户外家具用重组竹材防腐工艺研究
|
摘要
中国是竹资源大国,发展竹材工业化是解决目前木材供应缺口的重要途径。但是竹材中含有丰富的营养物质,在保存和使用中很容易发生腐朽、霉变和虫蛀等,研究竹材防霉防腐技术对于高效开发竹材资源具有十分重要的意义。
本论文以辗压竹束为试验材料,以黑曲霉、绿色木霉和橘青霉为主要霉菌菌种,以白腐菌和褐腐菌为腐朽菌菌种,采用五种环境友好型水溶性防腐剂对碾压竹束进行防腐处理,压制重组竹材,进行性能测试,综合分析筛选出适合于户外重组竹材使用的竹材防腐剂。并进行了辗压竹束防腐处理工艺和重组竹材生产工艺的优化研究,最后进行了验证试验,并在生产线上成功进行了中试,开发出了综合性能优异的户外家具用防腐重组竹材。本研究的结果归纳如下：
1、采用五种防腐剂处理重组竹材,同时与未防腐处理重组竹材进行对比,进行防腐剂筛选试验,结果证明：经过处理的重组竹材物理力学性能远远高于标准要求,重组竹本身具有天然耐腐性,未防腐处理重组竹材和五种防腐剂处理重组竹材重量损失率均在11%以下,均达到Ⅰ级强耐腐,其中重组竹材对褐腐菌的耐腐性高于对白腐菌的耐腐性,白腐菌失重率为10.11%,而对褐腐菌的失重率只有6.84%。但未防腐处理重组竹材防霉性能较差,一周时间内就出现白色菌丝,28天后全部发霉,五种防腐剂处理重组竹材防霉性能有明显改善。综合考虑到防腐剂价格、抗流失性能等因素,ZJFC-Ⅰ防腐剂的综合性能最好。
2、采用正交试验对碾压竹束进行防腐处理工艺优化,以防霉效力为指标,分别考察了防腐剂浓度、加压压力和加压时间对防腐处理的影响。结果表明,防腐剂浓度是影响防腐效力最显著的因素,其次为加压压力,加压时间对其影响最小。竹束防腐处理最优工艺为：防腐剂浓度0.8%、加压压力1.2MPa、加压时间4h,在此条件下,防霉效力达到92.33%。
3、采用正交试验进行防腐处理后的碾压竹束压制重组竹材生产工艺的优化研究,考察了重组竹材密度、浸胶时间和酚醛树脂固体含量的影响。结果表明,重组竹材密度对其影响最大,其次为酚醛树脂固体含量,浸胶时间影响最小。最佳生产工艺为重组竹材密度1.1g/cm3、浸胶时间为30min、酚醛树脂固体含量28%。冷压后竹方需要固化定型处理,处理条件为升温区为100℃,时间为120min；高温区温度135℃,时间120min；保温区温度125℃,180min;降温区80℃,时间60min。
4、小试及中试证明了应用ZJFC-Ⅰ防腐剂压制户外家具用防腐重组竹材可行,压制的重组竹材具有良好的物理力学性能、加工性能、表面装饰性能和防腐防霉性能。户外防腐重组竹材有着非常广阔的发展空间,拓展了竹材的应用领域,具有很好的环境效益和经济效益。
China is abundant in bamboo resources. Developing bamboo- processing industry is an important approach of solving wood supply gap currently. As bamboo is rich in nutrients, it is liable to rot, mildew, infesting and so on in the preservation and use. A study of anti-corrosion and anti-mildew technique has very important significance to develop bamboo resources efficiently.
In this paper, we chose pressed bamboo strip as the material. Three kinds of mould fungi and two kinds of decay fungi were used as main harmful bacteria. In order to choose the appropriate preservative for recombination bamboo timber of outdoor furniture, the pressed bamboo strip was treated by five environment-friendly water-borne preservatives and then tested the properties. On the basis of this, this paper studied preservation and production process of outdoor strand recombination bamboo timber. Then the verification was tested, and this process was used in the pilot test successfully. A good comprehensive anti-corrosion recombination bamboo timber used in outdoor furniture was developed. The results of this study are summarized as below.
