汉中市机械化制茶技术研究
摘要
汉中市机械化制茶技术研究,在邹志荣导师的指导下完成了各项研究任务。该课题在我市的南郑、西乡、勉县、宁强、城固、镇巴、略阳、洋县八个产茶县的78个乡镇、315个村、282个乡村茶场和制茶点实施。经过几年的工作,研究出了适合汉中炒青绿茶的一套机械化制茶工艺技术:鲜叶分级摊晾→杀青→揉捻→滚湿坯→摊晾→炒毛坯→摊晾→滚足干→摊晾→包装,及各工序的技术参数;研究出了适合汉中绿茶类名茶机械化制茶的一套完整技术:鲜叶分级摊晾→杀青→清风→做形→摊晾→初烘→摊晾→复烘→摊晾→包装,及各工序的技术参数。使我市名茶制造由传统的手工制作变为机械化制作,大宗绿茶由传统老式机械制茶变为新型机械制茶,名茶和大宗绿茶新型机械加工分别较手工加工,每公斤干茶可节省成本20.83元和3.14元,大宗绿茶新型机械加工较传统老式机械加工,每公斤干茶可节省成本0.09元。新型名茶机械制作比手工制作效率提高8.6倍,大宗绿茶新型机械加工比传统老式机械加工效率提高0.5倍以上,且成品茶品质稳定。这对我市绿茶类名茶及大宗绿茶加工技术的提高是一大突破和创新。几年来,共推广新型茶叶加工机械35个品种932台,共实现经济效益为2.79亿元。目前,该项技术的研究推广已在我市茶叶生产中发挥了重要的作用,大大促进了名茶生产的上批量,上档次,上规模,促进了大宗绿茶质量的上台阶,使我市茶叶产业化的总体水平也得到了提高,经济、社会和生态效益十分显著。有力地推进了我市乃至全省及周边毗邻茶区茶叶产业的快速发展。
This dissertation,including every task of this research,has been accomplished under my direction of my supervisor , Pro. Zhou Zhirong. All the research has been complemented and completed in 78 towns, 315 villages, 282 tea plantations and tea manufacturers in different counties as Nanzhen, Mianxian, Xixiang, Ningqiang, Chenggu, Zhengba, Lueyang, and Yangxian which are all major tea-grown areas and tea-manufacturing places in Hanzhong city. After quite a few years’experiments and hard work, a more efficient set of mechanical processing technologies ideal for Hanzhong green-tea manufacturing has been found out . The procedure is described as: to spread out and air the fresh tea leaves in grades---to treat tea leaves for green colour preservation---to rub and twist---to roll and make the fresh base---to spread out and air the base --- to fry the base---to spread out and dry the base again---to roll the base another time till dry enough--- to spread out and dry--- to pack it up and the products are finished. The technological parameters are described in this dissertation. The other set of mechanical processing technologies ideal for Hanzhong famous-tea manufacturing has also been sought out, and the procedure is described as: to spread out and air the fresh tea leaves in grades--- to treat tea leaves for green colour preservation---to breeze-dry---to form--- to spread out and dry once again--- to cure for the first time--- to spread out and dry again--- to cure for the second time---to spread out to dry for one more time--- to pack it up and the products are finished. The technological parameters are also enclosed in this dissertation. It has been found out that when large amounts of green tea have been manufactured by modern-type machines , the costs of famous tea and large amounts of green-tea can be cut down RMB 20.83 yuan and 3.14 yuan per kilogram respectively than manual operations and old traditional machines. In manufacturing large amounts of green-tea, the cost of per kilogram of dry green-tea can be saved RMB 0.09 yuan by the modern-type machines. While the quality is more stable than before, the efficiency made by the new-type machines for manufacturing famous-tea products has been improved by 8.6 times than manual operations, more than 0.5 times by machines for manufacturing large amounts of green-tea than the old machines; which have proved an important breakthrough and great innovation, even a technological revolution in the manufacturing of green-tea, famous-tea, and large amounts of green-tea in Hanzhong tea industry. Over the past few years, 35 different modern-types of 932 tea-manufacturing machines in total have been popularized and used, which achieved an economic benefit of RMB 279,000,000 yuan. Today, the popularization and use of the technologies has been playing an important role in tea-manufacturing in Hanzhong, and it has also vigorously promoted our famous-tea manufacturing in terms of amounts, grading, and scales. In addition, both the quality of large amounts of green tea and the whole level of industralization in green-tea manufacturing have been improved so much that all the remarkable economic, social, and ecological benefits can be successfully acquired. Thanks to the modern technologies, a rapid progress has been made and the developments in tea manufacturing industry are being promoted not only in Hanzhong but the whole province ,and even in the neighboring tea plantations as well.
