三元复合驱驱油机理及注入方式优化研究
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摘要
本文在对国内外化学驱的资料调研基础上,通过设计微观网络模型、并联岩芯的驱油实验,研究了三元复合驱中超低界面张力、乳化作用、流度比、润湿性改变等影响驱油效果的因素,并在此基础上对三元复合驱进行了配方筛选和注入方式优化方面的研究,对三元复合驱在大庆油田的进一步推广有一定的指导作用。主要研究结论可归纳为下述几点:
1、三元复合驱既能提高驱油效率,又能提高波及系数,其驱油机理是:(1)超低界面张力的作用,增加了毛管数,降低了剩余油含油饱和度,提高驱油效率;(2)聚合物的加入,增加了驱替剂的粘性,降低了油水流度比,减缓了指进现象,改善了驱替液的流场分布,增加了驱替液的波及系数;(3)三元复合体系与原油形成乳状液,在运动过程中不断碰撞、聚并,并逐渐形成油墙,扩大波及范围并将更多的微观残余油乳化分散成油滴驱替出来。(4)表面活性剂与碱的加入,改变了油层的润湿性。
2、与笼统注入方式相比,P/ASP*交替注入扩大波及体积作用明显加强,低渗层吸液量有效提高,化学剂利用率得以改善,实验室并联实验结果表明,交替注入可进一步提高采收率5个百分点左右;室内条件下,采用交替注入方式,同时结合降低碱浓度及复配表面活性剂可降低化学剂费用近20%。
On the basis of the information analysis of chemical flooding, the ultra-low interfacial tension, emulsion, mobility ratio, wettability of reservoir in the ASP flooding were investigated by the core flooding tests with micro-model, parallel connection physical model. Based on the experiments the injection mode of ASP flooding was optimized, and the results should be constructive for the popularization of ASP flooding. The main conclusions are as follow:
1. The ASP flooding can not only increases the oil displacement efficiency, but also improves the sweep coefficient. The mechanisms of the ASP flooding are: (1) The ultra-low interfacial tension between oil and water can increase the capillary number and decrease the oil saturation of remaining oil, so it would improve the oil displacement efficiency; (2) The addition of the polymer can increase the viscosity of the system and decrease the mobility ratio, so it can improve the flow field, reduce the finger advace and increase the sweep coefficient; (3) The ASP system and crude oil can form the emulsion, the oil drop will aggregate continually and form the oil wall, then more and more residual oil will be emulsified and displaced; (4) The addition of surfactant and alkali changes the wettability of reservoir.
2. The parallel connection core tests shows that the alternately injection of P/ASP can increase the sweep efficiency obviously compared with the normal infection mode of ASP flooding, the fruid injection of the low permeability layer improve availably, and the oil recovery can be increased about 5%. In the core test, the cost of the ASP flooding can be reduced about 20% with the alternately injection mode and combined with the reduction of the alkaline and surfactant.
1、三元复合驱既能提高驱油效率,又能提高波及系数,其驱油机理是:(1)超低界面张力的作用,增加了毛管数,降低了剩余油含油饱和度,提高驱油效率;(2)聚合物的加入,增加了驱替剂的粘性,降低了油水流度比,减缓了指进现象,改善了驱替液的流场分布,增加了驱替液的波及系数;(3)三元复合体系与原油形成乳状液,在运动过程中不断碰撞、聚并,并逐渐形成油墙,扩大波及范围并将更多的微观残余油乳化分散成油滴驱替出来。(4)表面活性剂与碱的加入,改变了油层的润湿性。
2、与笼统注入方式相比,P/ASP*交替注入扩大波及体积作用明显加强,低渗层吸液量有效提高,化学剂利用率得以改善,实验室并联实验结果表明,交替注入可进一步提高采收率5个百分点左右;室内条件下,采用交替注入方式,同时结合降低碱浓度及复配表面活性剂可降低化学剂费用近20%。
On the basis of the information analysis of chemical flooding, the ultra-low interfacial tension, emulsion, mobility ratio, wettability of reservoir in the ASP flooding were investigated by the core flooding tests with micro-model, parallel connection physical model. Based on the experiments the injection mode of ASP flooding was optimized, and the results should be constructive for the popularization of ASP flooding. The main conclusions are as follow:
1. The ASP flooding can not only increases the oil displacement efficiency, but also improves the sweep coefficient. The mechanisms of the ASP flooding are: (1) The ultra-low interfacial tension between oil and water can increase the capillary number and decrease the oil saturation of remaining oil, so it would improve the oil displacement efficiency; (2) The addition of the polymer can increase the viscosity of the system and decrease the mobility ratio, so it can improve the flow field, reduce the finger advace and increase the sweep coefficient; (3) The ASP system and crude oil can form the emulsion, the oil drop will aggregate continually and form the oil wall, then more and more residual oil will be emulsified and displaced; (4) The addition of surfactant and alkali changes the wettability of reservoir.
