能及各材料的应力分布情况,可弥补试验研究中无法了解到的受力情况。通过对比计算结果与试验结果,验证了数值模拟的可行性。同时分别考虑节点中含钢率、交叉腹杆和柱轴压比三个因素的影响。结果表明：在其它情况相同时,交叉腹杆的设置及T形型钢的特性起到了延缓节点破坏的作用,型钢及交叉腹杆的有力约束改善了结构的延性,在一定程度上提高了节点承载力；轴压比能在一定程度上提高节点抗剪承载能力,但是降低了其延性。
基于节点试验研究情况和有限元分析结果,确定了节点各组成部分的抗剪贡献,对节点核心区受力及传力机理进行了分析,并定量分析了各部分在不同受力阶段的节点抗剪能力的组成。考虑轴压比、箍筋及交叉腹杆对节点抗剪承载能力的影响,并确定了节点抗剪计算中混凝土强度影响系数,提出了架式SRC梁-RC柱组合边节点的抗裂、抗剪承载力计算公式。
对两榀约1：2的单跨两层的桁架式钢骨混凝土梁的框架缩尺模型进行了试验研究,采用拟静力试验方法,实测框架结构的顶端位移-荷载、柱底总荷载-顶端位移曲线等。通过试验,对上述两榀框架在地震中的破坏特点、耗能性能、延性指标进行了分析。在低周反复荷载作用下,分析框架结构由于损伤累积引起结构整体刚度和强度的变化,结果表明该框架结构具有良好的弹性工作性能、延性及耗能性能,安全储备较高,可应用于地震烈度为8度以上地区。
综合以上试验及有限元分析结果,提出了桁架式钢骨混凝土框架梁基于抗震性能的设计计算理论。并对节点的构造形式和构造措施给出了相关建议。同时对桁架式钢骨混凝土梁的设计、构造提出了一些建议,相关内容可以作为进一步研究的基础。
As a new form of steel reinforced concrete structure, the beam filled truss steel are brought forward which is named steel truss encased reinforced concrete beam (SRC beam with encased steel truss). The new structure is different to the traditional lattice type steel reinforced concrete structure:angle steel for the components placed in the corners that the steel area and the stiffness is small, prone to loss angle stable yield. T-shaped steel replaced in the upper and lower parts of the beam, which connected with a belly to form truss-type steel reinforced concrete frame beam.T-shaped steel can be placed to suitable position according to the position and size of the beam with construction.In the core area of the joint and the end of the beam, T-shaped steel connected with the cross angle steel.The new structure equivalent a passive seismic energy dissipation devices to play the role of energy dissipation.In this paper, the seismic performance and design calculation are studied systematicly of the steel reinforced concrete beam with encased steel truss, the main contents and results are summarized as follows:
To study mechanical characteristics and seismic behaviors of steel truss SRC beam, low-cyclic reversed loading tests were carried out on12steel truss SRC beam-RC column frame joints.The specimen are designed considering variety of three factors, which are shape steel, angle steel and axial compression ratio.Failure process under low-cyclic reversed loading are observed, the load-displacement hysteresis loops, skeleton curves, strain and the load-displacement values are tested.Then the ductility, energy dissipation capacity, characteristics, shear property and proportion of function are analyzed.The experimental study indicates that the specimens have good ductility and good energy dissipation capacity.The experimental result indicates that the joints of beam configured with steel and crossed angel steel is effective, and the shear bearing capacity of core area of joints can be improved greatly.Based on the analysis of test data, the skeleton curves of restoring force model are built up and the model agrees with the test results well.The result can be useful reference to engineering.The result can be reference to seismic behaviors of the nonlinear seismic response and time history analysis.
Damage model was developed based on nonlinear combination of maximum strain and accumulative dissipation energy.Then the evolution of cumulative damage and the damage growth law were investigated.Finally by comparing the calculated damage models with the observed real damage of the joints, influences of three factors, shape steel, cross web members and axial compression ratio, on damage development of joints with SRC beam with encased steel truss were studied.The results show that joints with higher shape steel proportion, stronger cross web members and higher axial compression ratio makes joint behave better in energy dissipation and loading capacity in the calculated damage.
Based on the results of test, finite element analysis was presented considering material nonlinear and no bond-slip between steel truss and conerete. The finite element analysis can get more precise simulation analysis under low reversed cyclic load and the stress distribution of material. The results of FEM (finite element analysis) are reasonable and the comparison between FEM result and test result under different steel ratio, different cross web members and different axial compression ratio shows the accuracy of the proposed method.The result indicates that cross section and steel can delay joint damage and improve the bearing capacity; axial load can improve joints shear capacity to some extent but joints ductility is decreased; the constraint of steel to concrete can make improvement to brittleness character of concrete because of its poor ductility.
