超纯净工业纯铁生产工艺研究
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摘要
超纯铁是一种重要的钢铁基础材料,主要用于冶炼各种高温合金、耐热合金、精密合金、马氏体时效钢等等航空航天、军工和民用合金或钢材,近年来在国内外发展异常迅猛。开发高纯铁的制备技术,可扩大其使用范围。在国内超纯铁的制备工艺还很不成熟,超纯铁的供应还不能满足需求,而研究在感应炉中用海绵铁为铁源冶炼超纯铁,从原料上来说,海绵铁产量在不断提高且价格相对便宜;从成份上来说,海绵铁残余元素(Pb、As、Sn、Sb、Bi、Cu等等)含量低,得到的超纯铁产品纯净度高。
本文在实验室的条件下,用25kg中频感应炉和25kg真空感应炉开展了在感应炉中用海绵铁冶炼超纯铁的实验研究。主要研究内容包括了海绵铁深脱磷的热力学和动力学研究,脱磷渣系的选择和影响钢水深脱磷的因素等等。在感应炉中用海绵铁熔炼出磷含量为10 ppm左右的纯铁。在此基础上对钢水深脱硫的热力学条件进行了理论分析,并通过实验对脱硫渣系组成熔点,机械混合渣和预熔精炼渣对钢水脱硫的影响进行了研究。通过理论分析和实验数据得出了钢水深脱硫必须满足的条件,最终在感应炉中将钢水中的硫含量降到了10 ppm左右。
研究表明,只要控制好脱磷和脱硫的热力学条件,选择合适的熔炼渣系组成,在感应炉中用海绵铁或直接还原铁冶炼超纯铁是可行的。若能应用于大规模的工业生产,将有一个很好的应用前景。
Ultra pure iron is a important basic iron and steel materials, it can be used chiefly to refine various high temperature alloy, heat-resistant alloy, accurate alloy, maraging steel and so on for aerospace ,army plant and civil.it has a rapid development in recent years. Developing this technology of the high pure iron can improve the purity of the iron and enlarge the scope of application. In domestic country, the preparation technology of the ultra pure iron is not mature, the supply don’t meet the demand. But the sponge iron refining the ultra pure iron in the vacuum induction furnace has many merits, firstly, using the sponge iron as raw materials, the price is very low relatively and the production is increasing gradually; secondly the residual elements(Pb,As,Sn,Sb,Bi,Cu and so on) in the sponge iron is very low, it can be used to tured out very ultra pure iron.
Experiments were carried out in the lab to refine industrial pure iron by sponge iron in the 25Kg medium-frequency induction furnace and 25kg vacuum induction furnace. The main research content includes the thermodynamic and kinetics analysis of deep dephosphorization of the sponge iron , selecting of dephosphorizing slag and influencing factor of deep dephosphorization and so on. The sponge iron was refined in the induction furnace and the finial phosphorus content in the steel is about 10ppm.After that, The thermodynamic analysis of the steel deep desulfurization was carried out ,the influence of the melting point of slag, the mechanically mixed slag and premelted refining slag on desulfurization was discussion through the experiments. Several times deep desulfurization experiments was carried out in the induction furnace, it concluded that some conditions must be meet for the deep desulfurization of the liquid steel through the thermodynamic analysis and the experiments date, finally the sulfur content in the steel was reduced to about 10ppm in the induction furnace.
The research proved that the ultra pure iron can be turned out by using the sponge iron or driect reduction iron in the induction furnace if the thermodynamics conditions and the fitting slag of dephosphorization and desulfurization are be controlled well. There will be a good prospect in future if the technology can be used in the industrial process.
本文在实验室的条件下,用25kg中频感应炉和25kg真空感应炉开展了在感应炉中用海绵铁冶炼超纯铁的实验研究。主要研究内容包括了海绵铁深脱磷的热力学和动力学研究,脱磷渣系的选择和影响钢水深脱磷的因素等等。在感应炉中用海绵铁熔炼出磷含量为10 ppm左右的纯铁。在此基础上对钢水深脱硫的热力学条件进行了理论分析,并通过实验对脱硫渣系组成熔点,机械混合渣和预熔精炼渣对钢水脱硫的影响进行了研究。通过理论分析和实验数据得出了钢水深脱硫必须满足的条件,最终在感应炉中将钢水中的硫含量降到了10 ppm左右。
研究表明,只要控制好脱磷和脱硫的热力学条件,选择合适的熔炼渣系组成,在感应炉中用海绵铁或直接还原铁冶炼超纯铁是可行的。若能应用于大规模的工业生产,将有一个很好的应用前景。
Ultra pure iron is a important basic iron and steel materials, it can be used chiefly to refine various high temperature alloy, heat-resistant alloy, accurate alloy, maraging steel and so on for aerospace ,army plant and civil.it has a rapid development in recent years. Developing this technology of the high pure iron can improve the purity of the iron and enlarge the scope of application. In domestic country, the preparation technology of the ultra pure iron is not mature, the supply don’t meet the demand. But the sponge iron refining the ultra pure iron in the vacuum induction furnace has many merits, firstly, using the sponge iron as raw materials, the price is very low relatively and the production is increasing gradually; secondly the residual elements(Pb,As,Sn,Sb,Bi,Cu and so on) in the sponge iron is very low, it can be used to tured out very ultra pure iron.
