大跨小净距双孔隧道合理拆撑步长控制研究
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摘要
近年来,随着我国交通运输建设事业的高速发展以及隧道与地下工程施工技术水平的不断提高,国内已经成功修建了一些复杂的浅埋大跨隧道。但是,目前对隧道力学行为的研究一般局限于开挖过程,如隧道开挖地表沉降控制、施工工序、隧道的稳定性、中隔墙的加固措施等。在施工过程中临时支撑的拆除时机,方法以及拆除的步长,对隧道结构的安全性与围岩的稳定性具有很大的影响。本文正是基于这点而展开研究。
论文以深圳麒麟山隧道重要工程为背景,着重分析影响隧道临时支护拆除的因素,即：拆除过程所引起的位移沉降,拆除过程中的衬砌应力分布,剩余钢架的安全稳定性等,并对这些因素进行分析,找出他们之间的内在联系和规律。在不同的方案当中,运用位移相对比较法,辅之以安全稳定性原则,应力分布的情况来确定合理的拆撑步长。主要研究内容包括以下三个方面：
(1)采用有限元法对大跨复杂隧道在浅埋软弱围岩地段的施工方案进行数值分析,对临时支护的拆除拟定了四种拆除顺序,对每种拆除顺序所引起的位移沉降,衬砌应力分布,剩余临时钢架的稳定性进行了分析比较,采用李彰明教授提出的相对比较法确定出了先横撑后竖撑,左洞先左侧后右侧,右洞先右侧后左侧的拆除顺序。
(2)通过三维空间有限元模型采用二维分析中所得合理的拆除的顺序对隧道临时支护的拆除过程进行模拟,分别拟定四种拆撑步长,一次性分别拆除临时支撑6m、9m、12m与15m。对每种拆撑步长所引起的位移沉降,衬砌应力分布情况,剩余临时钢架的安全稳定性进行分析,采用数值对比分析的方法来确定方案中的最佳方案,提出纵向一次性拆除支撑的合理步长。
(3)对隧道施工期间的现场原位监测结果分析,分析隧道开挖期间围岩收敛变形,并与数值模拟进行对比分析,为隧道安全施工和支护参数的调整提供理论依据和技术指导。
In recent years, with the rapid development of China's transportation construction and the increasing levels of the underground engineering technology, we have successfully built a complex of shallow large span tunnels。However, the mechanical behavior of the tunnel is generally limited to the excavation process, such as controlling the tunnel surface subsidence in the excavating, theconstruction process, the stability of the tunnel and the reinforcement measures.The timing of removing the temporary support, and the step of the dismantling, do a large impact on the safety of the tunnel structure and the stability of the surrounding rock in the process of constructing. This article is based on this to expand the study.In the background of Shenzhen Qilin Mountain Tunnel project, this paper analyzes the factors which impact the removing of the tunnel temporary support. and then analyze the main factors to find out the intrinsic link and laws between the main factors. The research topics include the following two aspects:
(1) Using the finite element method to simulate the constructing program of the complex large cross-plane tunnels in the shallow soft surrounding rock and then put forward the reasonable order of the removing of temporary support by the plane strain model.
(2) Using the three-dimensional finite element model to simulate the constructive process of removing the temporary support and then put forward a reasonable step for removing the temporary support one time after comparing analysis.
(3) Analyzing the site monitoring results and the deformation of the rock convergence during the tunnel construction and then comparing the results with the results of the numerical simulation, to provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the safety and support parameters of the adjustment of tunnel constructing.
