凡口铅锌矿盘区上向中深孔配套机械化采矿新工艺研究
摘要
在过去的几年里，凡口铅锌矿由于受采矿设备的品种或技术性能所限，盘区机械化未能配套，多数工序甚至仍保持普通充填法的半机械化作业，所以采场生产能力长期停留在100t/d以下。为满足矿山生产能力从3000t/d扩大为4000～4500t/d，必须立足于提高采矿装备水平，提高采场生产能力。在引进了部分无轨采矿的基础上，凡口铅锌矿决定立项进行《盘区分层充填采矿方法上向中深孔配套机械化采矿新工艺》(简称：盘区上向中深孔配套机械化新工艺)的试验和研究，经过两年多的理论研究、室内实验和现场工业试验，本文得出如下主要结论：
(1) 从某一角度上讲，采矿工艺的进步依赖于整个工艺的机械化程度，而设备之间的相互配套是保证整个工艺高效的关键。中深孔配套机械化采矿新工艺，无论在盘区生产能力、充填能力、采矿成本还是在损失贫化控制、安全性等方面，都远好于原水平落矿盘区机械化采矿工艺，主要是由于设备之间相互配套的原因；
(2) 对中深孔爆破合理的参数进行了探讨和实验研究，爆破效果表明研究所得的结论符合现场采矿工艺要求。推荐使用的孔网参数为1×1.2m～1.2×1.7m，炸药为新型粘性粒状炸药；
(3) 对整个采矿工艺研究表明，充填是占用时间最多的环节(本工艺充填时间占整个工作循环时间的35.9％)，高效的充填工艺是保证整个工艺高效的不可缺少的组成部分。细砂水砂充填材料和充填系统非常适合盘区上向中深孔配套机械化新工艺；
(4) 对大型无轨设备胶结层面强度设计及配比进行了探讨，实践证明所得的结论具有应用价值。推荐的胶结面层充填体强度为：R_3＞1.7Mpa和R_7＞2.7～3.2Mpa；随着胶结面层厚度的增加，胶结面层充填体所受到的压应力逐渐减小，所要求的充填体强度降低；实际充填时应确保0.4m胶结充填体厚度；
(5) 上向孔侧向崩矿爆炸应力波对采场项板的破坏比水平落矿爆炸应力波对采场顶板的破坏要小，从而使撬毛工作量减少了58.3％。
A few years ago, because of the limitation of the variety and the technical performance, and the mining equipments did not form a complete set, and there was still manual work in the mining production, so the stope productivity of panel-mechanized mining method was under lOOt/d in Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine. To meet the productivity need from 3000t/d to 4000~4500t/d of the whole mine, it is necessary to increase the variety and the technical performance of mining equipment and the productivity of the stope. On the basis of the introduction of new equipment, Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine decided to set up a research program called the New Technology of Panel Mechanized Cut and Fill Mining Method with Upward Medium-length Blast Hole. In more than two years of theoretical, laboratory and field study, this paper drew conclusion as follows:
(1) To some extent, the progress of mining technology depends upon mechanization of the hole technology and it is very important for the matching of the hole equipments. The New Technology of Panel Mechanized Cut and Fill Mining Method with Upward Medium-length Blast Hole is more superior to the former panel-mechanized mining method in productivity, filling, mining cost, control of loss and dilution and safety etc because the equipments of the new technology form a complete set.
(2) The paper discussed the suitable blasting parameters of upward medium-length hole. The blasting results showed that the discussion meet the need of mining technology. The recommended hole pattern parameters are from IX 1. 2m to 1. 2 XI. 7m and the explosive is stickiness granular ANFO.
(3) The research showed that filling takes much time. It takes 35.9% of the time of the whole cycle. High efficiency filling guarantees the high efficiency of the whole mining technology. Fine sand and water filling material and system is suitable for the New Technology of Panel Mechanized Cut and Fill Mining Method with Upward Medium-length Blast Hole.
(4) The paper discussed the method of strength design of the cemented layer and the compound of the material of the heavy trackless equipment. The recommended strength of cemented layer is Ri>1.7Mpa and R>2. 7-3. 2Mpa. With the increase of the thickness of cemented layer, the press stress endured by the layer is getting less and less. The strength of the layer needed decrease. The thickness of cemented layer can not less than 0. 4m.
(5) The destroy of the roof produced by stress wave of upward hole side blasting is less than that of the level hole blasting. The work of prizing flexible rock decreased by 58. 3%.
