数字控制三相三线并联型有源电力滤波器的设计与实现
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摘要
随着非线性负载的大量应用,电网中的谐波含量日益增加,造成电能质量恶化。电力有源滤波器以其优越的补偿性能,已成为电力电子技术领域的研究热点之一。而其中并联型有源电力滤波器过去和将来都将占据重要地位。
本文首先给出了三相三线制并联型有源电力滤波器的系统构成以及工作原理。在有源电力滤波器的电路结构上建立了d-q同步旋转坐标系下的基本数学模型,为以后的谐波检测和电流控制分析打下了基础。
实时、高精度的谐波检测是有源电力滤波器的重要部分。本文着重分析了基于瞬时无功功率理论的三种检测方法,并最终确定本设计采用基于Park变换的d-q法。对快速傅里叶变换进行了详细的理论分析,总结了FFT运算的规律,分析了用DSP实现FFT算法的优势,并给出了FFT在有源电力滤波中的应用程序流程图。
对并联型APF电流环采用了SVPWM控制方式。电流环数字控制器通常以PI调节器为控制核心,但纯PI调节器在有源滤波中存在一定的局限性。进而提出了在数字电流环中引入重复控制技术以提高系统的稳态性能。故提出了并联型重复+PI控制方法,用PI环节保证系统的稳定性,同时依靠重复控制器提高输出电流的跟踪精度。针对电网电压波动对有源滤波器的影响进行了详细的分析,提出了通过电网电压和输出电流前馈的方法对其扰动进行抑制。
针对有源电力滤波器的特点提出了其辅助电源的设计方法。并用实验证明双管正激辅助电源的稳压精度高、输出纹波低,具有较高的实用价值。
最后在以上研究的基础上,本文研制了一台三相三线并联型有源电力滤波器装置。利用此装置对上述方法进行了大量的实验和仿真研究,实验和仿真结果表明本文提出的方法完全适用于并联型有源电力滤波器,确保了有源电力滤波器的补偿性能。
With the proliferation of nonlinear loads, the amount of harmonic current has increased. This causes the power quality beyond acceptable level in many situations. Therefore, the active power filter (APF) with its predominant compensate performance, has been a hot research spot in power electronics area. The shunt active power filter plays the most important role in the past or future.
Firstly, this thesis has presented the system structure and operation principles of three-phase three-wire parallel APF. The analysis of harmonic detection and current control is based on mathematic model of APF.
Real-time and accurate harmonic detection is the key for practical active filter implementation. Specified introductions of the three current detection ways based on instantaneous reactive power theory are given, and finally the d-q detection method based on Park transformation is used in our design. This thesis has presented a specified theory analysis of FFT, the summary of the rule of FFT calculation, the advantages of FFT calculation by using DSP, and the program flow chart of APF contains FFT.
The SVPWM digital control is used in the current loop . PI controller is usually the core of control, but there is the limitation of pure PI controller in active filtering. In order to achieve better characteristics in the steady state of APF, this thesis has proposed a way of adding the repetitive control technology to the digital current loop. In this control strategy, the proportion-integral control is used to guarantee system dynamic performance and the repetitive control loop is to improve current waveform quality. The feed forward of network voltage and output current is proposed to decrease the impaction of voltage fluctuation on the performance of active power filter.
This thesis has proposed the design of switch mode power supply. The experiment has proved that the system has a highly stability, a lower output ripples and a great practical value.
In terms of the proposed control approaches and operation principle, a three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter is established and corresponding experiment and simulation studies are done. Through the simulation and experiment, it can be verified that the key techniques for APF described in this paper, including control strategy, main circuit design, harmonic detection and application solutions, etc, is viable and effective, which ensures the performance of active power filter.
