用户名: 密码: 验证码:
冀北部边缘城市张家口的多层住宅建筑节能设计研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着经济的发展,人口的增长,人们生活水平的日益提高,人类对能源的需求量也在不断的增加。而中国正如世界各国一样,正面临着能源短缺的危机,而且能源的浪费又造成环境的污染,空气质量的下降。其中,建筑作为一个耗能大户,世界各国纷纷提出相应建筑节能措施。
     我国建筑节能工作已经取得了一定的成绩,制定并颁布了一系列节能标准、法规,开发了一些计算机模拟软件,在建筑材料、建筑技术等方面也取得了很大进展。但与国外建筑节能相比,还有很大差距,存在着许多问题,缺乏局域性、地方性研究。
     张家口市是冀北部边缘城市,位于严寒和寒冷地区交界处,偏于严寒地区。张家口市经济发展比较落后,人们的节能意识比较薄弱,节能体制、法规不够健全。虽然《民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》(JGJ26-95)已颁布实施很多年,张家口市住宅建筑在节能方面也取得了一定的成效,但张家口市住宅的设计、施工与该标准还相差甚远。在住宅设计时虽然也要求填写建筑节能设计备案表,但实际的工程与设计又有很大的出入,致使当地住宅建筑能源消耗量大,远远超过节能标准的要求。而对张家口市的住宅建筑节能做因地制宜的研究,目前尚属空白。
     张家口市目前的住宅基本全部是单元式多层住宅。本研究根据张家口市地理位置、气候特征、自然资源和能源结构、经济发展及当地的习惯等,依据《民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》(JGJ26-95),采用理论计算,计算机模拟、问卷调查及现场测试方法,对该区目前住宅建筑的能耗及室内热环境状况作一分析评价,找出该区住宅建筑节能存在的问题,分析该区住宅建筑节能的潜力,提出该区住宅建筑节能的必要性和紧迫性,引起决策者、设计者、施工人员等相关技术人员对建筑节能的重视。
     本文借鉴国内外的技术经验,结合张家口市的具体情况,对该市住宅围护结构的墙体、门窗、屋顶等进行节能分析,提出适合本地区住宅建筑在围护结构方面的节能设计方案,并对新设计方案进行节能、经济性分析评价,做到使该区住宅建筑的节能符合国家、区域的各项政策、法规、标准和规范,用较少的投入,获取较高的建筑节能经济效益、社会效益和环境效益,实现该区城市住宅的可持续发展。
With the developing of economy, the growth of population and the improvement of our living standard, our demand for energy is increasing. However, just like other countries in the w orld, w e a re facing w ith e nergy crisis. In addition, t he w aste o f e nergy h as b rought about environmental pollution and poor air condition. As the main energy consuming family, architecture has been emphasized by many countries in terms of energy-saving and as a result, the corresponding measures have been put forward.
    We have made some achievements in architectural energy-saving. For example, a series of energy-saving criteria and statutes have been laid down and published, some computer analogue software have been developed, and there are also some achievements in terms of building materials and techniques. Nevertheless, compared with foreign architectural energy-saving measures, there are still some problems in ours, such as the lack of research on regional and local condition.
    Zhang Jiakou is a border city in the north of North China, which is located in the juncture of bitter cold areas and cold areas. Because of its backward economy, people have less conscious of saving energy in building, and energy-saving systems and statutes are not amplified too. Although <> (JGJ26-95) has been issued for many years, and there are some effects in terms of energy-saving of Zhang Jiakou residential building, there is still a big gap between the design and construction of this area and the given standard, In the process of designing, an energy-saving design file needs filling in. However, there is discrepancy between actual construction and design i tself, so that local residential building consumes a lot of energy, which surpass the energy-saving standard. Accordingly, there are no suitable measures to local condition in terms of energy-saving in residential architecture.
    The present residential buildings of Zhang Jiakou city are all multi-story buildings. Based on the geographical position, climate features, energy structure, economic development and local customs; in the light of <> (JGJ26-95) , the thesis give an overall evolution on the residential energy consumption and thermal environment indoors of this area, analyze the problems and potential in energy-saving, put forward the necessity and urgency in saving energy, and arouse the attention of policy-makers, designers and constructors by the theoretical calculation, computer analogue, investigation and on-the-spot test.
    