Based on the experiment and the result of finite element analysis, each factor on the shear capacity is determined.The resistant mechanism and failure pattern of frame joints of SRC beam with encased steel truss are analyzed, and the contribution to shear bearing capacity of each part is analyzed at different loading stage quantitatively. Considering variety of three factors, which are shape steel, angle steel and axial compression ratio, the calculation formulas wrer put forward for crack resistance and shear bearing capacity of such joints.
The seismic evaluation of two about1/2scaled model of one span and two-story frame of SRC beam with encased steel truss was tested with the quasi-static test method.In the quasi-static test, the displacement-hysteretic curves were achieved.Then, the characteristics of failure, the energy consuming behavior and ductility of the structure were analyzed.Under the low-cyclic loading, the whole stiffness and damping ratio variation of the frame due to damage cumulative, the framework structure with flexible working performance, good ductility and energy dissipation. As a result, it can be concluded that the SRC beam with encased steel truss can be used in the region where seismic intensity is above8degree.
Based on the above experimental and finite element analysis results, performance based seismic design and a calculation theory are proposed.The relative content of the paper can be used to do more research on the seismic behavior of the SRC beam with encased steel truss.
为研究该结构构件的力学及抗震性能,共对12个桁架式SRC梁-RC柱组合边节点在低周反复荷载作用下进行了试验研究。试件考虑了型钢、角钢和轴压比三个因素的变化。试验观察了构件破坏过程,测得了节点梁端荷载-位移曲线和骨架曲线以及各阶段的应变、荷载和位移值,并分析了节点的延性、能量耗散能力、抗剪性能。试验研究表明,该节点形式具有很好的延性和能量耗散能力,证明在节点区及梁端配有交叉腹杆的桁架式钢骨混凝土梁结构节点连接方式是可靠的,节点能够有效传递弯矩和剪力。
在试验研究的基础上建立了恢复力模型,模型能够很好符合试验结果。同时建立了节点地震损伤模型,模型基于最大变形及累积耗能的非线性组合,分析了桁架式SRC梁-RC柱组合节点损伤的累积发展过程和规律,通过损伤模型计算的损伤结果及各试件损伤对比分析,讨论了含钢率、轴压比及交叉腹杆对节点损伤发展的影响。结果表明：加载后期,轴压比大、含钢率高或交叉腹杆强的节点具有更大的损伤值。上述建立的模型为节点非线性地震反应时程分析和损伤评估提供了科学理论基础。
根据试验结果,型钢骨架与混凝土之间在完全破坏前不产生粘结滑移,同时考虑各种材料的非线性,对桁架式钢骨混凝土框架梁节点和框架试件进行了有限元分析；比较精确地模拟分析了在低周反复荷载作用下节点的受力性能及各材料的应力分布情况,可弥补试验研究中无法了解到的受力情况。通过对比计算结果与试验结果,验证了数值模拟的可行性。同时分别考虑节点中含钢率、交叉腹杆和柱轴压比三个因素的影响。结果表明：在其它情况相同时,交叉腹杆的设置及T形型钢的特性起到了延缓节点破坏的作用,型钢及交叉腹杆的有力约束改善了结构的延性,在一定程度上提高了节点承载力；轴压比能在一定程度上提高节点抗剪承载能力,但是降低了其延性。
基于节点试验研究情况和有限元分析结果,确定了节点各组成部分的抗剪贡献,对节点核心区受力及传力机理进行了分析,并定量分析了各部分在不同受力阶段的节点抗剪能力的组成。考虑轴压比、箍筋及交叉腹杆对节点抗剪承载能力的影响,并确定了节点抗剪计算中混凝土强度影响系数,提出了架式SRC梁-RC柱组合边节点的抗裂、抗剪承载力计算公式。
对两榀约1：2的单跨两层的桁架式钢骨混凝土梁的框架缩尺模型进行了试验研究,采用拟静力试验方法,实测框架结构的顶端位移-荷载、柱底总荷载-顶端位移曲线等。通过试验,对上述两榀框架在地震中的破坏特点、耗能性能、延性指标进行了分析。在低周反复荷载作用下,分析框架结构由于损伤累积引起结构整体刚度和强度的变化,结果表明该框架结构具有良好的弹性工作性能、延性及耗能性能,安全储备较高,可应用于地震烈度为8度以上地区。
综合以上试验及有限元分析结果,提出了桁架式钢骨混凝土框架梁基于抗震性能的设计计算理论。并对节点的构造形式和构造措施给出了相关建议。同时对桁架式钢骨混凝土梁的设计、构造提出了一些建议,相关内容可以作为进一步研究的基础。
As a new form of steel reinforced concrete structure, the beam filled truss steel are brought forward which is named steel truss encased reinforced concrete beam (SRC beam with encased steel truss). The new structure is different to the traditional lattice type steel reinforced concrete structure:angle steel for the components placed in the corners that the steel area and the stiffness is small, prone to loss angle stable yield. T-shaped steel replaced in the upper and lower parts of the beam, which connected with a belly to form truss-type steel reinforced concrete frame beam.T-shaped steel can be placed to suitable position according to the position and size of the beam with construction.In the core area of the joint and the end of the beam, T-shaped steel connected with the cross angle steel.The new structure equivalent a passive seismic energy dissipation devices to play the role of energy dissipation.In this paper, the seismic performance and design calculation are studied systematicly of the steel reinforced concrete beam with encased steel truss, the main contents and results are summarized as follows:
