新型β钛合金和精密异型钛材加工工艺研究
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摘要
论文综述了钛及钛合金的发展历史、主要特性、应用领域、钛材的种类和制备加工制造方法。对国外钛合金及钛材加工状况、中国钛工业发展状况进行了述评。
钛及钛合金比强度、比刚度高,抗腐蚀、抗疲劳和抗蠕变性能都很好,高温力学性能和接合性能良好,还与人体亲和性好,具有优良的综合性能。但适宜作为高档金属眼镜架用材料的钛合金,必须具有良好的冷加工性能。论文研究了Ti—V—Al—Cr—Sn系新型β钛合金的热处理工艺,测试了试样的力学性能、进行了SEM断口分析和金相分析,得出该合金经过固溶加时效的热处理后,其抗拉强度高(σ_b可达1200MPa),材料具有良好的塑性(δ可达18%),表明该合金适宜作为眼镜架等民用产品的制造材料。
精密异型钛材产品断面尺寸小、形状复杂,变形抗力高,加工难度大。论文对“新型β钛合金研究→钛圆线(纯钛和钛合金)→圆线的异型初轧→清洗→碱洗→酸洗→热处理(反复)→精密轧机异型精轧(或精密异型拉拔)→产品表面处理→质检→包装→成品”的工艺过程进行了研究,生产眼镜架等民用精密异型钛材系列产品。解决了精密异型钛材加工过程中的轧制、拉拔、润滑、模具、清洗、酸洗、碱洗、热处理、焊接、表面质量控制、矫直等关键技术问题,制定了相关的工艺规程。设计、加工、配置了相关设备,建成了精密异型钛材系列产品生产线。通过试生产,生产出了不同规格的眼镜架用槽型丝、铰链、钛焊丝系列产品。其中槽形丝产品,尺寸精度能够达到±0.02mm,铰链产品,尺寸精度可控制在±0.02mm～±0.05mm,光洁度可达到0.8～1.6μm,能够满足用户要求。证明制定的工艺在生产实践中合理可行,现有公开文献未见报道,具有新颖性。论文还说明了发明的螺压式单体压力模、线材双螺旋载线抛光装置、线材三维校正装置等设备。
新型β钛合金和研究的加工工艺已投入实际生产,具有广阔的应用前景。
The history of the titanium and metal alloy of titanium development was overviewed in the thesis. The main characteristics, the application realm, the category, the manufacturing methods of the titanium and metal alloy of titanium were summarized as well. In addition, the internatioanl process of the titanium,metal alloy of titanium and Chinese titanium industry development were demonstrated respectively. Titanium and metal alloy of titanium have high strength and specific rigidity, good resistance to corrosion, fatigue and creepage, good welding and mechanic properties under high temperature. Besides, they have high affinity to human bodies. Therefore titanium and metal alloy of titanium have fine and overall properties. However, the titanium alloy that can be made of upscale metal spectacles must have good cold deformation. We studied the hot treatment craft of Ti- V- Al-Cr- Sn series new metal alloy of p-titanium, the mechanic properties, SEM rupture and metallography of the samples. The results showed that the alloy srength is high (σ_b is 1200Mpa), with a good deformation (5 is 18%) after the solid dissolved and aging treatment. Thus, we drawed a conclusion that the alloy is suitable to the material of public products ,such as metal spectacles etc.The serial products of titanium precise profile wire have small cross section sizes, the complicated shapes and high resistance to deformation. They are difficult to be processed. In the present study, we used the new processes as follow: developing the new metal alloy of P-titanium →round wire ( pure titanium and metal alloy of titanium ) →special shape preliminary rolling of round wire →washing, alkali cleaning, acid cleaning→heat treatment→ special shape precise rolling by finishing mill or special shape precise drawing→the surface handles of product →quality checking→packing→the serial products of titanium precise profile wire for spectacles. After the key technic problems were
solved, including the rolling system , drawing system , lubrication, molding tool, washing, the alkali cleaning, acid cleaning, the heat treatment, welding , the product surface handles and alignment, we established the correlation craft. Further, the necessary equipments were designed, purchased, installed and adjusted. After many practices, finally, the production line has been built and has successfully produced the different specification of trough thread, butt hinge and welding wire products for spectacles. The dimemsion precision of the trough thread can be obtained to be ±0.02mm, the dimemsion precision of the butt hinge can be controlled to the range of ±0.02mm~±0.05mm. The degree of finishing was reached 0.8 ~ 1.6μm. The process can satisfy the customer's request. The established process has been proved reasonable through our produce practices, has been proved novel ,for there has been no related references reported. Moreover, our three patents were stated in the thesis.The process and new metal alloy of (β-titanium have already uesd in the actual produce, it will be applied widely.
