基于空时自适应处理的GPS调零技术应用研究
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摘要
空时自适应处理被广泛用于信号检测技术,如雷达、声纳、卫星通信、地震等领域。论文的重点是研究卫星接收端的调零天线自适应信号处理技术。空时自适应调零天线技术是从空、时二维分析输入信号的特征,在不增加阵元个数的情况下,大大增加了天线阵的自由度,从而能够增加抑制干扰信号的数量,尤其是提高了卫星接收端抵抗多个宽带干扰的能力。由于空时自适应处理需要对庞大的矩阵数据进行计算,而处理器很难做到,因此以降低计算量为目的信号处理算法是当前研究的热点。
本文以GPS接收系统为对象,探讨了空时自适应处理(Space-time adaptive processing, STAP)算法和空时自适应抗干扰技术,并对其抗干扰性能进行了深入研究,取得如下一些进展：
(1)建立了具有自适应抗干扰功能的调零天线系统模型,并采用了递推最小二乘(RLS)算法实现了空域调零抗干扰技术。模型包括了卫星信号和干扰信号模型、天线模型、射频处理模型、信号处理模型等。通过理论分析和仿真,研究了各模型的指标和性能。在实现了空域调零天线后,研究了天线阵元间互耦和通道不一致性对自适应算法的影响,得到了相应的技术指标。
(2)依据最小均方误差准则,以FROST空时阵列模型为基础,提出了空时最小均方(Space-time least-mean-squares, STLMS)算法。该算法是一种随机梯度算法,它具有递归运算过程简单,计算量小,硬件易实现等特点。该算法可以根据入射干扰信号的幅度,相位信息自适应地调节权值。算法通过增加调零天线的空间和时间自由度,将宽带干扰信号在空频域被抑制处理,从而具有抗多个宽带干扰的能力。并且该算法具有较好的收敛性和失调。
(3)空时自适应调零技术具有良好的的抗干扰能力。文章提出了两种方案的空时调零技术,应用了三种自适应处理算法,分别是：RLS算法下的时空级联处理方案,STLMS算法和MSNWF算法下的空时联合处理方案。它们都比空域调零技术增加了抗干扰的能力,提高了调零天线系统信干噪比(SINR),降低了GPS接收机的误码率(BER),改善了接收机的性能。
(4)实现了基于空时自适应处理的GPS调零天线系统。论文介绍了天线阵、射频处理、信号处理等模块的设计思路和技术指标。系统应用FPGA实现了STLMS算法,经过调试实现了调零天线硬件平台。有线测试、无线测试,尤其是联合测试,验证了空时STLMS自适应处理具有良好的抗干扰和保护GPS信号的能力。
Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is widely used in signal detection technology in many fields, such as radar, sonar, satellite communications, seismology and so on. The dissertation focuses on adaptive signal processing technology on nulling antenna of satellite receiver. The technology of space-time adaptive nulling antenna analyses the property of input signal in special and time-domain. The technology can greatly promote the freedom of the array antenna in order to raise the number of anti-jam without increasing the number of element of antenna. Especially, it improves capability of satellite receiver for suppressing broadband interferences. STAP is supposed to compute huge matrix which is impossible to be handled by processor, so the signal processing algorithm which can decreases calculation becomes the researching focus now.
Taking GPS receiver system as research object, the dissertation probed into the STAP algorithm and space-time adaptive anti-jam technology. And it thoroughly researched the performance of the anti-jam technology. Contributions were summarized as follows:
Firstly, the dissertation builts the model of nulling antenna system with the capability of adaptively suppressing interference and achieves special anti-jam nulling technology by adopting RLS algorithm. The model includes satellite signal and interference signal, antenna array, radio frequency processing and signal processing, etc. The dissertation studies the technological data and performance of every model by theoretical analysis and simulating. They formed together the nulling antenna system platform. It has been studied that both mutual coupling of sensor array and channel uncertainties have the influence on adaptive algorithm and correlative technological index since spatial nulling antenna is achieved.
Secondly, according to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, the dissertation puts forward a Space-time least-mean-squares (STLMS) algorithm based on the model of FROST array processing. STLMS is a stochastic gradient algori(?)hm. It has the characteristic:process of recursive operation is simple; computational complexity is small and hardware is easy to establish. It can adjust to the weight of sensor of array antenna in accordance with the amplitude and phase of the incoming interference. STLMS algorithm can suppress interferences in space-frequency domain by increasing the spatial and temporal degree of freedom of nulling antenna, so the algorithm has the capability of suppressing multiple broadband interferences. And the algorithm has the good convergence and misadjustment.
T.hirdly, space-time adaptive nulling technology had the good capability of suppressing interference.The dissertation brings in two design projects of space-time nulling technology and used three adaptive processing algorithms. They are the cascaded time-space processing based on RLS algorithm, united space-time processing based on STLMS and multistage nested Winner filter (MSNWF) algorithm, respectively. Compared with space processing, they all enhance the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), decrease bit error rate (BER), and improve the performance of the receiver.
