基于腹部CT平片的肝脏三维重建研究
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摘要
医学图像的三维重建是医学数据三维可视化研究的主要内容，也是科学数据可视化研究的一个重要分支。医学图像的三维重建是把医学图像信息以三维方式显示出来，可以给医护人员提供更直观、更完整的医学信息，在临床疾病诊断、临床治疗和医学基础研究方面有重要的实用价值。作者在本论文中通过对医学图像三维重建的理论基础进行了深入全面的分析和讨论，研究了基于腹部CT平片的肝脏三维重建技术，并在Delphi开发平台上通过调用OpenGL函数，设计了一套实用的基于腹部CT平片的肝脏三维重建软件。
作者对科学数据的三维可视化理论进行了分析和讨论，并结合临床应用，对医学图像三维可视化技术的发展和应用进行了研究。随着计算机技术、三维可视化理论和计算机图形学的发展，医学图像的三维可视化技术也从傅立叶变换、卷积反投影等基本图像处理算法，发展到真正的三维重建算法：面绘制和体绘制；医学图像的三维可视化技术的应用也从三维医学成像发展到虚拟内窥镜，以及今天的虚拟可视化人体研究；而图像的配准、图像分割、体数据集的构建、三维空间插值则是医学图像三维可视化实现过程中的关键技术环节。
在医学图像三维可视化理论分析和研究的基础上，作者根据腹部CT平片的特点，设计了通过在Delphi环境中调用OpenGL函数实现肝脏三维重建的实用软件。该软件包括CT图像预处理和肝脏三维重建两部分，其中，CT图像预处理的主要功能是，它通过对CT图像序列的几何配准处理，肝脏和肿瘤区域的交互式选择和分割，中值图像滤波去除图像噪声，以提取出包含正常肝脏组织、肿瘤组织和背景区域的简化图像模型；肝脏三维重建的功能包括：从简化图像模型提取图像信息，通过空间数据插值、构建体数据集，最后通过三维体绘制实现肝脏三维重建。同时，该软件还可以实现三维目标旋转的交互式处理。
作者在本论文中通过对三维数据可视化理论、医学图像三维重建技术及实现方法的分析和研究，设计了一套实用的基于腹部CT平片的肝脏三维重建软件。实验结果表明，该软件较完整地实现了基于断层图像序列的三维重建，重建结果的三维效果较明显，交互性操作性强。达到了利用腹部CT平片实现肝脏三维重建，从而辅助医生对肝脏肿瘤进行诊断的目的。
The 3D reconstruction of medical image is the main area in medical dada 3D visualization, and is a important research branch in science data visualization too. The 3D reconstruction of medical image is to display the medical information in 3D style to provide more comprehensive medical information directly, and has more practical value in clinical diagnosis, treatment and basic medical study. In this thesis, the author has studied the theories of medical image 3D reconstruction and the technologies of liver 3D reconstruction based on abdomen CT images serials, and designed a soft ware for 3D liver reconstruction in the Delphi platform by transfer OpenGL API.
Firstly, the author analyzed the theories of science data 3D visualization. Sequentially, the author discussed the technologies of medical image 3D visualization according to the clinical applications. With the development of computer, 3D visualization and computer graphics, the 3D visualization of medical images has progressed from Fourier transform and convolve inverse projection to MPR(Multi-Planar Reformation, MPR) and MTP(maximum intensity projection, MTP), nowadays, the real 3D reconstruction method , surface and volume rendering has risen. The image registering, image segmentation, pixel data set construction and 3D special interpolation are the key technologies in medical images 3D reconstruction.
Based on the studying of those theories for medical image 3D reconstruction, the author designed a practical soft ware for 3D liver reconstruction based on the characters of abdomen CT images serials in Delphi environment by transfer OpenGL API. The proposed software comprised CT image pre-processing and 3D liver reconstruction. The function of pre-processing include algibra registering of CT image serials, interactive segmentation of liver and cancer region from pre-processed CT image, de-noise by medieam-filtering. The main function of liver 3D reconstruction is to sample data of normal liver, cancer and bacground from pre-processed CT image. Also, this soft ware can achieve spatial interpolation, construction pixel data set. The 3D liver reconstruction is based on volume rendering algorithm, and the interactive operation of rotation and incision on reconstructed liver can be accomplished with the proposed software very. It has been proved that this soft ware can achieve the full process of 3D reconstruction based on CT images serials, and object has obvious 3D effect and can be operated interactively.