1、Five preservatives were used on the pressed bamboo compared with the untreated group. The result showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the pressed bamboo were higher than the standard. Reconstituted bamboo itself has natural decay resistance. The loss rate of the five preservatives group and the untreated group were all below 11%, which reached the high anti decay level.The decay resistance of reconstituted bamboo on brown-rot fungi was higher than on white-rot fungi. The weight lose rate of white-rot was 10.11%, while that of brown-rot was 6.84%. The decay resistance of the untreated group was weak, which appeared white mycelium on the surface of the raw materials in a week and mildewed in 28 days. The decay resistance of reconstituted bamboo by the five preservatives were improved significantly.
Considering the price of preservatives, leach resistance and other factors, the comprehensive properties of ZJFC-Ⅰwas the best one. Therefore, we chooses ZJFC-Ⅰas the preservative in the production of the outdoor recombination bamboo timber.
2、Orthogonal experimental was adopted to obtain the reasonable vacuum-pressure in the preservative-treated process the bamboo. Based on the anti-mold effectiveness, the effect factors were investigated, including the preservative concentration, molding pressure and pressing time. The result showed that the concentration of preservative was the important factor in influence the bamboo preservative retention, then the molding pressure and the pressing time. The optimal choice of preservation process was:preservative concentration was 0.8%, molding pressure was 1.2MPa, and pressing time was 4h.Under these conditions, anti-mold effectiveness was 92.33%.
3、Orthogonal experimental was adopted to obtain the reasonable production process. The effect factors were investigated, including density of the timber, the time of impregnation and glue strength. The result showed the density of the timber was the important factor, then glue strength and the time of impregnation. The optimal choice of production process was:density of the timber was 1.1 g/cm3, the time of impregnation was 30 min and glue strength was 28%.
It was need to solidifying stereotypes after the cold-press process. There are four stages in the process. It was under the temperature of 100℃continuing 120 min,then 135℃continuing 120min,then 125℃continuing 180min,and then 80℃continuing 60min.
4、It was possible to use ZJFC-Ⅰin the production of outdoor recombination bamboo furniture by experiment in laboratory and factory.Good physical and mechanical properties, well processing properties, excellent surface decoration properties, anti-mildew and anticorrosive properties were found in the timber. The research of outdoor recombination bamboo timber had wide space for development and expanded application fields of bamboo and created good environmental and economic benefits.
本论文以辗压竹束为试验材料,以黑曲霉、绿色木霉和橘青霉为主要霉菌菌种,以白腐菌和褐腐菌为腐朽菌菌种,采用五种环境友好型水溶性防腐剂对碾压竹束进行防腐处理,压制重组竹材,进行性能测试,综合分析筛选出适合于户外重组竹材使用的竹材防腐剂。并进行了辗压竹束防腐处理工艺和重组竹材生产工艺的优化研究,最后进行了验证试验,并在生产线上成功进行了中试,开发出了综合性能优异的户外家具用防腐重组竹材。本研究的结果归纳如下：
1、采用五种防腐剂处理重组竹材,同时与未防腐处理重组竹材进行对比,进行防腐剂筛选试验,结果证明：经过处理的重组竹材物理力学性能远远高于标准要求,重组竹本身具有天然耐腐性,未防腐处理重组竹材和五种防腐剂处理重组竹材重量损失率均在11%以下,均达到Ⅰ级强耐腐,其中重组竹材对褐腐菌的耐腐性高于对白腐菌的耐腐性,白腐菌失重率为10.11%,而对褐腐菌的失重率只有6.84%。但未防腐处理重组竹材防霉性能较差,一周时间内就出现白色菌丝,28天后全部发霉,五种防腐剂处理重组竹材防霉性能有明显改善。综合考虑到防腐剂价格、抗流失性能等因素,ZJFC-Ⅰ防腐剂的综合性能最好。