(1) 从某一角度上讲，采矿工艺的进步依赖于整个工艺的机械化程度，而设备之间的相互配套是保证整个工艺高效的关键。中深孔配套机械化采矿新工艺，无论在盘区生产能力、充填能力、采矿成本还是在损失贫化控制、安全性等方面，都远好于原水平落矿盘区机械化采矿工艺，主要是由于设备之间相互配套的原因；
(2) 对中深孔爆破合理的参数进行了探讨和实验研究，爆破效果表明研究所得的结论符合现场采矿工艺要求。推荐使用的孔网参数为1×1.2m～1.2×1.7m，炸药为新型粘性粒状炸药；
(3) 对整个采矿工艺研究表明，充填是占用时间最多的环节(本工艺充填时间占整个工作循环时间的35.9％)，高效的充填工艺是保证整个工艺高效的不可缺少的组成部分。细砂水砂充填材料和充填系统非常适合盘区上向中深孔配套机械化新工艺；
(4) 对大型无轨设备胶结层面强度设计及配比进行了探讨，实践证明所得的结论具有应用价值。推荐的胶结面层充填体强度为：R_3＞1.7Mpa和R_7＞2.7～3.2Mpa；随着胶结面层厚度的增加，胶结面层充填体所受到的压应力逐渐减小，所要求的充填体强度降低；实际充填时应确保0.4m胶结充填体厚度；
(5) 上向孔侧向崩矿爆炸应力波对采场项板的破坏比水平落矿爆炸应力波对采场顶板的破坏要小，从而使撬毛工作量减少了58.3％。
A few years ago, because of the limitation of the variety and the technical performance, and the mining equipments did not form a complete set, and there was still manual work in the mining production, so the stope productivity of panel-mechanized mining method was under lOOt/d in Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine. To meet the productivity need from 3000t/d to 4000~4500t/d of the whole mine, it is necessary to increase the variety and the technical performance of mining equipment and the productivity of the stope. On the basis of the introduction of new equipment, Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine decided to set up a research program called the New Technology of Panel Mechanized Cut and Fill Mining Method with Upward Medium-length Blast Hole. In more than two years of theoretical, laboratory and field study, this paper drew conclusion as follows:
(1) To some extent, the progress of mining technology depends upon mechanization of the hole technology and it is very important for the matching of the hole equipments. The New Technology of Panel Mechanized Cut and Fill Mining Method with Upward Medium-length Blast Hole is more superior to the former panel-mechanized mining method in productivity, filling, mining cost, control of loss and dilution and safety etc because the equipments of the new technology form a complete set.
(2) The paper discussed the suitable blasting parameters of upward medium-length hole. The blasting results showed that the discussion meet the need of mining technology. The recommended hole pattern parameters are from IX 1. 2m to 1. 2 XI. 7m and the explosive is stickiness granular ANFO.
(3) The research showed that filling takes much time. It takes 35.9% of the time of the whole cycle. High efficiency filling guarantees the high efficiency of the whole mining technology. Fine sand and water filling material and system is suitable for the New Technology of Panel Mechanized Cut and Fill Mining Method with Upward Medium-length Blast Hole.
(4) The paper discussed the method of strength design of the cemented layer and the compound of the material of the heavy trackless equipment. The recommended strength of cemented layer is Ri>1.7Mpa and R>2. 7-3. 2Mpa. With the increase of the thickness of cemented layer, the press stress endured by the layer is getting less and less. The strength of the layer needed decrease. The thickness of cemented layer can not less than 0. 4m.
(5) The destroy of the roof produced by stress wave of upward hole side blasting is less than that of the level hole blasting. The work of prizing flexible rock decreased by 58. 3%.
引文
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[2]张木毅．盘区上向中深孔配套机械化采矿新工艺的推广应用．第五届全国采矿学术会议论文集．1996，10．
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[4]张木毅．盘区上向中深孔机械化采矿法采场边邦及大块的控制．矿业研究与开发[J]，2001，3，(6)．
[5]张木毅．机械化上向进路分层充填法的试验与研究．矿业研究与开发[J]，1998，5，(10)．
[6]长沙有色冶金设计研究院．中金岭南凡口铅锌矿“十五”技术改造工程可行性研究报告[R]．2000，08．
[7]林绍标．凡口矿十五万吨技术改造回顾．国外金属矿选矿[R]，1998，4，(8)．
[8]麦炽权．论凡口铅锌矿采矿方法的合理应用与工艺改进．第四次全国采矿学术会议论文集．1993．
[9]张木毅．机械化上向分层充填法在我矿试验与应用．有色金属，1998年增刊．
[10]Terezopoulos, N,G. Ground control with use of cemented hydraulic fill at Kokkinorotsos Chrome mine. Transaction of the Institution of Mining & Metallurgy, Section A, 1987 p 41-46.
[11]Nowatzki, Edward A, Rbertson. Cement stabilization of dewatered mine tailings and its effect on vehicle mobility. Geotechnical special publication n 21. Publ by ASCE, NEW YORK ,NY, USA. p795-815.
[13]Prokushev GA, Budaev YUV. Hydraulic filling method of inclined mine rooms—by securing transport chut to roof along axis before room filling to spread fill uniformly and more load. AS KAZA MINING INST(AKMI).SU-924411.
[14]许新启，柯俞和．武山铜矿上向进路水砂充填采矿法生产实践．矿冶[R]，1997，(3)．
[15]曾华永等．电动铲运机在上向斜壁进路水砂充填采矿法中的应用．黄金[R]，1998，(8)．
[16]魏宝林等．斜壁粗颗粒水砂充填采矿方法．CN1067477A，91103582．6．
[17]曹连喜．会泽铅锌矿粗粒级水砂充填技术及采矿方法研究．有色矿山[R]，1994，(2)14-21．
[18]陈树南．上向水平分层进路式水砂充填采矿方法充填体稳定性分析．江西有色金属[R]，1997，11 13-14．
[19]周圣元．深孔崩矿阶段充填法在铜绿山矿的应用，矿业研究与开发[R]，1996，(16)．
[20]林绍标．盘区上向中深孔配套机械化采矿新工艺作业线的优化配套．凡口科技[R]，1994，1．
[21] 麦炽权．盘区上向中深孔配套机械化采矿新工艺在凡口矿的应用前景．凡口科技[R]，1994，1．
[22] 黄沛生．凡口铅锌矿采矿工艺现状与浅析。凡口科技[R]，2001，1．
[23] 姚曙．浅析凡口矿机械化采矿工艺的应用前景．凡口科技[R]，2001，2．
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