2. The parallel connection core tests shows that the alternately injection of P/ASP can increase the sweep efficiency obviously compared with the normal infection mode of ASP flooding, the fruid injection of the low permeability layer improve availably, and the oil recovery can be increased about 5%. In the core test, the cost of the ASP flooding can be reduced about 20% with the alternately injection mode and combined with the reduction of the alkaline and surfactant.
引文
[1]俞稼镛,宋万超,李之平,等.化学复合驱基础及进展[M].中国石化出版社,2002.1
[2]中国注水开发油田提高采收率潜力评价及发展战略研究(分报告)[R].石油工业出版社.1991,1
[3]韩显卿.提高采收率原理[M].石油工业出版社.1993,4.
[4]高树棠.低界面张力体系研究的进展[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1985年第3期。
[5]裘怿楠,薛叔浩,应凤祥.中国陆相油气储集层[M].石油工业出版社,1997.9
[6]沈平平,袁士义等.化学驱波及效率和驱替效率的影响因素研究.石油勘探与开发[J].2004,31(增刊):1-4.
[7]王尤富,黄宏度.石油羧酸盐三元复合体系的流度与驱油效率的关系.油田化学[J].1996,13(3):253-255.
[8]赵明国,张洪亮.化学剂的质量浓度对ASP体系驱油效率的影响.大庆石油学院学报[J].1997,21(2):26-29.
[9]赵明国,大庆油田三元复合驱中岩石润湿性的变化.大庆石油地质与开发[J]. 2000, 19(2):32-36.
[10]侯吉瑞,刘中春,夏惠芬等.三元复合体系的粘弹效应对驱油效率的影响.油气地质与采收率[J]. 2001,8(3):61-64.
[11]陈民锋,郎兆新.化学驱中相态变化对驱油效率的影响.新疆石油地质[J]. 2002,23(5):411-414.
[12]袁庆胜.动态界面张力特征及影响因素研究.油气地质与采收率[J].2003,10(3):59-61.
[13] Wright, R.J. Wheat, M.R. Dawe, R.A.,Slug Size and Mobility Requirements for Chemically Enhanced Oil Recovery within Heterogeneous Reservoirs. SPE 13704, 1987.
[14]郭尚平,黄延章,周娟等.物理化学渗流微观机理[M].科学出版社.1990.2
[15]张正卿,赵刚,廖广志,石建姿等编译,第十一届国际改善石油采收率会议译文集[M].石油工业出版社,1999。
[16]关文龙,万仲谋,陈永忠,三维物理模拟试验装备及试验技术,石油仪器[J].1997年第5期。
[17] Wang Demin, Cheng Jiecheng. Summary of ASP pilots in Daqing oil field.SPE 57288, 1999.
[18] Tong Z.S., A Study of microscopic flooding mechanism of surfactant/alkali/polymer, SPE 39662, 1998.
[19] Pede J M,Husain M I.SPE14307,1988
[20] Whitley R C , Ware J W. J Petrol Technol , 1977 ,29 :925 - 932.
[21] Wasan D T , McNamara J J , Shah S M et al.载:增效碱驱(复合驱)提高石油采收率译文集1北京:石油工业出版社,1993 :372- 386.