    
    Using the techniques and experience of China and other countries for reference, the paper gives an analysis on the energy-saving of envelop such as walls, doors, windows and roof in the light of specific conditions of Zhang Jiakou city. The new energy-saving design plan that is suitable for the local residential building is put forward and analyzed from the perspective of economy. The design will make the building energy-saving of this area tally with the national and regional policies, regulations, criteria and standard with little investment, more benefits, architectural energy-saving can be achieved with respect to economy, society and environment so that the sustainable development of urban residence in this area can be realized.
引文
1、刘加平主编,建筑物理,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
    2、彦启森、赵庆珠合编,建筑热过程,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986
    3、刘加平编著,城市环境物理,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1993
    4、西安建筑科技大学绿色建筑研究中心编,绿色建筑,北京:中国计划出版社,1999
    5、杨善勤编著,民用建筑节能设计手册,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
    6、张家口市统计局,张家口市统计年鉴,天津:高等教育出版社,1998
    7、张家口市档案馆编,张家口地理与经济,内部资料,1998
    8、河北省建设委员会,河北省建筑工程预算定额,北京:中国计划出版社,1998
    9、河北省建设委员会,河北省建筑工程综合费用定额,北京:中国计划出版社,1998
    10、河北省工程建设标准化管理办公室编,98系列建筑标准设计图集,北京:中国计划出版社,1998
    11、华北地区建筑设计标准化办公室等编,88J建筑构造通用图集,1988
    12、陈学俊 袁旦庆编著,能源工程,西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.8.
    13、周庆凡,世界能源开发利用现状和格局,中国能源,2002(12)
    14、建设部,建设部建筑节能“十五”计划纲要,建筑节能,2002(39)
    15、B.吉沃尼著,陈士驎译,人·气候·建筑,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982
    16、[英]T·A·马克斯、E·N·莫里斯著,陈士驎译,建筑物·气候·能量,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990
    17、孙继颖编著,空心砖与建筑,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988.8
    18、[日]真锅恒博著,马俊、刘荣原译,住宅节能概论,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987
    19、[日]山田雅士著,景贵琴译,建筑绝热,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987
    20、JGJ26-95民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分),1995
    21、GB50176-93民用建筑热工设计规范,北京:中国计划出版社,1993
    22、中国建筑业协会建筑节能专业委员会编著,建筑节能技术,北京:中国计划出版社,1996
    23、中国建筑业协会建筑节能专业委员会等编著,外墙外保温技术,北京:中国计划出版社,1999
    24、房志勇等编著,建筑节能技术,北京:中国建材工业出版社,1998
    25、姚自君等编著,建筑新技术·新构造·新材料,北京:建筑工业出版社,1991
    26、田原博士、Bruno Keller博士教授,为低能耗建筑提供更有效的采暖和制冷系统,
    
    第十一届全国暖通空调技术信息网大会论文集,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
    27、柳孝图主编,建筑物理,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991
    28、[苏]B·H·巴格斯罗夫斯基著,单寄平译,建筑热物理学,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
    29、麦金太尔D著,龙惟定等译,室内气候,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987
    30、黄如宝,建筑经济学,上海:同济大学出版社,1993
    31、钱昆润,建筑经济与建筑技术经济,南京:东南大学出版社,1993
    32、陈盛,狄洪发,北京若干住宅建筑的热环境分析,西安建筑科技大学,2001(3)
    33、董海荣,刘加平等,张家口市住宅围护结构热工性能及能耗分析,暖通空调,2003(4)
    34、高山,建筑保温措施节能效益的评价,暖通空调,1985(2)
    35、孙克光,采用高效保温隔热材料 提高住宅建筑节能水平,建筑学报,1997(7)
    36、中国建筑业协会建筑节能专业委员会外墙外保温理事会,GKP外墙外保温技术指南,建筑节能 2002(38)
    37、林海燕,居住建筑围护结构的节能问题,建筑科学,2001.10(5)
    38、石元璞等,寒冷地区墙体构造设计商讨,哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1995(1)
    39、战余环,寒冷地区窗在围护结构中的节能研究,低温建筑技术,2000(1)
    40、朱文鹏,北京市安苑北里北区节能居住小区节能设计和效果,建筑技术,2000(11)
    41、张伟等,关于住宅建筑节能问题的探讨,住宅科技,1999(8)
    42、金鸿祥,卧龙小区建筑节能50%的研究与实践,施工技术,1998(7)
    43、李英等,寒区住宅节能保温设计中应注意平衡,低温建筑技术,1999(4)
    44、郑茂余,严寒地区节能建筑室内热环境研究,低温建筑技术,2000(4)
    45、尹庆祥、丛树京,寒冷地区乡村住宅保温节能技术研究,建筑技术,1996(11)
    46、G(?)l Koclar Oral and Zerrin Yilmaz, Building form for cold climatic zones related to building envelope from heating energy conservation point of view, Energy and Building 13(2002)
    47、Jan Kosny, Ph.D., Advances in residential wall technologies-simple ways of decreasing the whole building energy consumption, ASHRAE Transactions: Symposia, 2001
    48、Mousa S.Mohsen and Bilal A.Akash, Some prospects of energy savings in buildings, Energy Conversion and Management 42(2001)
    49、Jamal O.Jaber, Prospects of energy savings in residential space heating, Energy and Building 34(2002)
    50、Brenda and Robert Vale, Green Architecture: Design for a sustainable future, London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1991

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700