This dissertation,including every task of this research,has been accomplished under my direction of my supervisor , Pro. Zhou Zhirong. All the research has been complemented and completed in 78 towns, 315 villages, 282 tea plantations and tea manufacturers in different counties as Nanzhen, Mianxian, Xixiang, Ningqiang, Chenggu, Zhengba, Lueyang, and Yangxian which are all major tea-grown areas and tea-manufacturing places in Hanzhong city. After quite a few years’experiments and hard work, a more efficient set of mechanical processing technologies ideal for Hanzhong green-tea manufacturing has been found out . The procedure is described as: to spread out and air the fresh tea leaves in grades---to treat tea leaves for green colour preservation---to rub and twist---to roll and make the fresh base---to spread out and air the base --- to fry the base---to spread out and dry the base again---to roll the base another time till dry enough--- to spread out and dry--- to pack it up and the products are finished. The technological parameters are described in this dissertation. The other set of mechanical processing technologies ideal for Hanzhong famous-tea manufacturing has also been sought out, and the procedure is described as: to spread out and air the fresh tea leaves in grades--- to treat tea leaves for green colour preservation---to breeze-dry---to form--- to spread out and dry once again--- to cure for the first time--- to spread out and dry again--- to cure for the second time---to spread out to dry for one more time--- to pack it up and the products are finished. The technological parameters are also enclosed in this dissertation. It has been found out that when large amounts of green tea have been manufactured by modern-type machines , the costs of famous tea and large amounts of green-tea can be cut down RMB 20.83 yuan and 3.14 yuan per kilogram respectively than manual operations and old traditional machines. In manufacturing large amounts of green-tea, the cost of per kilogram of dry green-tea can be saved RMB 0.09 yuan by the modern-type machines. While the quality is more stable than before, the efficiency made by the new-type machines for manufacturing famous-tea products has been improved by 8.6 times than manual operations, more than 0.5 times by machines for manufacturing large amounts of green-tea than the old machines; which have proved an important breakthrough and great innovation, even a technological revolution in the manufacturing of green-tea, famous-tea, and large amounts of green-tea in Hanzhong tea industry. Over the past few years, 35 different modern-types of 932 tea-manufacturing machines in total have been popularized and used, which achieved an economic benefit of RMB 279,000,000 yuan. Today, the popularization and use of the technologies has been playing an important role in tea-manufacturing in Hanzhong, and it has also vigorously promoted our famous-tea manufacturing in terms of amounts, grading, and scales. In addition, both the quality of large amounts of green tea and the whole level of industralization in green-tea manufacturing have been improved so much that all the remarkable economic, social, and ecological benefits can be successfully acquired. Thanks to the modern technologies, a rapid progress has been made and the developments in tea manufacturing industry are being promoted not only in Hanzhong but the whole province ,and even in the neighboring tea plantations as well.
引文
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[2]《制茶学》[M].陈椽教授主编.
[3]《茶叶市场学》[M].陈椽教授主编.
[4]《茗饮之道》[M].享受国务院特殊津贴的茶学专家、高级农艺师蔡如桂主编.
[5]《汉中茶谭》2005 年第一期创刊,汉中茶叶研究所、汉中市茶业协会主办,主编:蔡如桂;责任编辑:张星显、李大算.
[6] 申东.推进贵州无公害茶叶建设的思考[J].《贵州农业科学》,2004 年第 3 期.
[7] 朱仁学.国内制茶机械的现状与对策[J].《中国茶叶加工》,2003 年第 1 期.
[8]《汉中茶业》[M].程纯主编.
[9] 蔡立民.应大力推广名伏绿茶加工机械化[J].《农业科技推广》,2003 年第 4 期.