2、采用正交试验对碾压竹束进行防腐处理工艺优化,以防霉效力为指标,分别考察了防腐剂浓度、加压压力和加压时间对防腐处理的影响。结果表明,防腐剂浓度是影响防腐效力最显著的因素,其次为加压压力,加压时间对其影响最小。竹束防腐处理最优工艺为：防腐剂浓度0.8%、加压压力1.2MPa、加压时间4h,在此条件下,防霉效力达到92.33%。
3、采用正交试验进行防腐处理后的碾压竹束压制重组竹材生产工艺的优化研究,考察了重组竹材密度、浸胶时间和酚醛树脂固体含量的影响。结果表明,重组竹材密度对其影响最大,其次为酚醛树脂固体含量,浸胶时间影响最小。最佳生产工艺为重组竹材密度1.1g/cm3、浸胶时间为30min、酚醛树脂固体含量28%。冷压后竹方需要固化定型处理,处理条件为升温区为100℃,时间为120min；高温区温度135℃,时间120min；保温区温度125℃,180min;降温区80℃,时间60min。
4、小试及中试证明了应用ZJFC-Ⅰ防腐剂压制户外家具用防腐重组竹材可行,压制的重组竹材具有良好的物理力学性能、加工性能、表面装饰性能和防腐防霉性能。户外防腐重组竹材有着非常广阔的发展空间,拓展了竹材的应用领域,具有很好的环境效益和经济效益。
China is abundant in bamboo resources. Developing bamboo- processing industry is an important approach of solving wood supply gap currently. As bamboo is rich in nutrients, it is liable to rot, mildew, infesting and so on in the preservation and use. A study of anti-corrosion and anti-mildew technique has very important significance to develop bamboo resources efficiently.
In this paper, we chose pressed bamboo strip as the material. Three kinds of mould fungi and two kinds of decay fungi were used as main harmful bacteria. In order to choose the appropriate preservative for recombination bamboo timber of outdoor furniture, the pressed bamboo strip was treated by five environment-friendly water-borne preservatives and then tested the properties. On the basis of this, this paper studied preservation and production process of outdoor strand recombination bamboo timber. Then the verification was tested, and this process was used in the pilot test successfully. A good comprehensive anti-corrosion recombination bamboo timber used in outdoor furniture was developed. The results of this study are summarized as below.
1、Five preservatives were used on the pressed bamboo compared with the untreated group. The result showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the pressed bamboo were higher than the standard. Reconstituted bamboo itself has natural decay resistance. The loss rate of the five preservatives group and the untreated group were all below 11%, which reached the high anti decay level.The decay resistance of reconstituted bamboo on brown-rot fungi was higher than on white-rot fungi. The weight lose rate of white-rot was 10.11%, while that of brown-rot was 6.84%. The decay resistance of the untreated group was weak, which appeared white mycelium on the surface of the raw materials in a week and mildewed in 28 days. The decay resistance of reconstituted bamboo by the five preservatives were improved significantly.
Considering the price of preservatives, leach resistance and other factors, the comprehensive properties of ZJFC-Ⅰwas the best one. Therefore, we chooses ZJFC-Ⅰas the preservative in the production of the outdoor recombination bamboo timber.
2、Orthogonal experimental was adopted to obtain the reasonable vacuum-pressure in the preservative-treated process the bamboo. Based on the anti-mold effectiveness, the effect factors were investigated, including the preservative concentration, molding pressure and pressing time. The result showed that the concentration of preservative was the important factor in influence the bamboo preservative retention, then the molding pressure and the pressing time. The optimal choice of preservation process was:preservative concentration was 0.8%, molding pressure was 1.2MPa, and pressing time was 4h.Under these conditions, anti-mold effectiveness was 92.33%.
