发动机电磁驱动配气机构的研究
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摘要
应用电磁驱动配气机构取代常规发动机中的凸轮驱动配气机构,实现发动机进、排气门开启和关闭时刻、升程及其运动规律随发动机工况独立地、连续地实时优化调节,能够显著提升发动机的节能环保性能以及动力性能,是提高汽车发动机节能环保性能的重要技术发展方向。作为一种新型的全可变配气机构,电磁驱动配气机构具有结构简单、响应速度快、落座特性好和调节灵活等优点。本文提出了一类基于动圈式电磁直线执行器的发动机电磁驱动配气机构,运用理论分析、仿真计算与试验研究相结合的方法对其设计、分析及控制技术进行了深入、系统地研究,为电磁驱动配气机构的进一步深入研究和工程化应用奠定了基础。
论文的主要工作和研究成果包括以下几个方面：
(1)分析了发动机对电磁驱动配气机构的要求,对不同形式的电磁直线执行器进行了系统地评估,并提出了基于动圈式电磁直线执行器的电磁驱动配气机构系统方案。分别以在内燃—直线发电集成动力系统中的应用和满足汽车发动机高转速及有限安装空间为目标,完成了两轮电磁驱动配气机构的样机设计和研制,归纳了电磁驱动配气机构的一般设计方法。
(2)建立了电磁驱动配气机构的多物理场耦合系统模型。通过电磁场的有限元分析,对电磁驱动配气机构进行了结构参数设计,并得到了其电磁力特性。通过系统仿真分析了系统参数对电磁驱动配气机构性能的影响,并对其动态性能进行了仿真研究。通过Matlab/Simulink和Maxwell&Simplorer的仿真结果对比,论证了多物理场耦合仿真的优越性,为控制策略的研究提供了良好的平台。
(3)研究了基于逆系统方法的电磁驱动配气机构气门运动控制策略。提出了气门运动分段控制的总体方案,通过逆系统控制方法对电磁驱动配气机构进行反馈线性化,得到其伪线性系统,进而利用状态反馈控制方法对电磁驱动配气机构的气门位移进行精确控制,设计了状态反馈控制器和状态观测器,并与PID控制方法进行了仿真对比分析。提出了气门落座特性的评价指标,研究了气门落座速度和落座保持的控制方法。理论分析和试验验证了逆系统控制方法在电磁驱动配气机构气门位移精确控制中应用的可行性和效果。
(4)对电磁驱动配气机构的能耗进行了深入地分析和研究。从理论上分析了电磁驱动配气机构能耗的构成及产生机理,进而对不同发动机转速和气门运行模式下的电磁驱动配气机构能耗进行了试验研究,建立了发动机性能仿真模型,分析比较了电磁驱动配气机构在不同气门运行模式下的能耗与泵气损失的关系,为进一步气门运行模式的最优选择奠定了基础。
(5)构建了基于DSP的电磁驱动配气机构控制系统,并分别设计了电磁驱动配气机构静态性能和动态性能试验装置,完成了系统试验研究。通过试验对仿真得到的系统静态和动态特性进行验证,论证了仿真模型的正确性。综合评估了电磁驱动配气机构对气门运行参数的调节能力和在内燃一直线发电集成动力系统中的运行稳定性,为电磁驱动配气机构进一步的工程化应用提供了基础。
In engines equipped with electromagnetic valvetrain, the motion of the valves can be flexibly controlled as the engine working condition varies. Thus the engine's fuel economy, emissions and torque output performance will be significantly improved. The electromagnetic valvetrain is known as a novel fully flexibly variable valvetrain with simple structure, quick system response, and excellent valve seating performance. In this thesis, an electromagnetic valvetrain based on moving coil linear actuator was presented and researched by theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment. This thesis lays a foundation for further research and development of the electromagnetic valvetrain.
The main works and fruits of the thesis are as follows:
(1) Some types of electromagnetic linear actuator were evaluated based on the require-ment of electromagnetic valvetrain. The system scheme of the electromagnetic valvetrain was presented based on the moving coil electromagnetic linear actuator, and the system working principle was analyzed. Two electromagnetic valve actuator prototypes were developed aims at using in internal combustion-linear generator, and meeting the high engine speeds and limited mounting space, respectively. The design details of electromagnetic valvetrain were presented.
(2) The multi-field coupled system model of electromagnetic valvetrain were established. The configuration of electromagnetic valvetrain was designed by finite element analysis, and the electromagnetic force was obtained. The influence of system parameters on system char-acteristics was obtained by system simulation, the dynamic performance of electromagnetic valvetrain was also obtained. The system simulation models were established based on Mat-lab/Simulink and Maxwell&Simplorer respectively. The superiority of multi-field coupled sim-ulation has been demonstrated. The simulation model provides a powerful platform for control methodology.
(3) The thesis presents an sectional valve motion control strategy for electromagnetic valvetrain based on inverse system method. By linearization of the nonlinear electromagnetic valvetrain system, a pseudo linear system can be obtained. The state feedback control is used to control the valve motion. A state variable observer was designed to estimate the unmeasurable state variables. The proposed control method was also compared to the PID control method in simulation. The seating performance evaluating indicators were proposed. The control of valve seating velocity and holding force was investigated. Both the theoretical analysis and experiment show that the inverse system method is effective.
(4) The power consumption of electromagnetic valvetrain was analyzed in the thesis. The detailed power losses derivation of electromagnetic valvetrain was discussed. Then the power consumption at various engine speeds and valve operating modes were obtained by experi-ments. An engine performance simulation model was established, and the power consumption and pumping losses at various valve operating modes were shown and compared, which lays a foundation for valve operating modes selection.