本文首先给出了三相三线制并联型有源电力滤波器的系统构成以及工作原理。在有源电力滤波器的电路结构上建立了d-q同步旋转坐标系下的基本数学模型,为以后的谐波检测和电流控制分析打下了基础。
实时、高精度的谐波检测是有源电力滤波器的重要部分。本文着重分析了基于瞬时无功功率理论的三种检测方法,并最终确定本设计采用基于Park变换的d-q法。对快速傅里叶变换进行了详细的理论分析,总结了FFT运算的规律,分析了用DSP实现FFT算法的优势,并给出了FFT在有源电力滤波中的应用程序流程图。
对并联型APF电流环采用了SVPWM控制方式。电流环数字控制器通常以PI调节器为控制核心,但纯PI调节器在有源滤波中存在一定的局限性。进而提出了在数字电流环中引入重复控制技术以提高系统的稳态性能。故提出了并联型重复+PI控制方法,用PI环节保证系统的稳定性,同时依靠重复控制器提高输出电流的跟踪精度。针对电网电压波动对有源滤波器的影响进行了详细的分析,提出了通过电网电压和输出电流前馈的方法对其扰动进行抑制。
针对有源电力滤波器的特点提出了其辅助电源的设计方法。并用实验证明双管正激辅助电源的稳压精度高、输出纹波低,具有较高的实用价值。
最后在以上研究的基础上,本文研制了一台三相三线并联型有源电力滤波器装置。利用此装置对上述方法进行了大量的实验和仿真研究,实验和仿真结果表明本文提出的方法完全适用于并联型有源电力滤波器,确保了有源电力滤波器的补偿性能。
With the proliferation of nonlinear loads, the amount of harmonic current has increased. This causes the power quality beyond acceptable level in many situations. Therefore, the active power filter (APF) with its predominant compensate performance, has been a hot research spot in power electronics area. The shunt active power filter plays the most important role in the past or future.
Firstly, this thesis has presented the system structure and operation principles of three-phase three-wire parallel APF. The analysis of harmonic detection and current control is based on mathematic model of APF.
Real-time and accurate harmonic detection is the key for practical active filter implementation. Specified introductions of the three current detection ways based on instantaneous reactive power theory are given, and finally the d-q detection method based on Park transformation is used in our design. This thesis has presented a specified theory analysis of FFT, the summary of the rule of FFT calculation, the advantages of FFT calculation by using DSP, and the program flow chart of APF contains FFT.
The SVPWM digital control is used in the current loop . PI controller is usually the core of control, but there is the limitation of pure PI controller in active filtering. In order to achieve better characteristics in the steady state of APF, this thesis has proposed a way of adding the repetitive control technology to the digital current loop. In this control strategy, the proportion-integral control is used to guarantee system dynamic performance and the repetitive control loop is to improve current waveform quality. The feed forward of network voltage and output current is proposed to decrease the impaction of voltage fluctuation on the performance of active power filter.
This thesis has proposed the design of switch mode power supply. The experiment has proved that the system has a highly stability, a lower output ripples and a great practical value.
In terms of the proposed control approaches and operation principle, a three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter is established and corresponding experiment and simulation studies are done. Through the simulation and experiment, it can be verified that the key techniques for APF described in this paper, including control strategy, main circuit design, harmonic detection and application solutions, etc, is viable and effective, which ensures the performance of active power filter.