[22]肖衍繁,李文斌.物理化学[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2005.458-462
[23]耿杰,王海峰,杨勇,单存龙,伍晓林.大庆油田三元复合驱表面活性剂研究现状及发展方向[J].天津化工, 2008,(01)
[24]石艺.大庆油田大力推进核心技术攻关和重大现场试验[J].石油钻采工艺, 2008,(02)
[25]冯磊.弱碱三元复合驱配注系统物理防垢技术[J].油气田地面工程, 2008,(07)
[26]王东,李杰训,魏立新.三元复合驱采出液影响乳状液稳定的因素[J].油气田地面工程, 2008,(03)
[27]焦正杰,李杰训,魏立新.三元复合驱采出液的乳化与化学破乳[J].油气田地面工程, 2008,(03)
[28]刘扬,李杰训,王东.三元复合驱采出水中油珠的稳定性与破乳脱稳[J].国外油田工程, 2008,(11)
[29]褚奇,梁渠,曹杰,李磊.分子沉积(MD)膜提高采收率的实验室研究[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2008,(09)
[30]徐晖,秦积舜,姜汉桥.多元泡沫复合驱宏观渗流机理的三维物理模拟研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2008,(01)
[31]田玉芹,陈雷,张冬会,郭宏伟,赵玲胜.一种新型活性高分子驱油体系的研制与评价[J].石油天然气学报, 2008,(02)
[32]刘中春.提高采收率技术应用现状及其在中石化的发展方向[J].中国石化, 2008,(04)
[33]金羽.驱油剂的研究进展[J].辽宁化工, 2008,(10)
[34]云中客.乳状液中的水滴[J].物理, 2008,(04)
[35]杨润梅.注二元前置段塞防止三元乳化技术研究[D].大庆石油学院, 2006
[36]尚朝辉.桩西表面活性剂驱油体系的研究与应用[D].中国石油大学, 2007
[37]徐典平.杏北油田萨尔图油层提高采收率技术研究[D].大庆石油学院, 2007
[38]陈兰.界面性质在酸化添加剂中的作用及应用[D].中国石油大学, 2007
[39]杨柳.三元复合驱采出液的稳定性及破乳机理研究[J].河北化工, 2008,(05)
[40]马涛,邵红云,王海波,蒋平,魏铁军,汤达祯.无碱二元复合驱油体系室内实验研究[J].中国海上油气, 2008,(01)
[41]葛际江,刘海涛,张贵才,梁宝红,王东方.聚氧丙烯壬基酚醚硫酸酯盐/碱体系与原油动态界面张力研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版) , 2008,(05)
[42]黄志双.弱碱三元复合体系性质及其影响因素[J].大庆石油学院学报, 2008,(03)
[43]陈莉,胡仰栋,刘清芝.基于溶解度参数的界面张力分子模拟[J].计算机与应用化学, 2008,(06)
[2]中国注水开发油田提高采收率潜力评价及发展战略研究(分报告)[R].石油工业出版社.1991,1
[3]韩显卿.提高采收率原理[M].石油工业出版社.1993,4.
[4]高树棠.低界面张力体系研究的进展[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1985年第3期。
[5]裘怿楠,薛叔浩,应凤祥.中国陆相油气储集层[M].石油工业出版社,1997.9
[6]沈平平,袁士义等.化学驱波及效率和驱替效率的影响因素研究.石油勘探与开发[J].2004,31(增刊):1-4.
[7]王尤富,黄宏度.石油羧酸盐三元复合体系的流度与驱油效率的关系.油田化学[J].1996,13(3):253-255.
[8]赵明国,张洪亮.化学剂的质量浓度对ASP体系驱油效率的影响.大庆石油学院学报[J].1997,21(2):26-29.
[9]赵明国,大庆油田三元复合驱中岩石润湿性的变化.大庆石油地质与开发[J]. 2000, 19(2):32-36.
[10]侯吉瑞,刘中春,夏惠芬等.三元复合体系的粘弹效应对驱油效率的影响.油气地质与采收率[J]. 2001,8(3):61-64.
[11]陈民锋,郎兆新.化学驱中相态变化对驱油效率的影响.新疆石油地质[J]. 2002,23(5):411-414.
[12]袁庆胜.动态界面张力特征及影响因素研究.油气地质与采收率[J].2003,10(3):59-61.