[10]《中国茶文化交流史》[M].腾军著.
[11]王泽农等编《茶叶深加工》[M].中国轻工业出版社..
[12]明子编著《绿茶与健康》[M].陕西旅游出版社.
[13]《徽州古茶事》[M].辽宁人民出版社.
[14]罗龙新等编《茶叶加工》,化学工业出版社.
[15]熊昌云.云南红茶生产加工实施 HACCP 的探讨[J].茶叶,2004 第 2 期.
[16]王兴思.袋泡茶叶包袋机的升级换代[J]中国包装工业,2004 年第 2 期.
[17]秦大东.绿色食品叶生产加工技术要求[J].茶叶通报,2004 年第 2 期.
[18]陈红伟.云南茶叶史话[J].中国茶叶加工 2003 年第 1 期.
[19]刘司祝.机械采茶的应用[J]农产品加工,2004 年第 3 期.
[20]邵永华.21 世纪中国茶业机械化展望[J].中国农机化,2004 年第 2 期.
[21]李小平.农机化研究,炒青绿茶机械加工技术现状与发展对策[J]. 2006 年第 10 期
[22]胡玺贤.农机科技行,发展茶叶生产机械化迫在眉睫[J].2006 年第 7 期.
[23]朱晓莲.农机科技行,茶叶机械的研究方向[J].2006 年第 6 期.
[24]郭晓明.杭州农业科技,机制名优茶的机械选型及工艺参数试验[J].2006 年第 6 期.
[25]章祥福.白茶栽培与加工技术[J].杭州农业科技,2005 年,第 3 期.
[26]郭晓明.名优茶机械化新工艺研究项目通过鉴定[J]。杭州农业科技,2005 年第 1 期.
[27]王若馨.隐茶杯赚就赚它个天翻地覆[J]。创新科技,2006 年第 6 期.
[28]李尚庆.我国茶叶清洁化加工现状和改进[J]。茶世界,2005 年第 7 期.
[29]汤固斌.乌龙茶机的特性与使用方法[J]。广西农学报,2006 年第 4 期.
[30]赵东华.加快文成名优茶加工机械发展的对策[J]。浙江农村机电,2006 年第 4 期.
[31]罗战彪.太湖县茶叶生产机械化存在的问题与对策[J]。农业装备技术,2006 年第 4 期.
[32]肖宏儒.绿茶加工设备的发展趋势[J].中国茶叶,2006 年第 3 期.
[33]高玉臣.国外袋泡茶包袋概况[J].中国包装,2006 年第 1 期.
[34]洪伟安.黄山市薇州茶叶生产机械化初探[J].农机质量与监督,2006 年第 2 期.
[35]唐春富.淳安开展茶叶生产全程机械化试验示范[J].浙江农村机电,2006 年第 2 期.
[36]胡民强.杭州市茶叶产业化现状与对策研究[J].杭州科技,2006 年第 2 期.
[37]权启爱.微波加热技术在茶叶加工中的应用[J].中国茶叶,2006 年第 2 期.
[38]詹爱华.溪口镇茶叶生产困境与发展对策[J].安徽农学通报,2006 年第 3 期.
[39]盛国成.茶叶生产与加工配套机械设备[J].现代农业袋备,2006 年第 2 期.
[40]成州.名茶机械进步与制造技术的更新[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2006 年第 1 期.
[41]程晓冬.我国首条绿色茶叶生产线落户体宁[J].小康生活,2006 年第 1 期.
[42]凌光汉.智能名茶杀青机自动名茶炒茶机的特点与使用现状[J].中国茶叶加工,2005 年第 4 期.
[43]成州.针形茶机制工艺研究及几个问题探讨[J].蚕桑茶叶通讯,2005 年第 4 期.
[44]李栋.杜仲茶的加工[J]. 中国茶叶,2004 年第 2 期.
[45]李尚庆.日本茶叶加工机械[J].中国茶叶,2005 年第 6 期.
[46]陆德彪.浙江茶情(3)[J].茶叶,2005 年第 3 期.
[47]张兆馨.茶叶加工设备优化组合配套[J].茶叶,2005 年第 3 期.
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