钛及钛合金比强度、比刚度高,抗腐蚀、抗疲劳和抗蠕变性能都很好,高温力学性能和接合性能良好,还与人体亲和性好,具有优良的综合性能。但适宜作为高档金属眼镜架用材料的钛合金,必须具有良好的冷加工性能。论文研究了Ti—V—Al—Cr—Sn系新型β钛合金的热处理工艺,测试了试样的力学性能、进行了SEM断口分析和金相分析,得出该合金经过固溶加时效的热处理后,其抗拉强度高(σ_b可达1200MPa),材料具有良好的塑性(δ可达18%),表明该合金适宜作为眼镜架等民用产品的制造材料。
精密异型钛材产品断面尺寸小、形状复杂,变形抗力高,加工难度大。论文对“新型β钛合金研究→钛圆线(纯钛和钛合金)→圆线的异型初轧→清洗→碱洗→酸洗→热处理(反复)→精密轧机异型精轧(或精密异型拉拔)→产品表面处理→质检→包装→成品”的工艺过程进行了研究,生产眼镜架等民用精密异型钛材系列产品。解决了精密异型钛材加工过程中的轧制、拉拔、润滑、模具、清洗、酸洗、碱洗、热处理、焊接、表面质量控制、矫直等关键技术问题,制定了相关的工艺规程。设计、加工、配置了相关设备,建成了精密异型钛材系列产品生产线。通过试生产,生产出了不同规格的眼镜架用槽型丝、铰链、钛焊丝系列产品。其中槽形丝产品,尺寸精度能够达到±0.02mm,铰链产品,尺寸精度可控制在±0.02mm～±0.05mm,光洁度可达到0.8～1.6μm,能够满足用户要求。证明制定的工艺在生产实践中合理可行,现有公开文献未见报道,具有新颖性。论文还说明了发明的螺压式单体压力模、线材双螺旋载线抛光装置、线材三维校正装置等设备。
新型β钛合金和研究的加工工艺已投入实际生产,具有广阔的应用前景。
The history of the titanium and metal alloy of titanium development was overviewed in the thesis. The main characteristics, the application realm, the category, the manufacturing methods of the titanium and metal alloy of titanium were summarized as well. In addition, the internatioanl process of the titanium,metal alloy of titanium and Chinese titanium industry development were demonstrated respectively. Titanium and metal alloy of titanium have high strength and specific rigidity, good resistance to corrosion, fatigue and creepage, good welding and mechanic properties under high temperature. Besides, they have high affinity to human bodies. Therefore titanium and metal alloy of titanium have fine and overall properties. However, the titanium alloy that can be made of upscale metal spectacles must have good cold deformation. We studied the hot treatment craft of Ti- V- Al-Cr- Sn series new metal alloy of p-titanium, the mechanic properties, SEM rupture and metallography of the samples. The results showed that the alloy srength is high (σ_b is 1200Mpa), with a good deformation (5 is 18%) after the solid dissolved and aging treatment. Thus, we drawed a conclusion that the alloy is suitable to the material of public products ,such as metal spectacles etc.The serial products of titanium precise profile wire have small cross section sizes, the complicated shapes and high resistance to deformation. They are difficult to be processed. In the present study, we used the new processes as follow: developing the new metal alloy of P-titanium →round wire ( pure titanium and metal alloy of titanium ) →special shape preliminary rolling of round wire →washing, alkali cleaning, acid cleaning→heat treatment→ special shape precise rolling by finishing mill or special shape precise drawing→the surface handles of product →quality checking→packing→the serial products of titanium precise profile wire for spectacles. After the key technic problems were
solved, including the rolling system , drawing system , lubrication, molding tool, washing, the alkali cleaning, acid cleaning, the heat treatment, welding , the product surface handles and alignment, we established the correlation craft. Further, the necessary equipments were designed, purchased, installed and adjusted. After many practices, finally, the production line has been built and has successfully produced the different specification of trough thread, butt hinge and welding wire products for spectacles. The dimemsion precision of the trough thread can be obtained to be ±0.02mm, the dimemsion precision of the butt hinge can be controlled to the range of ±0.02mm~±0.05mm. The degree of finishing was reached 0.8 ~ 1.6μm. The process can satisfy the customer's request. The established process has been proved reasonable through our produce practices, has been proved novel ,for there has been no related references reported. Moreover, our three patents were stated in the thesis.The process and new metal alloy of (β-titanium have already uesd in the actual produce, it will be applied widely.
引文
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[3] Rosenbery H W. Titanium Alloying in Theory and Practice, The Science, Technology and Application of Titanium. Pragram Press, 1970
[4] 日本钛协会编.钛加工技术.《钛工业进展》编辑部,1997
[5] 谭松林主编.有色金属材料学.北京:冶会工业出版社,1993
[6] 周彦邦编著.钛合金铸造概论.北京:航空工业出版社,2000
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[9] 刘静安.钛合金的特性与用途.有色金属加工,2002,(8):1-2
[10] 邢淑仪,王世洪.铝合金和钛合金.北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[11] Mueller C P, Koon J F.2nd Electron Beam Processing Seminar Proceedings. 1972
[12] 李献军.钛铸锭现代熔炼技术.钛工业进展,1999,(2):12-14
[13] 彭规锦编译.钛合金铸造技术.铸造,1991,(7):40-42
[14] 汪建林.高强度β钛合金的发展和应用.上海钢研,2001,(2):31-32
[15] Frueh C. Attempts to develop a ceramic mould for titanium casting. Cast Metals Res. 1996, 9: 235
[16] 杨冠军.钛合金研究、加工与应用的新进展.材料导报,2001,(10):20
[17] K. H. 马图哈(德国)主编.非铁合金的结构与性能.北京:科学出版社,1999
[18] 王向东.2002年钛年评.钛工业进展,2003,(4～5):7
[19] 汪汗臣.世界钛加工业的现状及我们的思考.钛工业进展,2003,(4～5):27-29
[20] 郝斌、沈祥惠.2001年世界钛加工材市场综述.钛工业进展,2002, (2):1-2
[21] 草道英武编.金属钛及其应用.北京:冶金出版社,1989
[22] 逯福生.世界钛工业现状及今后发展趋势.钛工业进展,2001,(5):5
[23] 马继伦.发挥优势,加快我国钛金属工业的发展.有色金属,2000,(8):7-9
[24] 王向东等.钛的基本性质、应用及我国钛工业概况.钛工业进展,2004,(1):9
[25] 黄永光,孟庆林.新型钛及钛合金牌号的发展和命名.钛工业进展,2000,(6):43-44
[26] 《重有色金属材料加工手册》编写组编.重有色金属材料加工手册第五分册.冶金工业出版社,1979
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