[13] Wright, R.J. Wheat, M.R. Dawe, R.A.,Slug Size and Mobility Requirements for Chemically Enhanced Oil Recovery within Heterogeneous Reservoirs. SPE 13704, 1987.
[14]郭尚平,黄延章,周娟等.物理化学渗流微观机理[M].科学出版社.1990.2
[15]张正卿,赵刚,廖广志,石建姿等编译,第十一届国际改善石油采收率会议译文集[M].石油工业出版社,1999。
[16]关文龙,万仲谋,陈永忠,三维物理模拟试验装备及试验技术,石油仪器[J].1997年第5期。
[17] Wang Demin, Cheng Jiecheng. Summary of ASP pilots in Daqing oil field.SPE 57288, 1999.
[18] Tong Z.S., A Study of microscopic flooding mechanism of surfactant/alkali/polymer, SPE 39662, 1998.
[19] Pede J M,Husain M I.SPE14307,1988
[20] Whitley R C , Ware J W. J Petrol Technol , 1977 ,29 :925 - 932.
[21] Wasan D T , McNamara J J , Shah S M et al.载:增效碱驱(复合驱)提高石油采收率译文集1北京:石油工业出版社,1993 :372- 386.
[22]肖衍繁,李文斌.物理化学[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2005.458-462
[23]耿杰,王海峰,杨勇,单存龙,伍晓林.大庆油田三元复合驱表面活性剂研究现状及发展方向[J].天津化工, 2008,(01)
[24]石艺.大庆油田大力推进核心技术攻关和重大现场试验[J].石油钻采工艺, 2008,(02)
[25]冯磊.弱碱三元复合驱配注系统物理防垢技术[J].油气田地面工程, 2008,(07)
[26]王东,李杰训,魏立新.三元复合驱采出液影响乳状液稳定的因素[J].油气田地面工程, 2008,(03)
[27]焦正杰,李杰训,魏立新.三元复合驱采出液的乳化与化学破乳[J].油气田地面工程, 2008,(03)
[28]刘扬,李杰训,王东.三元复合驱采出水中油珠的稳定性与破乳脱稳[J].国外油田工程, 2008,(11)
[29]褚奇,梁渠,曹杰,李磊.分子沉积(MD)膜提高采收率的实验室研究[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2008,(09)
[30]徐晖,秦积舜,姜汉桥.多元泡沫复合驱宏观渗流机理的三维物理模拟研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2008,(01)
[31]田玉芹,陈雷,张冬会,郭宏伟,赵玲胜.一种新型活性高分子驱油体系的研制与评价[J].石油天然气学报, 2008,(02)
[32]刘中春.提高采收率技术应用现状及其在中石化的发展方向[J].中国石化, 2008,(04)
[33]金羽.驱油剂的研究进展[J].辽宁化工, 2008,(10)
[34]云中客.乳状液中的水滴[J].物理, 2008,(04)
[35]杨润梅.注二元前置段塞防止三元乳化技术研究[D].大庆石油学院, 2006
[36]尚朝辉.桩西表面活性剂驱油体系的研究与应用[D].中国石油大学, 2007
[37]徐典平.杏北油田萨尔图油层提高采收率技术研究[D].大庆石油学院, 2007
[38]陈兰.界面性质在酸化添加剂中的作用及应用[D].中国石油大学, 2007
[39]杨柳.三元复合驱采出液的稳定性及破乳机理研究[J].河北化工, 2008,(05)
[40]马涛,邵红云,王海波,蒋平,魏铁军,汤达祯.无碱二元复合驱油体系室内实验研究[J].中国海上油气, 2008,(01)
[41]葛际江,刘海涛,张贵才,梁宝红,王东方.聚氧丙烯壬基酚醚硫酸酯盐/碱体系与原油动态界面张力研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版) , 2008,(05)
[42]黄志双.弱碱三元复合体系性质及其影响因素[J].大庆石油学院学报, 2008,(03)
[43]陈莉,胡仰栋,刘清芝.基于溶解度参数的界面张力分子模拟[J].计算机与应用化学, 2008,(06)