引文
[1]郭新.基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波电流检测. [硕士论文].燕山大学, 2003. 3
[2]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.机械工业出版社,1998. 9
[3]陈坚.电力电子学—电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社, 2002
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[5] W. S. Carter. The future of programmable logic and its impact on digital system design. IEEE International Conference on Computer Design, VLSI in Computers and Processors, 1994. 10~16
[6]周方圆,唐朝晖.有源电力滤波器的研究现状与发展.电测与仪表, 2005年第8期,42(106). 1-4
[7] Akagi H, Nabae A. Instantaneous Reactive Power Compensators Comprising Switching Device Without Energy Storage Components. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1984;20(3):625-630
[8] Takeshi Furuhashi, Shigeru Okuma, Yoshiki Uchikawa. A study on the theory of instantaneous reactive power. IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics 1990. 37(1).86-90
[9]陆延信,毛晓波.有源型谐波抑制无功补偿装置计算机仿真及实验研究.电器传动,1989, 6: 41-49
[10]李红,杨善水.电力系统谐波检测的状态与发展.现代电子技术,2004.26-30
[11]卓放,杨君,王兆安.电力有源滤波器的发展动态及其应用.电气自动化, 2000(4)30-63
[12]陈国柱,吕征宇,钱照明.电力有源滤波器的一般原理及应用.中国电机工程学报, 2000(9).14-17
[13] Akagi.H. New trends in active filters for power conditioning. IEEE Trans. On Industry Application, vol.32, No.6, 1996: PP. 1312-1322
[14]熊健.三相电压型高频PWM整流器研究[D].武汉:华中理工大学,1999
[15]史伟伟,蒋全,胡敏强等.三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型和主电路设计.东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2002.1,32(1): 50-55
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[20]王群,周雒维,吴宁.一种基于神经网络的自适应谐波电流检测法.重庆大学学报:自然科学版,1997.9;20(5):6-11
[21] Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components. IEEE Trans. Ind. Application, 1984, 20(3). 625-630
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[23]宋晓庆. DSP在电力系统谐波测量中的应用研究. [硕士论文].山东大学, 2004.5
[24]田培根,王平,张静.一种基于TMS320LF2407A的有效FFT实现.电子器件, 2006.6
[25]姚天任,江太辉.数字信号处理.华中科技大学出版社, 1999.8
[26]郑君里.信号与系统.高等教育出版社, 2000.5
[27]吴美娟,岳俭.数字信号处理其中FFT的实现.研发与应用, 2004.5
[28]汪小平.定点DSP上FFT汇编算法和精度分析.中国仪器仪表, 2006.4
[29]耿攀.三相三线并联型有源电力滤波器设计与控制. [硕士论文].华中科技大学, 2006.4
[30]唐灵芝.有源滤波器控制系统研究. [硕士论文].北方交通大学, 2000.1
[31]刘和平.TMS320LF240xDSP结构、原理及应用.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002.1
[32] Bhim Singh, Kamal Al-Haddad, A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement. IEEE,1999, .610-616
[33] Don A. G. Pedder, Andrew D. Brown, Neil Ross, and Alan C. Willams . A Parrel-Connected Active Filter for the Reduction of Supply Current Distortion . IEEE TRANCTION ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONNICS, VOL. 47, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2000, 201-212
[34] M.EI-Habrouk, MK.Darwish and P.Mehta . Active power filter: A review . IEEE Proc-Elect. Power Appl. Vol. 147. No. 5. Semptember 2000,366-370
[35]马永健,徐政,沈沉.有源电力滤波器闭环控制算法研究.电工技术学报.2006.2
[36] H. Akagi. Control strategy and site selection of a shunt active power filter for damping of harmonic propagation in power systems. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Jan. 1997, 12(1). 354-363
[37]方昕.并联型有源电力滤波器的电流数字控制技术. [硕士论文].华中科技大学.2006.4
[38]唐欣,罗安,涂春鸣.一种电力有源滤波器电流控制的新方法.电力系统自动化,2004.7
[39]杨露露.并联型有源电力滤波器电流控制算法的研究.山东电力技术, 2002.3
[40] Jeong S, Woo M. DSP-based active power filter with predictive current control[J]. IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electron.,1997, 44(3):329-336.