Fourthly, GPS nulling antenna system is successfully achieved based on STAP. The dissertation introduces the designing idea and technological data of array antenna, radio frequency processing and signal processing module. The system applies FPGA to carrying out STLMS algorithm and accomplished the hardware platform of nulling antenna by debugging. The wire-testing and wireless-testing, especially, associated testing verified that STLMS adaptive processing has better capability of suppressing interference and protecting GPS signal.
本文以GPS接收系统为对象,探讨了空时自适应处理(Space-time adaptive processing, STAP)算法和空时自适应抗干扰技术,并对其抗干扰性能进行了深入研究,取得如下一些进展：
(1)建立了具有自适应抗干扰功能的调零天线系统模型,并采用了递推最小二乘(RLS)算法实现了空域调零抗干扰技术。模型包括了卫星信号和干扰信号模型、天线模型、射频处理模型、信号处理模型等。通过理论分析和仿真,研究了各模型的指标和性能。在实现了空域调零天线后,研究了天线阵元间互耦和通道不一致性对自适应算法的影响,得到了相应的技术指标。
(2)依据最小均方误差准则,以FROST空时阵列模型为基础,提出了空时最小均方(Space-time least-mean-squares, STLMS)算法。该算法是一种随机梯度算法,它具有递归运算过程简单,计算量小,硬件易实现等特点。该算法可以根据入射干扰信号的幅度,相位信息自适应地调节权值。算法通过增加调零天线的空间和时间自由度,将宽带干扰信号在空频域被抑制处理,从而具有抗多个宽带干扰的能力。并且该算法具有较好的收敛性和失调。
(3)空时自适应调零技术具有良好的的抗干扰能力。文章提出了两种方案的空时调零技术,应用了三种自适应处理算法,分别是：RLS算法下的时空级联处理方案,STLMS算法和MSNWF算法下的空时联合处理方案。它们都比空域调零技术增加了抗干扰的能力,提高了调零天线系统信干噪比(SINR),降低了GPS接收机的误码率(BER),改善了接收机的性能。
(4)实现了基于空时自适应处理的GPS调零天线系统。论文介绍了天线阵、射频处理、信号处理等模块的设计思路和技术指标。系统应用FPGA实现了STLMS算法,经过调试实现了调零天线硬件平台。有线测试、无线测试,尤其是联合测试,验证了空时STLMS自适应处理具有良好的抗干扰和保护GPS信号的能力。
Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is widely used in signal detection technology in many fields, such as radar, sonar, satellite communications, seismology and so on. The dissertation focuses on adaptive signal processing technology on nulling antenna of satellite receiver. The technology of space-time adaptive nulling antenna analyses the property of input signal in special and time-domain. The technology can greatly promote the freedom of the array antenna in order to raise the number of anti-jam without increasing the number of element of antenna. Especially, it improves capability of satellite receiver for suppressing broadband interferences. STAP is supposed to compute huge matrix which is impossible to be handled by processor, so the signal processing algorithm which can decreases calculation becomes the researching focus now.
Taking GPS receiver system as research object, the dissertation probed into the STAP algorithm and space-time adaptive anti-jam technology. And it thoroughly researched the performance of the anti-jam technology. Contributions were summarized as follows:
Firstly, the dissertation builts the model of nulling antenna system with the capability of adaptively suppressing interference and achieves special anti-jam nulling technology by adopting RLS algorithm. The model includes satellite signal and interference signal, antenna array, radio frequency processing and signal processing, etc. The dissertation studies the technological data and performance of every model by theoretical analysis and simulating. They formed together the nulling antenna system platform. It has been studied that both mutual coupling of sensor array and channel uncertainties have the influence on adaptive algorithm and correlative technological index since spatial nulling antenna is achieved.
Secondly, according to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, the dissertation puts forward a Space-time least-mean-squares (STLMS) algorithm based on the model of FROST array processing. STLMS is a stochastic gradient algori(?)hm. It has the characteristic:process of recursive operation is simple; computational complexity is small and hardware is easy to establish. It can adjust to the weight of sensor of array antenna in accordance with the amplitude and phase of the incoming interference. STLMS algorithm can suppress interferences in space-frequency domain by increasing the spatial and temporal degree of freedom of nulling antenna, so the algorithm has the capability of suppressing multiple broadband interferences. And the algorithm has the good convergence and misadjustment.
T.hirdly, space-time adaptive nulling technology had the good capability of suppressing interference.The dissertation brings in two design projects of space-time nulling technology and used three adaptive processing algorithms. They are the cascaded time-space processing based on RLS algorithm, united space-time processing based on STLMS and multistage nested Winner filter (MSNWF) algorithm, respectively. Compared with space processing, they all enhance the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), decrease bit error rate (BER), and improve the performance of the receiver.
Fourthly, GPS nulling antenna system is successfully achieved based on STAP. The dissertation introduces the designing idea and technological data of array antenna, radio frequency processing and signal processing module. The system applies FPGA to carrying out STLMS algorithm and accomplished the hardware platform of nulling antenna by debugging. The wire-testing and wireless-testing, especially, associated testing verified that STLMS adaptive processing has better capability of suppressing interference and protecting GPS signal.
引文
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