作者对科学数据的三维可视化理论进行了分析和讨论，并结合临床应用，对医学图像三维可视化技术的发展和应用进行了研究。随着计算机技术、三维可视化理论和计算机图形学的发展，医学图像的三维可视化技术也从傅立叶变换、卷积反投影等基本图像处理算法，发展到真正的三维重建算法：面绘制和体绘制；医学图像的三维可视化技术的应用也从三维医学成像发展到虚拟内窥镜，以及今天的虚拟可视化人体研究；而图像的配准、图像分割、体数据集的构建、三维空间插值则是医学图像三维可视化实现过程中的关键技术环节。
在医学图像三维可视化理论分析和研究的基础上，作者根据腹部CT平片的特点，设计了通过在Delphi环境中调用OpenGL函数实现肝脏三维重建的实用软件。该软件包括CT图像预处理和肝脏三维重建两部分，其中，CT图像预处理的主要功能是，它通过对CT图像序列的几何配准处理，肝脏和肿瘤区域的交互式选择和分割，中值图像滤波去除图像噪声，以提取出包含正常肝脏组织、肿瘤组织和背景区域的简化图像模型；肝脏三维重建的功能包括：从简化图像模型提取图像信息，通过空间数据插值、构建体数据集，最后通过三维体绘制实现肝脏三维重建。同时，该软件还可以实现三维目标旋转的交互式处理。
作者在本论文中通过对三维数据可视化理论、医学图像三维重建技术及实现方法的分析和研究，设计了一套实用的基于腹部CT平片的肝脏三维重建软件。实验结果表明，该软件较完整地实现了基于断层图像序列的三维重建，重建结果的三维效果较明显，交互性操作性强。达到了利用腹部CT平片实现肝脏三维重建，从而辅助医生对肝脏肿瘤进行诊断的目的。
The 3D reconstruction of medical image is the main area in medical dada 3D visualization, and is a important research branch in science data visualization too. The 3D reconstruction of medical image is to display the medical information in 3D style to provide more comprehensive medical information directly, and has more practical value in clinical diagnosis, treatment and basic medical study. In this thesis, the author has studied the theories of medical image 3D reconstruction and the technologies of liver 3D reconstruction based on abdomen CT images serials, and designed a soft ware for 3D liver reconstruction in the Delphi platform by transfer OpenGL API.
Firstly, the author analyzed the theories of science data 3D visualization. Sequentially, the author discussed the technologies of medical image 3D visualization according to the clinical applications. With the development of computer, 3D visualization and computer graphics, the 3D visualization of medical images has progressed from Fourier transform and convolve inverse projection to MPR(Multi-Planar Reformation, MPR) and MTP(maximum intensity projection, MTP), nowadays, the real 3D reconstruction method , surface and volume rendering has risen. The image registering, image segmentation, pixel data set construction and 3D special interpolation are the key technologies in medical images 3D reconstruction.
Based on the studying of those theories for medical image 3D reconstruction, the author designed a practical soft ware for 3D liver reconstruction based on the characters of abdomen CT images serials in Delphi environment by transfer OpenGL API. The proposed software comprised CT image pre-processing and 3D liver reconstruction. The function of pre-processing include algibra registering of CT image serials, interactive segmentation of liver and cancer region from pre-processed CT image, de-noise by medieam-filtering. The main function of liver 3D reconstruction is to sample data of normal liver, cancer and bacground from pre-processed CT image. Also, this soft ware can achieve spatial interpolation, construction pixel data set. The 3D liver reconstruction is based on volume rendering algorithm, and the interactive operation of rotation and incision on reconstructed liver can be accomplished with the proposed software very. It has been proved that this soft ware can achieve the full process of 3D reconstruction based on CT images serials, and object has obvious 3D effect and can be operated interactively.
引文
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[13] Tong X, Tang Z. Hardware Assisted Fast Volume Rendering with Boundary Enhancement. Journal of Computer & Technology. 1998.13(5).P393-401
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[16] Sobierajski L M ,Avila R S. A Hardware Acceleration Method for Volumetric Ray Tracing. Proceedings, Visualization'95. Oct. 1995.P27-34
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[26] Van Wijk J J. Spot Noise: Texture Synthesis for Data Visualization Computer Graphics. 1991. 25(4).P309-318
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[28] 陈莉.三维矢量场可视化的基础算法研究.浙江大学博士论文.1996年1月
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