Experiments were carried out in the lab to refine industrial pure iron by sponge iron in the 25Kg medium-frequency induction furnace and 25kg vacuum induction furnace. The main research content includes the thermodynamic and kinetics analysis of deep dephosphorization of the sponge iron , selecting of dephosphorizing slag and influencing factor of deep dephosphorization and so on. The sponge iron was refined in the induction furnace and the finial phosphorus content in the steel is about 10ppm.After that, The thermodynamic analysis of the steel deep desulfurization was carried out ,the influence of the melting point of slag, the mechanically mixed slag and premelted refining slag on desulfurization was discussion through the experiments. Several times deep desulfurization experiments was carried out in the induction furnace, it concluded that some conditions must be meet for the deep desulfurization of the liquid steel through the thermodynamic analysis and the experiments date, finally the sulfur content in the steel was reduced to about 10ppm in the induction furnace.
The research proved that the ultra pure iron can be turned out by using the sponge iron or driect reduction iron in the induction furnace if the thermodynamics conditions and the fitting slag of dephosphorization and desulfurization are be controlled well. There will be a good prospect in future if the technology can be used in the industrial process.
引文
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[2] Gudenau H.w..Reduktionsverfahren ausserhalb des Hochofens[J].Aachen:RWTH Aachen,1985.
[3] 莫叔迟,梁文阁,李东兴.5t 中频感应炉用海绵铁作原料冶炼纯铁的研究[J].铁合金 ,2001(6):31～35.
[4] 李正邦.钢铁冶金前沿技术[M].冶金工业出版社,1997 年.
[5] 史占彪.非高炉炼铁学[M].东北工学院出版社,1991 年.
[6] 温宏权.超纯铁的制备技术综述[J].上海金属,2002(11):32～35.
[7] 曹为民,印仁和,严惠根等.从废铁屑电解制备纯铁及其腐蚀特性[J].研究简报ELECTROCHEMISTRYVol.9 No.1Feb.2003.
[8] W.G..蒲凡. 区域熔化[M]. 刘民治译.北京:科学出版社,1962,24～43
[9] B.F. Bunshan. Techniques of Mateials Preparation and Handling[J], Vol.1.Part2,John Wiley & Sons Press,1968
[10]R.G. Jordan. Electro-transport in Solid Metal Systems.Contemp. Phys[J].,1974,15(4):375~400.
[11] S.Takaki and K.Abiko. Ultra-purification of electrolytic iron by cole-crucible induction melting and inducting floating-zong melting in ulara-high bacuum. Material Transactions. JIM,2000,41 (1):2~6.
[12] 扩大感应电炉生产工业纯铁 http://city.icchina.com
[13] 蔡永成.超纯工业纯铁的冶炼技术探讨[J].钢铁,2002(2): 17～19.
[14] 李涛堂等.关于高纯铁生产的研究[J].鞍钢技术, 1998 年(9): 41～44.
[15] 田志红,艾立群,蔡开科等.超低磷钢生产技术[J].炼钢,2003(12):14～18.
[16] Shigeko Nakamura, Fumitaka. Tsukihashi, Nobuo Sano . Phosphorus Partition between CaOsatd-BaO-SiO2-FetO Slags and Liquid Iron at 1873 K [J] .ISIJ International ,1993,33(1): 53 ~ 58.
[17] Sigwork G K,Elliott J F. The Thermodynamics of Liquid Dirlute Iron Alloys[J].Metal Science,1974,18:298-310.
[18] 黄希祜,钢铁冶金原理[M]:204; 298~299.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.
[19] 陈家祥,炼钢常用图表数据手册[M]。北京:冶金工业出版社,1984.
[20] 郭上型,董元篪等.CaO 基熔剂对钢液二次精炼脱磷的实验研究[J].钢铁 ,2002(11):20~ 21.
[21] 田志红,艾立群等.用 CaO-CaF2-FeO 系渣进行钢水深脱磷[J].钢铁研究学报. 2004(10):23~27.
[22] 王庆祥,何环宇.提高渣—铁脱磷反应效果的理论分析[J].钢铁研究,2001(10):21~23.
[23] 李杰,乐可襄.用 CaO-Fe2O3-CaF2 –Al2O3-NaCO3 熔剂进行铁水预处理脱磷的实验研究[J] .安徽工业大学学报,2003(7):177 ~180.
[24] 吴宝国,骆小刚等.改变钙系脱磷剂熔渣组成对脱磷的影响[J].炼钢,2004(4):27~30.
[25] 汪大洲.钢铁生产中的脱磷[J]:163~164.北京:冶金工业出版社,1986.
[26] 唱鹤鸣,杨晓平等.感应炉熔炼与特种铸造技术[M]:1~2 北京:冶金工业出版社 1986
[27] 游锦洲.新煤基直接还原理论与工艺研究[D]:9~10 .东北大学博士论文,1999.
[28] 黄希祜.钢铁冶金原理[M]:204; 298~299.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.
[29] 汪大洲.钢铁生产中的脱磷[M]:150~159.北京:冶金工业出版社,1986.
[30] 刘兴博,董建新,谢锡善.杂质元素磷﹑硫在特殊钢中的作用, 特殊钢[J],1998 年 19:1-5.
[31]占东平,钢的二次精炼过程预熔渣深脱硫理论与工艺研究[D] ,东北大学博士论文,2003 年。
[32]曲英,炼钢学原理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1980 年 173-186.
[33] Dufft J D,Infram M D. J.Inorg[J]. Nucl.Chem.,1975,37:1203.
[34] Sosinky D J,Sommerbille I D. [J]. Metall.Trans.,1986,17B(6):331.
[35] Sosinsky D J,Sommerville I D. The composition and temperature dependence of the sulfide capacity of metallurgical slags[J],Metall.trans.,1986,17B:331-337。
[36]Young R W ,Duffy J A,Hassall G J,et al .Use of Optical Basicity Concept for Determining Phosphorus and Sulphur Slagmetal Pretions[J].Ironmaking and Steel making,1992,119(3):202-219。
[37] 陈家祥,炼钢常用图表数据手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1984.
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