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[2]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.机械工业出版社,1998. 9
[3]陈坚.电力电子学—电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社, 2002
[4] R.Teodorescu , F.Blaabjerg , Teodorescu , F.Blaabjerg , [5] W. S. Carter. The future of programmable logic and its impact on digital system design. IEEE International Conference on Computer Design, VLSI in Computers and Processors, 1994. 10~16
[5] W. S. Carter. The future of programmable logic and its impact on digital system design. IEEE International Conference on Computer Design, VLSI in Computers and Processors, 1994. 10~16
[6]周方圆,唐朝晖.有源电力滤波器的研究现状与发展.电测与仪表, 2005年第8期,42(106). 1-4
[7] Akagi H, Nabae A. Instantaneous Reactive Power Compensators Comprising Switching Device Without Energy Storage Components. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1984;20(3):625-630
[8] Takeshi Furuhashi, Shigeru Okuma, Yoshiki Uchikawa. A study on the theory of instantaneous reactive power. IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics 1990. 37(1).86-90
[9]陆延信,毛晓波.有源型谐波抑制无功补偿装置计算机仿真及实验研究.电器传动,1989, 6: 41-49
[10]李红,杨善水.电力系统谐波检测的状态与发展.现代电子技术,2004.26-30
[11]卓放,杨君,王兆安.电力有源滤波器的发展动态及其应用.电气自动化, 2000(4)30-63
[12]陈国柱,吕征宇,钱照明.电力有源滤波器的一般原理及应用.中国电机工程学报, 2000(9).14-17
[13] Akagi.H. New trends in active filters for power conditioning. IEEE Trans. On Industry Application, vol.32, No.6, 1996: PP. 1312-1322
[14]熊健.三相电压型高频PWM整流器研究[D].武汉:华中理工大学,1999
[15]史伟伟,蒋全,胡敏强等.三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型和主电路设计.东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2002.1,32(1): 50-55
[16] P. W. Lehn. Exact Modeling of the Voltage Source Converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, January 2002, 17(1): 217-222
[17]李庚银,陈志业,丁巧林. dq坐标系下广义瞬时无功功率定义及其补偿.中国电机工程学报,1996,16(3)
[18]李民,王兆安,卓放.基于瞬时无功理论的高次谐波和无功电流检测.电力电子技术,2002(2)
[19]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究[ J ].电工技术学报, 1995, 10 (2) : 43248.
[20]王群,周雒维,吴宁.一种基于神经网络的自适应谐波电流检测法.重庆大学学报:自然科学版,1997.9;20(5):6-11
[21] Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components. IEEE Trans. Ind. Application, 1984, 20(3). 625-630
[22]杨君,王兆安,丘关源.不对称三相电路谐波及基波电流实时检测方法的研究[J].西安交通大学学报, 1996, 30(3). 94-100
[23]宋晓庆. DSP在电力系统谐波测量中的应用研究. [硕士论文].山东大学, 2004.5
[24]田培根,王平,张静.一种基于TMS320LF2407A的有效FFT实现.电子器件, 2006.6
[25]姚天任,江太辉.数字信号处理.华中科技大学出版社, 1999.8
[26]郑君里.信号与系统.高等教育出版社, 2000.5
[27]吴美娟,岳俭.数字信号处理其中FFT的实现.研发与应用, 2004.5
[28]汪小平.定点DSP上FFT汇编算法和精度分析.中国仪器仪表, 2006.4
[29]耿攀.三相三线并联型有源电力滤波器设计与控制. [硕士论文].华中科技大学, 2006.4
[30]唐灵芝.有源滤波器控制系统研究. [硕士论文].北方交通大学, 2000.1
[31]刘和平.TMS320LF240xDSP结构、原理及应用.北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002.1
[32] Bhim Singh, Kamal Al-Haddad, A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement. IEEE,1999, .610-616
[33] Don A. G. Pedder, Andrew D. Brown, Neil Ross, and Alan C. Willams . A Parrel-Connected Active Filter for the Reduction of Supply Current Distortion . IEEE TRANCTION ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONNICS, VOL. 47, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2000, 201-212
[34] M.EI-Habrouk, MK.Darwish and P.Mehta . Active power filter: A review . IEEE Proc-Elect. Power Appl. Vol. 147. No. 5. Semptember 2000,366-370
[35]马永健,徐政,沈沉.有源电力滤波器闭环控制算法研究.电工技术学报.2006.2
[36] H. Akagi. Control strategy and site selection of a shunt active power filter for damping of harmonic propagation in power systems. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Jan. 1997, 12(1). 354-363
[37]方昕.并联型有源电力滤波器的电流数字控制技术. [硕士论文].华中科技大学.2006.4
[38]唐欣,罗安,涂春鸣.一种电力有源滤波器电流控制的新方法.电力系统自动化,2004.7
[39]杨露露.并联型有源电力滤波器电流控制算法的研究.山东电力技术, 2002.3
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