(5) The control system of electromagnetic valvetrain was built based on DSP. The static and dynamic experiment setup were also developed, and the system experiments were carried out. The simulation results were compared with the experiment results, and the simulation models prove validity. The freedom and stability of the electromagnetic valvetrain were eval-uated, which lay a foundation for the further research and application of the electromagnetic valvetrain.
论文的主要工作和研究成果包括以下几个方面：
(1)分析了发动机对电磁驱动配气机构的要求,对不同形式的电磁直线执行器进行了系统地评估,并提出了基于动圈式电磁直线执行器的电磁驱动配气机构系统方案。分别以在内燃—直线发电集成动力系统中的应用和满足汽车发动机高转速及有限安装空间为目标,完成了两轮电磁驱动配气机构的样机设计和研制,归纳了电磁驱动配气机构的一般设计方法。
(2)建立了电磁驱动配气机构的多物理场耦合系统模型。通过电磁场的有限元分析,对电磁驱动配气机构进行了结构参数设计,并得到了其电磁力特性。通过系统仿真分析了系统参数对电磁驱动配气机构性能的影响,并对其动态性能进行了仿真研究。通过Matlab/Simulink和Maxwell&Simplorer的仿真结果对比,论证了多物理场耦合仿真的优越性,为控制策略的研究提供了良好的平台。
(3)研究了基于逆系统方法的电磁驱动配气机构气门运动控制策略。提出了气门运动分段控制的总体方案,通过逆系统控制方法对电磁驱动配气机构进行反馈线性化,得到其伪线性系统,进而利用状态反馈控制方法对电磁驱动配气机构的气门位移进行精确控制,设计了状态反馈控制器和状态观测器,并与PID控制方法进行了仿真对比分析。提出了气门落座特性的评价指标,研究了气门落座速度和落座保持的控制方法。理论分析和试验验证了逆系统控制方法在电磁驱动配气机构气门位移精确控制中应用的可行性和效果。
(4)对电磁驱动配气机构的能耗进行了深入地分析和研究。从理论上分析了电磁驱动配气机构能耗的构成及产生机理,进而对不同发动机转速和气门运行模式下的电磁驱动配气机构能耗进行了试验研究,建立了发动机性能仿真模型,分析比较了电磁驱动配气机构在不同气门运行模式下的能耗与泵气损失的关系,为进一步气门运行模式的最优选择奠定了基础。
(5)构建了基于DSP的电磁驱动配气机构控制系统,并分别设计了电磁驱动配气机构静态性能和动态性能试验装置,完成了系统试验研究。通过试验对仿真得到的系统静态和动态特性进行验证,论证了仿真模型的正确性。综合评估了电磁驱动配气机构对气门运行参数的调节能力和在内燃一直线发电集成动力系统中的运行稳定性,为电磁驱动配气机构进一步的工程化应用提供了基础。
In engines equipped with electromagnetic valvetrain, the motion of the valves can be flexibly controlled as the engine working condition varies. Thus the engine's fuel economy, emissions and torque output performance will be significantly improved. The electromagnetic valvetrain is known as a novel fully flexibly variable valvetrain with simple structure, quick system response, and excellent valve seating performance. In this thesis, an electromagnetic valvetrain based on moving coil linear actuator was presented and researched by theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment. This thesis lays a foundation for further research and development of the electromagnetic valvetrain.
The main works and fruits of the thesis are as follows:
(1) Some types of electromagnetic linear actuator were evaluated based on the require-ment of electromagnetic valvetrain. The system scheme of the electromagnetic valvetrain was presented based on the moving coil electromagnetic linear actuator, and the system working principle was analyzed. Two electromagnetic valve actuator prototypes were developed aims at using in internal combustion-linear generator, and meeting the high engine speeds and limited mounting space, respectively. The design details of electromagnetic valvetrain were presented.
(2) The multi-field coupled system model of electromagnetic valvetrain were established. The configuration of electromagnetic valvetrain was designed by finite element analysis, and the electromagnetic force was obtained. The influence of system parameters on system char-acteristics was obtained by system simulation, the dynamic performance of electromagnetic valvetrain was also obtained. The system simulation models were established based on Mat-lab/Simulink and Maxwell&Simplorer respectively. The superiority of multi-field coupled sim-ulation has been demonstrated. The simulation model provides a powerful platform for control methodology.
(3) The thesis presents an sectional valve motion control strategy for electromagnetic valvetrain based on inverse system method. By linearization of the nonlinear electromagnetic valvetrain system, a pseudo linear system can be obtained. The state feedback control is used to control the valve motion. A state variable observer was designed to estimate the unmeasurable state variables. The proposed control method was also compared to the PID control method in simulation. The seating performance evaluating indicators were proposed. The control of valve seating velocity and holding force was investigated. Both the theoretical analysis and experiment show that the inverse system method is effective.
(4) The power consumption of electromagnetic valvetrain was analyzed in the thesis. The detailed power losses derivation of electromagnetic valvetrain was discussed. Then the power consumption at various engine speeds and valve operating modes were obtained by experi-ments. An engine performance simulation model was established, and the power consumption and pumping losses at various valve operating modes were shown and compared, which lays a foundation for valve operating modes selection.
(5) The control system of electromagnetic valvetrain was built based on DSP. The static and dynamic experiment setup were also developed, and the system experiments were carried out. The simulation results were compared with the experiment results, and the simulation models prove validity. The freedom and stability of the electromagnetic valvetrain were eval-uated, which lay a foundation for the further research and application of the electromagnetic valvetrain.
引文
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