泡沫银的烧结及其组织和性能研究
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摘要
银催化剂在石油、化工、制药等行业中应用广泛。泡沫银是一新型功能材料,具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、通透性好等特性,用其做催化剂具有活性高、稳定性好、选择性好等优点,是现有银催化剂的理想替代者。
本文采用正交实验法,综合考虑烧结温度和烧结时间对泡沫银的抗拉强度、韧性、孔隙率和表观密度的影响,优化了泡沫银的烧结工艺,结果显示泡沫银烧结处理的合理工艺为在770℃还原气氛下烧结30min。
通过分析烧结工艺对泡沫银的表面形貌、力学性能的影响,得出如下结论:烧结温度升高和烧结时间延长均使泡沫银晶粒长大,而烧结温度升高有利于晶界平直化,烧结时间延长则有利于晶粒表面光滑化;烧结工艺对泡沫银的孔隙率和表观密度影响很小;烧结时间延长,泡沫银的韧性增大;开始烧结时,抗拉强度和韧性均随烧结温度升高而增大,达到770℃时获得最大值,然后继续升温,抗拉强度稍有减小,韧性保持不变。
利用扫描电子显微镜和金相显微镜观察分析了泡沫银的组织结构和表面形貌。结果表明:泡沫银的空间结构为五边形十二面体三维网状结构,骨架横截面为空心曲边三角形,整个骨架由三棱柱形管相连而成,骨架表面有许多“包状”凸起。
用X射线衍射仪测定了泡沫银的相成分,结果表明泡沫银骨架为面心立方的纯银晶体。用气体吸附法测定其比表面积为0.6~0.8 m~2·g~(-1)。
Silver is a conventional industry catalyst in petrochemical, chemical,pharmaceuticals industry. Foamed silver is a kind of new functional material that has a lot of characteristic such as high porosity, large specific area, good currency and so on.So foamed silver catalyst is a kind of perfect material instead of existing silver catalyst due to its high catalytic activity, good stability and good catalyst selectivity.
The orthogonal tests was used to optimize the sintering process of foamed silver according to the influence of sintering temperature and time on tensile strength ,temper, porosity and apparent density. The results show that the appropriate sintering process is that foamed silver is sintering at 770℃for 30 minutes.
According to the influence of sintering process on surface morphologies, properties of foamed silver, it is found that crystalline grain grow with the rise of sintering temperature or the extension of sintering time, the rise of sintering temperature is benefit to the straightness of crystal boundary, the extension of sintering time is benefit to smoothing of the surface crystalline grain,the influence of sintering process on porosity and apparent density is insignificant,the temper is increased with the extension of sintering time,the tensile strength and temper increase till the temperature reaches to 770℃,then with the rise of temperature ,the tensile strength is decreaseed a little,while the pemper hold the line.
The microstructure and surface morphologies of foamed silver was studied by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM) and optical microscope(OM).The results shows that the foamed silver has the microstructure of triaxialp reticulation,which is dodecahedron with pentagon casement outspreading toward space, the cross section of skeleton has the microstructure of hollow curve-triangle the entire skeleton is made up of triangular tube,there are a lot of dispersal bulges on the surface of the skeleton.
The X-ray diffraction(XRD) results show that the foamed silver is face-centered cubic crystal structure. The special surface areas of foamed silver is 0.6~0.8 m2·g-1 from BET method.
本文采用正交实验法,综合考虑烧结温度和烧结时间对泡沫银的抗拉强度、韧性、孔隙率和表观密度的影响,优化了泡沫银的烧结工艺,结果显示泡沫银烧结处理的合理工艺为在770℃还原气氛下烧结30min。
通过分析烧结工艺对泡沫银的表面形貌、力学性能的影响,得出如下结论:烧结温度升高和烧结时间延长均使泡沫银晶粒长大,而烧结温度升高有利于晶界平直化,烧结时间延长则有利于晶粒表面光滑化;烧结工艺对泡沫银的孔隙率和表观密度影响很小;烧结时间延长,泡沫银的韧性增大;开始烧结时,抗拉强度和韧性均随烧结温度升高而增大,达到770℃时获得最大值,然后继续升温,抗拉强度稍有减小,韧性保持不变。
利用扫描电子显微镜和金相显微镜观察分析了泡沫银的组织结构和表面形貌。结果表明:泡沫银的空间结构为五边形十二面体三维网状结构,骨架横截面为空心曲边三角形,整个骨架由三棱柱形管相连而成,骨架表面有许多“包状”凸起。
用X射线衍射仪测定了泡沫银的相成分,结果表明泡沫银骨架为面心立方的纯银晶体。用气体吸附法测定其比表面积为0.6~0.8 m~2·g~(-1)。
Silver is a conventional industry catalyst in petrochemical, chemical,pharmaceuticals industry. Foamed silver is a kind of new functional material that has a lot of characteristic such as high porosity, large specific area, good currency and so on.So foamed silver catalyst is a kind of perfect material instead of existing silver catalyst due to its high catalytic activity, good stability and good catalyst selectivity.
The orthogonal tests was used to optimize the sintering process of foamed silver according to the influence of sintering temperature and time on tensile strength ,temper, porosity and apparent density. The results show that the appropriate sintering process is that foamed silver is sintering at 770℃for 30 minutes.
According to the influence of sintering process on surface morphologies, properties of foamed silver, it is found that crystalline grain grow with the rise of sintering temperature or the extension of sintering time, the rise of sintering temperature is benefit to the straightness of crystal boundary, the extension of sintering time is benefit to smoothing of the surface crystalline grain,the influence of sintering process on porosity and apparent density is insignificant,the temper is increased with the extension of sintering time,the tensile strength and temper increase till the temperature reaches to 770℃,then with the rise of temperature ,the tensile strength is decreaseed a little,while the pemper hold the line.
The microstructure and surface morphologies of foamed silver was studied by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM) and optical microscope(OM).The results shows that the foamed silver has the microstructure of triaxialp reticulation,which is dodecahedron with pentagon casement outspreading toward space, the cross section of skeleton has the microstructure of hollow curve-triangle the entire skeleton is made up of triangular tube,there are a lot of dispersal bulges on the surface of the skeleton.
The X-ray diffraction(XRD) results show that the foamed silver is face-centered cubic crystal structure. The special surface areas of foamed silver is 0.6~0.8 m2·g-1 from BET method.
引文
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