3、Orthogonal experimental was adopted to obtain the reasonable production process. The effect factors were investigated, including density of the timber, the time of impregnation and glue strength. The result showed the density of the timber was the important factor, then glue strength and the time of impregnation. The optimal choice of production process was:density of the timber was 1.1 g/cm3, the time of impregnation was 30 min and glue strength was 28%.
It was need to solidifying stereotypes after the cold-press process. There are four stages in the process. It was under the temperature of 100℃continuing 120 min,then 135℃continuing 120min,then 125℃continuing 180min,and then 80℃continuing 60min.
4、It was possible to use ZJFC-Ⅰin the production of outdoor recombination bamboo furniture by experiment in laboratory and factory.Good physical and mechanical properties, well processing properties, excellent surface decoration properties, anti-mildew and anticorrosive properties were found in the timber. The research of outdoor recombination bamboo timber had wide space for development and expanded application fields of bamboo and created good environmental and economic benefits.
引文
[1]张齐生.科学合理地利用我国的竹材资源[J].木材加工机械,1995(4)：23-27.
[2]刘磊,廖红霞等.毛竹等6种竹材的天然耐久性试验[J].广东林业科技,2005,21(2)：6-9.
[3]张齐生.科学合理地利用我国的竹材资源[J].木材加工机械,1995(4)：23-27.
[4]唐永裕.竹材资源的工业性开发利用[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997,16(2)：26-33.
[5]孙芳利,段新芳.竹材防霉研究概况及其展望[J].世界竹藤通讯,2004,2(4)：1-4.
[6]国家林业局森林资源管理司.第六次全国森林资源清查及森林资源状况(1999-2003)[J].绿色中国.
[7]宋维明,程宝栋.未来中国木材资源获取途径探究.北京林业大学学报(社会科学版).2006.12：3.
[8]张齐生,程渭由.中国竹工艺品(第2版)[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2003.
[9]叶良明,余学军,韩红等.高节竹和水泥混合物的水化特性[J].浙江林学院学报,2002,19(1)：1-4.
[10]李琴,华锡奇,戚连忠.重组竹发展前景展望[J].竹子研究汇刊,2001,20(1)：76-79.
[11]张彬渊.重组竹-可持续发展的家具优质新材料[J].家具,2008,164(3)：64-66.
[12]汪孙国,华毓坤.重组竹制造工艺的研究[J].木材工业,1991,5(2).
[13]叶良明,叶建华,江志宏等.重组竹板材的研究——去青与不去青的比较[J].竹子研究汇刊,1996,15(1)：58-65.
[14]http://club.china.alibaba.com/forum/thread/view.html?forumld=142&threadld=24378858.
[15]吴旦人.竹材防护[M].长沙：湖南科技技术出版社,1992.
[16]虞华强.竹材材性研究概述[J].世界竹藤通讯,2003,1(4)：5-9.
[17]于文吉,江泽慧,叶克林.竹材特性研究及其进展[J].世界林业研究,2002(2)：50-55.
[18]王雅梅,刘君良,王喜明.竹材的特性与防腐技术[J].木材工业,2004(2)：28-29.
[19]汤宜庄,衰亦生.竹材防霉防腐处理研究[J].木材工业,1990,4(2)1-6.
[20]王文久,辉朝茂等.竹材霉腐真菌研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1999,19(4)：26-35.
[21]王文久,辉朝茂等.竹材的霉腐与霉腐真菌[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(2)：40-43.
[22]吴开云,翁月霞.竹材霉腐类型及其与环境条件的关系[J].林业科学研究,2000,13(1)：63-70.
[23]卫民,崔卫宁.木材防腐的现状与发展[J].林产化工通讯,1997, (6)：10-13.
[24]方桂珍,任世学,金钟铃.木材防腐剂的研究进展[J].东北林业大学学报,2001,29(5)：88-90.
[25]蒋明亮.新型木材防腐剂一百菌清的研究近况[J].木材工业,1997,11(4)：21-22,27.