To study mechanical characteristics and seismic behaviors of steel truss SRC beam, low-cyclic reversed loading tests were carried out on12steel truss SRC beam-RC column frame joints.The specimen are designed considering variety of three factors, which are shape steel, angle steel and axial compression ratio.Failure process under low-cyclic reversed loading are observed, the load-displacement hysteresis loops, skeleton curves, strain and the load-displacement values are tested.Then the ductility, energy dissipation capacity, characteristics, shear property and proportion of function are analyzed.The experimental study indicates that the specimens have good ductility and good energy dissipation capacity.The experimental result indicates that the joints of beam configured with steel and crossed angel steel is effective, and the shear bearing capacity of core area of joints can be improved greatly.Based on the analysis of test data, the skeleton curves of restoring force model are built up and the model agrees with the test results well.The result can be useful reference to engineering.The result can be reference to seismic behaviors of the nonlinear seismic response and time history analysis.
Damage model was developed based on nonlinear combination of maximum strain and accumulative dissipation energy.Then the evolution of cumulative damage and the damage growth law were investigated.Finally by comparing the calculated damage models with the observed real damage of the joints, influences of three factors, shape steel, cross web members and axial compression ratio, on damage development of joints with SRC beam with encased steel truss were studied.The results show that joints with higher shape steel proportion, stronger cross web members and higher axial compression ratio makes joint behave better in energy dissipation and loading capacity in the calculated damage.
Based on the results of test, finite element analysis was presented considering material nonlinear and no bond-slip between steel truss and conerete. The finite element analysis can get more precise simulation analysis under low reversed cyclic load and the stress distribution of material. The results of FEM (finite element analysis) are reasonable and the comparison between FEM result and test result under different steel ratio, different cross web members and different axial compression ratio shows the accuracy of the proposed method.The result indicates that cross section and steel can delay joint damage and improve the bearing capacity; axial load can improve joints shear capacity to some extent but joints ductility is decreased; the constraint of steel to concrete can make improvement to brittleness character of concrete because of its poor ductility.
Based on the experiment and the result of finite element analysis, each factor on the shear capacity is determined.The resistant mechanism and failure pattern of frame joints of SRC beam with encased steel truss are analyzed, and the contribution to shear bearing capacity of each part is analyzed at different loading stage quantitatively. Considering variety of three factors, which are shape steel, angle steel and axial compression ratio, the calculation formulas wrer put forward for crack resistance and shear bearing capacity of such joints.
The seismic evaluation of two about1/2scaled model of one span and two-story frame of SRC beam with encased steel truss was tested with the quasi-static test method.In the quasi-static test, the displacement-hysteretic curves were achieved.Then, the characteristics of failure, the energy consuming behavior and ductility of the structure were analyzed.Under the low-cyclic loading, the whole stiffness and damping ratio variation of the frame due to damage cumulative, the framework structure with flexible working performance, good ductility and energy dissipation. As a result, it can be concluded that the SRC beam with encased steel truss can be used in the region where seismic intensity is above8degree.
Based on the above experimental and finite element analysis results, performance based seismic design and a calculation theory are proposed.The relative content of the paper can be used to do more research on the seismic behavior of the SRC beam with encased steel truss.
引文
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