论文以深圳麒麟山隧道重要工程为背景,着重分析影响隧道临时支护拆除的因素,即：拆除过程所引起的位移沉降,拆除过程中的衬砌应力分布,剩余钢架的安全稳定性等,并对这些因素进行分析,找出他们之间的内在联系和规律。在不同的方案当中,运用位移相对比较法,辅之以安全稳定性原则,应力分布的情况来确定合理的拆撑步长。主要研究内容包括以下三个方面：
(1)采用有限元法对大跨复杂隧道在浅埋软弱围岩地段的施工方案进行数值分析,对临时支护的拆除拟定了四种拆除顺序,对每种拆除顺序所引起的位移沉降,衬砌应力分布,剩余临时钢架的稳定性进行了分析比较,采用李彰明教授提出的相对比较法确定出了先横撑后竖撑,左洞先左侧后右侧,右洞先右侧后左侧的拆除顺序。
(2)通过三维空间有限元模型采用二维分析中所得合理的拆除的顺序对隧道临时支护的拆除过程进行模拟,分别拟定四种拆撑步长,一次性分别拆除临时支撑6m、9m、12m与15m。对每种拆撑步长所引起的位移沉降,衬砌应力分布情况,剩余临时钢架的安全稳定性进行分析,采用数值对比分析的方法来确定方案中的最佳方案,提出纵向一次性拆除支撑的合理步长。
(3)对隧道施工期间的现场原位监测结果分析,分析隧道开挖期间围岩收敛变形,并与数值模拟进行对比分析,为隧道安全施工和支护参数的调整提供理论依据和技术指导。
In recent years, with the rapid development of China's transportation construction and the increasing levels of the underground engineering technology, we have successfully built a complex of shallow large span tunnels。However, the mechanical behavior of the tunnel is generally limited to the excavation process, such as controlling the tunnel surface subsidence in the excavating, theconstruction process, the stability of the tunnel and the reinforcement measures.The timing of removing the temporary support, and the step of the dismantling, do a large impact on the safety of the tunnel structure and the stability of the surrounding rock in the process of constructing. This article is based on this to expand the study.In the background of Shenzhen Qilin Mountain Tunnel project, this paper analyzes the factors which impact the removing of the tunnel temporary support. and then analyze the main factors to find out the intrinsic link and laws between the main factors. The research topics include the following two aspects:
(1) Using the finite element method to simulate the constructing program of the complex large cross-plane tunnels in the shallow soft surrounding rock and then put forward the reasonable order of the removing of temporary support by the plane strain model.
(2) Using the three-dimensional finite element model to simulate the constructive process of removing the temporary support and then put forward a reasonable step for removing the temporary support one time after comparing analysis.
(3) Analyzing the site monitoring results and the deformation of the rock convergence during the tunnel construction and then comparing the results with the results of the numerical simulation, to provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the safety and support parameters of the adjustment of tunnel constructing.
引文
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[4]李武德.隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.
[5]谢卓雄.小净距隧道近接施工围岩稳定性及结构力学行为特征研究[D].四川成都：西南交通大学,2005.
[6]王景春,殷杰.相邻隧道中心距的研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1995,8(2)：109-114.
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[8](日)T.川田,M.大家&M.林.最小净距的大型双线公路隧道的观测施工[J].水电技术信息,1996：146-154.
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[11]A.M.Hefny, H.C.Chua, J.Zhao. Parametric studies on the interaction between existing and new bored tunnels [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2004(4):471.
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[13]Sang-Hwan Kim. Model testing and analysis of interactions between tunnels in clay[D]. UK:University of Oxford,1996.
[14]Sang-Hwan Kim. Interaction behaviours between parallel tunnels in soft ground[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(4):448.
[15]Shong-loong CHEN, Guo-wei LI, Meen-wah GUI. Effects of overburden, rock strength and pillar width on the safety of a three-parallel-hole tunnel[J]. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE,2009 10(11):1581-1588.
[16]S.L. Chen, S.C. Lee, M.W. Gui. Effects of rock pillar width on the excavation behavior of parallel tunnels[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 200924:148-154.
[17]雷震宇等.大跨度浅埋暗挖隧道拆撑的数值模拟[J],地下空间与工程学报,第1卷第2期,2005年04月,237-241.