[26]骆土寿,施振华,温秋莲.用TMO处理竹地板材的防霉效果研究[J].林业科技通讯,1998(1)：18-19,22.
[27]马灵飞,杜复元,肖建木.DP防腐剂对竹材防霉效果的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1990,9(2)：30-36.
[28]宋桢,尤纪雪,何文龙.ACB防腐剂用于竹材防霉的试验[J].林业科技开发,1994(3)：29-30.
[29]American Wood Preservatives'Association (AWPA) Standard [S].2002.
[30]覃道春,王雅梅等.铜唑类防腐剂在竹材中的固着性[J].木材工业,2004,18(1)：30-31.
[31]孙芳利,段新芳等.CMC系列防腐剂对毛竹材的防霉效果[J].林业科学,2006,42(3)：40-43.
[32]孙芳利,段新芳等.壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防白腐性能(英文)[J].林业科学,2007,43(4)：82-87.
[33]孙芳利,段新芳等.壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防褐腐作用及力学性能(英文)[J].林业 科学,2007,43(8)：106-110.
[34]王雅梅,刘君良,王喜明.ACQ防腐剂处理竹材的防腐性能和抗流失性能[J].木材工业,2008,22(2)：14-16.
[35]赖椿根,马灵飞.ZF野生植物抽提液对竹材防霉效果的试验[J].西南林学院学报,1993,13(4)293-296.
[36]胡贤松.肉脯烘烤用竹筛的防霉研究与应用[J].肉类工业,2003(4)：3.
[37]邓邵平.竹材防霉染色处理的初步研究[J].木材工业,2005,19(2)：38-40.
[38]肖忠平,杨文斌,陆断圣.阻燃碳化竹地板生产研究[J].建筑人造板,2001(1)：25-26.
[39]谢满华,赵广杰.竹片的炭化及染液着色处理技术[J].竹子研究汇刊,2004,23(1)：37-41.
[40]吴海萍,张海滨.出口竹制品防霉现状及其研究进展[J].世界竹藤通讯,2006,4(2)：32-33.
[41]刘秀英.五种竹材室内耐腐性能的研究[J].林产工业,1997,24(1)：13-15.
[42]Kumar S.防腐处理竹材的自然耐久性和野地实用性能实验[J]. Journal of the TDA,1998,44(3):17-24.
[43]刘秀英,周明,林露露.防腐处理竹材的室内抗腐性试验[J].木材工业,1990,4(3)：25-28.
[44]冉隆贤.竹材防霉研究进展[J].经济林研究,1996,14(4)：56-58.
[45]Walter Liese.竹子在使用过程中的保护[J].世界竹藤通讯,2003,1(2)：38-40.
[46]陆沙骏.城市户外家具的人性化设计研究[D].江南大学硕士论文,2004.
[47]许蕾.现代户外休闲家具研究[D].南京林业大学硕士论文,2008.
[48]陆俊.城市建设为户外家具内销打开另一扇门[N].消费日报,2006.8.9.
[49]尤齐钧.全球户外家具市场320亿美元[J].国际木业,2006,36(9)：31.
[50]陆杰.休闲经济“不休闲”[N].中国小康指数,2006,1：21-22.
[51]http://www.bmlink.com/news/html/news_Info82_095699817.html.
[52]安易.户外休闲产业渐入佳境[J].海内与海外,2006,5：23-25.
[53]周密.美国对室外家具的需求增长[J].国际木业,2008,1：53.
[54]http://home.focus.cn/news/2008-05-07/103169.html.
[55]吴智慧.国外家具工业的现状和发展趋势[J].世界林业研究,1998,11(1)：43-49.
[56]周慧明.木材防腐[M].北京：中国林业出版社,1993.
[57]Lebow S. Leaching of Wood Preservative Components and Their Mobility in the Environment[R]. U-SDA, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report,1993, FPLGTR-93,1-36.
