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商业银行利益博弈与协调研究
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摘要
商业银行作为我国市场经济中一个越来越重要的利益主体,它是保证企业家精神持续高涨的基石,是新产业成长的催化剂,是货币政策的重要通道,直接影响宏观经济的稳定性,并关系到国家金融体系的安全。在新的时期,商业银行与利益关联主体之间的关系也出现了新的变化,商业银行的经营与发展中充满利益博弈与利益协调,再加上政府与地方政府常常介入,其利益关系相当复杂,这是促使我们从利益的角度入手来探索其利益关系的根源,旨在协调各主体间的利益关系,促进经济社会的和谐发展。
     在梳理了商业银行的主要利益关联方之后,我们运用理论与实证的分析方法从里到外,由表及里展开了六大部分内容的研究,我们的主要观点如下:一是商业银行的利益来源具有多样性、不确定性与可复制性,在相当长的时间内银行利润会不断增长。如何保持银行利润率与社会平均利润率相当,必须提高商业银行的市场竞争程度;二是商业银行的利益关系是多重的,动态的与不稳定性,他们与不同的利益主体之间存在博弈,并处在相对优势的地位,避免利益向商业银行集中的方法仍然是建立有效的银行竞争体系;三是商业银行的利益不仅没有因为资本市场的发展而受到削弱,反而越来越多,解决问题的方法在于降低商业银行进入的门槛,提高市场竞争程度;四是内资商业银行与外资商业银行的竞争不充分,外资银行在高端客户市场占优,在博弈的初期内资银行利益受损,解决这一问题的方法是从内资银行的内外环境入手,提升商业银行的市场理念与核心竞争力;五是现实中商业银行的利益受到政府或地方政府的影响,这些影响从短期来讲如果对商业银行有利,则从长期来讲利益会受损,反之亦然,处理这一矛盾的根本方法是让各级政府减少对商业银行的干预;六是商业银行的市场结构受到国有商业银行布局影响而存在缺陷,因而其在追求产业催化利益方面力量分散,无法享受到主导产业所带来的巨大利润,解决这一问题的方法在于按市场原则对各大商业银行的分支机构进行修剪;七是商业银行的垄断性地位是受到权力因素的保护,这也是直接造成地下金融繁荣的原因,间接导致商业银行的长期利益受损。解决这一问题的方法同样是降低商业银行业的门槛,让地下金融转为合法金融;八是现实中重视商业银行的监管(多重管制)利益,忽视了商业银行通过内部治理来获取市场化的利益,解决的方法在于规范监管方法。总之,如何构建一个有效的商业银行体系,理顺其利益关系,使其布局更加合理,规范对其的监管,促进其市场意识,让金融真正服务于实体经济是我们的目的。
     论文的主要创新之处体现在如下三个方面,一是从利益的角度研究商业银行的问题;二是借助马克思的经典理论、西方经济学的主流理论以及现代经济学的方法提炼出商业银行在新时期条件下利益取向与利益关系变动的内在机理;三是不仅分析商业银行与利益关联方的博弈,而且提出具体的协调措施。
As a more and more important interest principal part in China's market economics in the new time, commercial bank is the basic of the spirit of enterprisers' running up, the catalysts for industrialization, and the significant channel of the monetary policy. In the new time, the relationship between the commercial bank and its stakeholders turns out new changes. Giving the interruption of the central and local government, the interest relationship is so complicated that we should study the root of the interest relationship from the view of the interest in order to harmonize the interest relationship and prove the development of economics and society.
     After making clear the principal interest parts of the commercial bank, we spread 6 main parts of the whole study using both the empirical and academic approach. Our main viewpoints are as follows. First, the source of the commercial banks' interest is multiform, uncertain and replicable, but the profit of the commercial bank will be increasing in the long run. In order to keep the profit margin of bank as the same with the social one, the extent of the competition in the market should be raised. Second, the interest relationship of commercial banks is multiply, dynamic and unstable. They game with many different principal interest parts and are on a good wicket all the time. The way to avoid interest's concentrating in commercial banks is also to build an efficient competition system. Third, the interest of commercial bank is not weakened since the development of the capital market, but is more and more. The solutions are also to reduce the admittance standard to increase the competition of the market. Forth, the competition between the foreign bank and the local bank is not enough. The foreign banks are in the green tree in the high-end customers market, and the interest of the local banks is impaired in the initial stages of the gaming. So it is essential to upgrade the market sense and competitiveness of the local commercial banks through changing the inside and outside circumstance. Fifth, in reality the interest of commercial banks is affected by central and local government. These affects are good for commercial banks in the short run but bad in the long run. The fundamental approach to this problem is governments' withdrawal from the bank at all levels. Sixth, the market structure of the commercial banks is insufficient because of the layout of the state owned banks, so the strength in pursuing the catalyst interest is decentralized and the enormous profit brought along by leading industries is not obtained. The approach to solve this problem is pruning the sub-branches of the large commercial banks. Seventh, the monopoly position of the commercial banks is protected by the right, which is also the reason of boom of the black market finance. This is bad for the interest of the commercial banks in the long run. The solution to this problem is to reduce the admittance standard of commercial banking industry to make black market finance be legal. Eighth, in the reality the supervision interest is focused on but the profit of interior governance is ignored. The method to resolve it lies on standardize the supervise approach.
引文
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    41 同35
    42 张自力:“从利益三方的得失看我国银行保险的发展之路”,《南方金融》,2007(7)
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    34 同31
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