危险废物焚烧残渣稳定化/固化技术研究
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摘要
本文调查了浙江省四个典型危险废物焚烧处置中心焚烧残渣中重金属含量及浸出毒性,探讨了磁选预处理对残渣中重金属减量化和资源化效果,研究了富里酸、胡敏酸对残渣中重金属的稳定化影响,在此基础上,针对三种可适合填埋的固化块进行模拟酸雨淋溶试验,考察了该固化块在外界环境长期作用下的稳定性。研究发现：
危险废物残渣巾Cu的含量高达7227.7mg/kg、浸出浓度高达131.00±1.57mg/L,远超过了填埋场入场控制标准(75mg/L),Pb和Cd的TCLP浸出浓度也接近于填埋场入场控制标准,具有一定的潜在环境风险。磁选预处理可以提高残渣中Cu等有价金属的品位,但并未达到冶炼要求,且同时提高了重金属有效态与残渣态之间的比值,增加了环境危害的风险,因此不适合残渣中重金属的资源化。稳定化研究巾发现,7%的FA添加即可使残渣中Cu的TCLP浸出浓度降低至72.42±0.77 mg/L,可满足危险废物填埋场入场控制标准,Ca2+的添加则有助于残渣中Cu的进一步稳定化,面HA却不然。正交试验进一步确定了稳定化效果最佳时的FA、HA及CaCl2添加量分别为10%、0.7%和0.35%。稳定化处理后残渣的固化试验结果表明不同水泥配比及养护时间下,固化样品的无侧压抗压强度均可达到美国EPA标准(0.35 MPa),Cu、Pb和Cd的浸出毒性随着水泥添加量的增加以及养护时间的延长逐渐下降,其中水泥添加量为10%、养护7d或添加量为5%、养护14d等处理分别能满足填埋场进场标准。对固化样品的模拟酸雨淋溶试验发现,即便经腐植酸稳定化后残渣的重金属浸出浓度已达填埋场进场标准,但后续的水泥固化操作必不可少,否则容易导致变形、坍塌。一年的淋溶量表明,固化块的酸缓冲能力稳定,重金属随着酸雨的淋溶缓慢释放,但未破碎固化块中重金属较破碎固化块巾稳定,为了衡量重金属的长期释放行为,后续尚需考察其更长年份的淋溶效果。
This paper investigated the characteristics of hazardous waste incineration residues (HWIR) from four typical disposal centers in Zhejiang Province, explored the effects of magnetic pretreatment, studied the stabilization effects of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA), and tested the long-term stability of solidified sample. It was found that the Cu content and Cu2+ leaching concentration of the HWIR can amount to 7227.7 mg/kg and 131.00±1.57 mg/L, respectively, which is significantly higher than the landfill permission control standard (75 mg/L), while those of Pb and Cd were close to the standard that indicating potential environmental risks. Magnetic pretreatment can enrich Cu but still lower than the demand of smelting. At the same time, magnetic pretreatment also can change the ratio of available and residual form of the heavy metals, thereby increasing the environmental risk. It meant that the residues weren't suitable for the reutilization.7% of FA added to the residues could decrease the TCLP concentration of Cu1+ to 72.42±0.77 mg/L, which is below the landfill admission control standard. Ca2+ can strengthen the stabilization of Cu, while the HA was opposite. The best addition of FA, HA and CaCl2 was 10%,0.7% and 0.35%, respectively. The compressive strength of all of the solidified samples can meet the USA EPA standard (0.35MPa). The leaching of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ decreased gradually with the increasing of cement and curing time, and 10% cement, 7 days' conserving or 5% cement 14 days'conserving can meet the standards. The simulated acid rain leaching test found even if the leaching concentrations of heavy metals by HA stabilization meet the standard, the follow-up solidified was necessary, otherwise the solidified samples collapse easilily. Rainfall test showed that the acid buffering capacity of solidified samples were steady, heavy metals slowly released. To evalute the long-term releasing behavior of heavy metals, a longer test needed.
危险废物残渣巾Cu的含量高达7227.7mg/kg、浸出浓度高达131.00±1.57mg/L,远超过了填埋场入场控制标准(75mg/L),Pb和Cd的TCLP浸出浓度也接近于填埋场入场控制标准,具有一定的潜在环境风险。磁选预处理可以提高残渣中Cu等有价金属的品位,但并未达到冶炼要求,且同时提高了重金属有效态与残渣态之间的比值,增加了环境危害的风险,因此不适合残渣中重金属的资源化。稳定化研究巾发现,7%的FA添加即可使残渣中Cu的TCLP浸出浓度降低至72.42±0.77 mg/L,可满足危险废物填埋场入场控制标准,Ca2+的添加则有助于残渣中Cu的进一步稳定化,面HA却不然。正交试验进一步确定了稳定化效果最佳时的FA、HA及CaCl2添加量分别为10%、0.7%和0.35%。稳定化处理后残渣的固化试验结果表明不同水泥配比及养护时间下,固化样品的无侧压抗压强度均可达到美国EPA标准(0.35 MPa),Cu、Pb和Cd的浸出毒性随着水泥添加量的增加以及养护时间的延长逐渐下降,其中水泥添加量为10%、养护7d或添加量为5%、养护14d等处理分别能满足填埋场进场标准。对固化样品的模拟酸雨淋溶试验发现,即便经腐植酸稳定化后残渣的重金属浸出浓度已达填埋场进场标准,但后续的水泥固化操作必不可少,否则容易导致变形、坍塌。一年的淋溶量表明,固化块的酸缓冲能力稳定,重金属随着酸雨的淋溶缓慢释放,但未破碎固化块中重金属较破碎固化块巾稳定,为了衡量重金属的长期释放行为,后续尚需考察其更长年份的淋溶效果。
This paper investigated the characteristics of hazardous waste incineration residues (HWIR) from four typical disposal centers in Zhejiang Province, explored the effects of magnetic pretreatment, studied the stabilization effects of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA), and tested the long-term stability of solidified sample. It was found that the Cu content and Cu2+ leaching concentration of the HWIR can amount to 7227.7 mg/kg and 131.00±1.57 mg/L, respectively, which is significantly higher than the landfill permission control standard (75 mg/L), while those of Pb and Cd were close to the standard that indicating potential environmental risks. Magnetic pretreatment can enrich Cu but still lower than the demand of smelting. At the same time, magnetic pretreatment also can change the ratio of available and residual form of the heavy metals, thereby increasing the environmental risk. It meant that the residues weren't suitable for the reutilization.7% of FA added to the residues could decrease the TCLP concentration of Cu1+ to 72.42±0.77 mg/L, which is below the landfill admission control standard. Ca2+ can strengthen the stabilization of Cu, while the HA was opposite. The best addition of FA, HA and CaCl2 was 10%,0.7% and 0.35%, respectively. The compressive strength of all of the solidified samples can meet the USA EPA standard (0.35MPa). The leaching of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ decreased gradually with the increasing of cement and curing time, and 10% cement, 7 days' conserving or 5% cement 14 days'conserving can meet the standards. The simulated acid rain leaching test found even if the leaching concentrations of heavy metals by HA stabilization meet the standard, the follow-up solidified was necessary, otherwise the solidified samples collapse easilily. Rainfall test showed that the acid buffering capacity of solidified samples were steady, heavy metals slowly released. To evalute the long-term releasing behavior of heavy metals, a longer test needed.
引文
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