[58]Smith WR, Wu Q. Durability improvement for structural wood composites through chemical treatments-Current state of the art [J]. Forest Products Journal,2005,52 (2):82-71.
[59]陈瑞香,张一帆编著。实验设计与数据处理[M].哈尔滨：东北林业大学出版社.2001：136--147.
[60]刘正学著.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2005：106-111.
[61]濮安彬,陆仁书.单宁胶刨花板含水率及浸水时间对吸水厚度膨胀率的影响.木材工业,1997,11(4)：12-14.
[2]刘磊,廖红霞等.毛竹等6种竹材的天然耐久性试验[J].广东林业科技,2005,21(2)：6-9.
[3]张齐生.科学合理地利用我国的竹材资源[J].木材加工机械,1995(4)：23-27.
[4]唐永裕.竹材资源的工业性开发利用[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997,16(2)：26-33.
[5]孙芳利,段新芳.竹材防霉研究概况及其展望[J].世界竹藤通讯,2004,2(4)：1-4.
[6]国家林业局森林资源管理司.第六次全国森林资源清查及森林资源状况(1999-2003)[J].绿色中国.
[7]宋维明,程宝栋.未来中国木材资源获取途径探究.北京林业大学学报(社会科学版).2006.12：3.
[8]张齐生,程渭由.中国竹工艺品(第2版)[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2003.
[9]叶良明,余学军,韩红等.高节竹和水泥混合物的水化特性[J].浙江林学院学报,2002,19(1)：1-4.
[10]李琴,华锡奇,戚连忠.重组竹发展前景展望[J].竹子研究汇刊,2001,20(1)：76-79.
[11]张彬渊.重组竹-可持续发展的家具优质新材料[J].家具,2008,164(3)：64-66.
[12]汪孙国,华毓坤.重组竹制造工艺的研究[J].木材工业,1991,5(2).
[13]叶良明,叶建华,江志宏等.重组竹板材的研究——去青与不去青的比较[J].竹子研究汇刊,1996,15(1)：58-65.
[14]http://club.china.alibaba.com/forum/thread/view.html?forumld=142&threadld=24378858.
[15]吴旦人.竹材防护[M].长沙：湖南科技技术出版社,1992.
[16]虞华强.竹材材性研究概述[J].世界竹藤通讯,2003,1(4)：5-9.
[17]于文吉,江泽慧,叶克林.竹材特性研究及其进展[J].世界林业研究,2002(2)：50-55.
[18]王雅梅,刘君良,王喜明.竹材的特性与防腐技术[J].木材工业,2004(2)：28-29.
[19]汤宜庄,衰亦生.竹材防霉防腐处理研究[J].木材工业,1990,4(2)1-6.
[20]王文久,辉朝茂等.竹材霉腐真菌研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1999,19(4)：26-35.
[21]王文久,辉朝茂等.竹材的霉腐与霉腐真菌[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(2)：40-43.
[22]吴开云,翁月霞.竹材霉腐类型及其与环境条件的关系[J].林业科学研究,2000,13(1)：63-70.
[23]卫民,崔卫宁.木材防腐的现状与发展[J].林产化工通讯,1997, (6)：10-13.
[24]方桂珍,任世学,金钟铃.木材防腐剂的研究进展[J].东北林业大学学报,2001,29(5)：88-90.
[25]蒋明亮.新型木材防腐剂一百菌清的研究近况[J].木材工业,1997,11(4)：21-22,27.
[26]骆土寿,施振华,温秋莲.用TMO处理竹地板材的防霉效果研究[J].林业科技通讯,1998(1)：18-19,22.
[27]马灵飞,杜复元,肖建木.DP防腐剂对竹材防霉效果的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1990,9(2)：30-36.
[28]宋桢,尤纪雪,何文龙.ACB防腐剂用于竹材防霉的试验[J].林业科技开发,1994(3)：29-30.
[29]American Wood Preservatives'Association (AWPA) Standard [S].2002.