[18]雷震宇,周顺华等.浅埋大跨度隧道临时支撑的拆除分析[J],工程力学,第23卷第9期,2006年9月,120-124.
[19]雷震宇.超小间距隧道的拆撑分析[J],同济大学学报(自然科学版),第36卷第7期,2008年7月,932-936.
[20]张建国,王明年等.浅埋大跨度隧道拆撑对初支安全性影响分析[J],岩土力学,第30卷第2期,497-502.
[21]严宗雪等.特大断面偏压公路隧道临时支护拆除方式研究[J],科学技术与工程,第10卷第29期,2010年10月,7196-7201.
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[24]Bettess P. Infinite element [J]. Internation Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1977,11(11):53-64.
[25]Kumar P.Infinite Elements for Numerical Analysis of Underground Exeavations [J].Tunneling and Underground Technology 2000,15(1):117-124.
[26]朱合华,陈清军,杨林德.边界元法及其在岩土工程中的应用[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1997.
[27]Charles Faithurst,Juemin pei.A ComParison Between the Distinct Element Method and the Finite Element Method for Analysis of the Stability of an Exeavafion in Jointed Roek[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1990,5(1):111-117.
[28]Wan Ling, LI Zhangming, Feng Qiang. Comparison Analysis of Construction Methods For Large Cross Section Twin Tunnels[C]. Advances in Systems Science and Application 2010:506-510.
[29]麒麟山隧道施工组织设计[R],中交第三航务工程局有限公司松福大道土建工程6标段项目经理部,2009.
[30]麒麟山隧道施工图设计[R],深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司,2008.
[31]彭呈辉.小净距双洞隧道施工顺序对围岩稳定性影响研究[D].广东广州：广东工业大学,2010.
[32]万灵.大跨度浅埋深隧道施工对地表变形影响数值分析研究[D].广东广州：广东工业大学,2011.
[33]巫峰.大跨小净距隧道施工期中岩柱力学分析及应用研究[D].广东广州：广东工业大学,2011.
[34]Goodman R E, Methods of Geological Engineering in Discontinuous Rocks[M]. West Publishing Company USA,1976.
[35]松福路工程(福永码头至公明北环道路工程)北段5、6、17子项麒麟山隧道详细勘察阶段岩土工程勘察报告[R],深圳市勘察测绘院有限公司,2008.
[36]深圳松福大道麒麟山隧道工程原位岩体直剪强度(及变形)试验报告[R],深圳市勘察测绘院有限公司,广东工业大学岩土工程技术开发中心,2010.
[37]Zhangming Li, Liangliang Chen, Feng Wu, Ling Wan. In Situ Test Study on Shear Strength Properties of Weathered Silty Mudstone[C]. Advanced Materials Research Vols.146-147 (2011) pp 10-13.
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[50]Wan Ling, LI Zhangming, Feng Qiang. Analysis on deformation characteristic of the overlying high-voltage tower under the construction of the complex lager section tunnels[C]. Journal of Communication in Information Science and Management Engineering.2011.
[2]JTGD70-2004.公路隧道设计规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[3]王梦恕.21世纪山岭隧道修建的趋势[J].铁道标准设计,2004,(9)：38-40.
[4]李武德.隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.
[5]谢卓雄.小净距隧道近接施工围岩稳定性及结构力学行为特征研究[D].四川成都：西南交通大学,2005.
[6]王景春,殷杰.相邻隧道中心距的研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1995,8(2)：109-114.
[7]杉本兴隆,松本嘉司,西周隆.用能量理论对平行双洞隧道进行稳定分析[J].隧道译丛,1990(2)：30-40.
[8](日)T.川田,M.大家&M.林.最小净距的大型双线公路隧道的观测施工[J].水电技术信息,1996：146-154.
[9]Hiroshi Kuriyama, Tokuji Koga, Takaya Ogata. The desigiand construction of pillar reinforcement at horizontal twin tunnels, Proceeding of Tunnel Engineering. JSCE, 2000(10):125-130.