[30]覃道春,王雅梅等.铜唑类防腐剂在竹材中的固着性[J].木材工业,2004,18(1)：30-31.
[31]孙芳利,段新芳等.CMC系列防腐剂对毛竹材的防霉效果[J].林业科学,2006,42(3)：40-43.
[32]孙芳利,段新芳等.壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防白腐性能(英文)[J].林业科学,2007,43(4)：82-87.
[33]孙芳利,段新芳等.壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防褐腐作用及力学性能(英文)[J].林业 科学,2007,43(8)：106-110.
[34]王雅梅,刘君良,王喜明.ACQ防腐剂处理竹材的防腐性能和抗流失性能[J].木材工业,2008,22(2)：14-16.
[35]赖椿根,马灵飞.ZF野生植物抽提液对竹材防霉效果的试验[J].西南林学院学报,1993,13(4)293-296.
[36]胡贤松.肉脯烘烤用竹筛的防霉研究与应用[J].肉类工业,2003(4)：3.
[37]邓邵平.竹材防霉染色处理的初步研究[J].木材工业,2005,19(2)：38-40.
[38]肖忠平,杨文斌,陆断圣.阻燃碳化竹地板生产研究[J].建筑人造板,2001(1)：25-26.
[39]谢满华,赵广杰.竹片的炭化及染液着色处理技术[J].竹子研究汇刊,2004,23(1)：37-41.
[40]吴海萍,张海滨.出口竹制品防霉现状及其研究进展[J].世界竹藤通讯,2006,4(2)：32-33.
[41]刘秀英.五种竹材室内耐腐性能的研究[J].林产工业,1997,24(1)：13-15.
[42]Kumar S.防腐处理竹材的自然耐久性和野地实用性能实验[J]. Journal of the TDA,1998,44(3):17-24.
[43]刘秀英,周明,林露露.防腐处理竹材的室内抗腐性试验[J].木材工业,1990,4(3)：25-28.
[44]冉隆贤.竹材防霉研究进展[J].经济林研究,1996,14(4)：56-58.
[45]Walter Liese.竹子在使用过程中的保护[J].世界竹藤通讯,2003,1(2)：38-40.
[46]陆沙骏.城市户外家具的人性化设计研究[D].江南大学硕士论文,2004.
[47]许蕾.现代户外休闲家具研究[D].南京林业大学硕士论文,2008.
[48]陆俊.城市建设为户外家具内销打开另一扇门[N].消费日报,2006.8.9.
[49]尤齐钧.全球户外家具市场320亿美元[J].国际木业,2006,36(9)：31.
[50]陆杰.休闲经济“不休闲”[N].中国小康指数,2006,1：21-22.
[51]http://www.bmlink.com/news/html/news_Info82_095699817.html.
[52]安易.户外休闲产业渐入佳境[J].海内与海外,2006,5：23-25.
[53]周密.美国对室外家具的需求增长[J].国际木业,2008,1：53.
[54]http://home.focus.cn/news/2008-05-07/103169.html.
[55]吴智慧.国外家具工业的现状和发展趋势[J].世界林业研究,1998,11(1)：43-49.
[56]周慧明.木材防腐[M].北京：中国林业出版社,1993.
[57]Lebow S. Leaching of Wood Preservative Components and Their Mobility in the Environment[R]. U-SDA, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report,1993, FPLGTR-93,1-36.
[58]Smith WR, Wu Q. Durability improvement for structural wood composites through chemical treatments-Current state of the art [J]. Forest Products Journal,2005,52 (2):82-71.
[59]陈瑞香,张一帆编著。实验设计与数据处理[M].哈尔滨：东北林业大学出版社.2001：136--147.
[60]刘正学著.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2005：106-111.
[61]濮安彬,陆仁书.单宁胶刨花板含水率及浸水时间对吸水厚度膨胀率的影响.木材工业,1997,11(4)：12-14.