[10]Jamshid Ghaboussi, Randall E. Ranken. Interaction between two parallel tunnels[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1977(1):75-103.
[11]A.M.Hefny, H.C.Chua, J.Zhao. Parametric studies on the interaction between existing and new bored tunnels [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2004(4):471.
[12]T.Adachi, M.Kimura, H.Osada. Interaction between multitunnels under constru-ction [A]//In Proc.of the 11th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference[C]. Si-ngapore, National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological Univers-ity, Singapore,1993:51-60.
[13]Sang-Hwan Kim. Model testing and analysis of interactions between tunnels in clay[D]. UK:University of Oxford,1996.
[14]Sang-Hwan Kim. Interaction behaviours between parallel tunnels in soft ground[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(4):448.
[15]Shong-loong CHEN, Guo-wei LI, Meen-wah GUI. Effects of overburden, rock strength and pillar width on the safety of a three-parallel-hole tunnel[J]. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE,2009 10(11):1581-1588.
[16]S.L. Chen, S.C. Lee, M.W. Gui. Effects of rock pillar width on the excavation behavior of parallel tunnels[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 200924:148-154.
[17]雷震宇等.大跨度浅埋暗挖隧道拆撑的数值模拟[J],地下空间与工程学报,第1卷第2期,2005年04月,237-241.
[18]雷震宇,周顺华等.浅埋大跨度隧道临时支撑的拆除分析[J],工程力学,第23卷第9期,2006年9月,120-124.
[19]雷震宇.超小间距隧道的拆撑分析[J],同济大学学报(自然科学版),第36卷第7期,2008年7月,932-936.
[20]张建国,王明年等.浅埋大跨度隧道拆撑对初支安全性影响分析[J],岩土力学,第30卷第2期,497-502.
[21]严宗雪等.特大断面偏压公路隧道临时支护拆除方式研究[J],科学技术与工程,第10卷第29期,2010年10月,7196-7201.
[22]郑颖人,龚晓南.岩土塑性力学基础[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[23]薛光桥.基于数值模拟和监测监控的隧道围岩稳定性判别方法的研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士研究生学位论文,2005.
[24]Bettess P. Infinite element [J]. Internation Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1977,11(11):53-64.
[25]Kumar P.Infinite Elements for Numerical Analysis of Underground Exeavations [J].Tunneling and Underground Technology 2000,15(1):117-124.
[26]朱合华,陈清军,杨林德.边界元法及其在岩土工程中的应用[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1997.
[27]Charles Faithurst,Juemin pei.A ComParison Between the Distinct Element Method and the Finite Element Method for Analysis of the Stability of an Exeavafion in Jointed Roek[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1990,5(1):111-117.
[28]Wan Ling, LI Zhangming, Feng Qiang. Comparison Analysis of Construction Methods For Large Cross Section Twin Tunnels[C]. Advances in Systems Science and Application 2010:506-510.
[29]麒麟山隧道施工组织设计[R],中交第三航务工程局有限公司松福大道土建工程6标段项目经理部,2009.
[30]麒麟山隧道施工图设计[R],深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司,2008.
[31]彭呈辉.小净距双洞隧道施工顺序对围岩稳定性影响研究[D].广东广州：广东工业大学,2010.
[32]万灵.大跨度浅埋深隧道施工对地表变形影响数值分析研究[D].广东广州：广东工业大学,2011.
[33]巫峰.大跨小净距隧道施工期中岩柱力学分析及应用研究[D].广东广州：广东工业大学,2011.
[34]Goodman R E, Methods of Geological Engineering in Discontinuous Rocks[M]. West Publishing Company USA,1976.
[35]松福路工程(福永码头至公明北环道路工程)北段5、6、17子项麒麟山隧道详细勘察阶段岩土工程勘察报告[R],深圳市勘察测绘院有限公司,2008.
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