交通荷载作用下软土地基中管道的受力分析模型研究
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摘要
管道作为物流输送的一种有效手段在现代工农业生产和人民生活中起着重要的作用，是除公路、铁路、水运和航空以外的第五大运输方式，也被誉为生命线工程。随着社会进步，城市化水平的提高，作为城市动脉的管道工程的破坏所导致的对人类正常生活和生产的影响引起越来越广泛的重视，人们逐渐对建在软基上同时受交通荷载作用的管道系统的可靠性和安全性提出更高的要求，开展交通荷载下软基中管道受力分析模型研究课题对社会发展、工程建设和人民生活都具有重要意义。
本文在总结、归纳、分析国内外关于管道受力分析的有关成果的基础上，提出了目前管道受力分析研究的重点和难点。
文中基于基本假定，建立了长期均布交通荷载作用下管道的地基梁受力模型，分析了管道在静态载荷作用下的力学性状，并对支座形式、地基系数、管道刚度等影响因素进行了相关分析。
管道与土体在动力下的相互作用是一个耦合系统问题，本文从荷载、土体、管-土整体三个方面深入探讨了动力荷载下管-土耦合系统的基本特征：随机性、动态变化性、耦合性、非线性等。
荷载的作用，最终要通过土体介质的传递到达管道本身，从而使得管道发生力学性状响应，因此，文中以粘弹性理论为基础，通过数学变换、推导，提出了荷载在土体中的传播特性和计算方法，使得管道的动力激励部分问题得解。
本文采用Eular-Bernonulli梁模型和Tomosimko梁模型对动力下Kelvin粘弹性地基中管道固有振动性状进行了分析，提出了各力学结果描述的解析式；并以Eular-Bernonulli梁模型为主，基于脉冲函数、振型迭加法等对管道在动力交通荷载作用下的管道响应问题提出简单便捷的解析算法；在管道受力结果的分析中，考虑管道响应输出的随机性，将管道响应用随机过程来描述其概率特征，使得结果描述更加真实准确。同时，建立了考虑管-土系统参数在动力下存在动态变化特点的交通荷载下管道的Eular-Bernoulli地基梁受力模型，分别对参数随着空间和空间变化时的位移响应提出了详细的解析求解过程，从而保证了管土系统在动力下参数随时空动态变化条件下解析求解方法的科学性与完备性。
文中还将受交通荷载作用下的管道简化为多跨连续梁受力模型进行研究，应用结构力学方法分析了简谐交通荷载下管道受力响应的特征；并考虑参数变化的随机性，采用了摄动理论对管-土参变系统进行了其响应的概率特征描述，提出了简便的分析方法。
应用数值技术可以有效的进行实际复杂情况的模拟，因此，文中对管道在恒定交通荷
载和简谐荷载下管道的纵向以及横向受力特性进行了数值模拟计算，主要采用比较适合于土
体计算的A baq二软件进行，同时也对其各影响因素作了相关敏感性分析。
本文基于管道的宏观受力损伤破坏机理，即考虑管道的激励和响应两个状态，主要运
用了损伤理论、应力一强度干涉理论、参变理论等，并全面引入结构可靠度理论，将影响管
道结构可靠性的各种因素均视为随机变量，寻求各变量的统计规律，从而确定管道结构的失
效概率等参数，从而建立了管道在考虑线性损伤、损伤概率、模糊损伤失效等各种复杂的情
况下的受力损伤可靠度分析模型，从另一个层面上对管道的受力破坏研究提出了解决途径。
As an effective method, pipelines play an important role in modern industrial, agricalture and people's life. It is called the fifth transport way except the highway, railway, water carriage and airway. So pipelines were called the lifeline engineering, too. With the development of the society and the level of the citizing, the destroyed actualities of the pipelines were affecting the normal life and manufacture of the people. So people put more attention to this problem and bring forward higher demands for the dependability and the security of the pipelines in the soft soil under the traffic loads. To carry out the research of the chanmical charachers of the pipelines in the soft soil under traffic loads is needed for the development of the society, construction and life.
After analysising the correspondence literature of the pipelines home and abroad carefully, the hotspot and the difficulty on the pipelines' chanmical properties were brought out.
Based on some suppositions, this paper established the model on the foundation beam of the pipelines under the long-term and symmetrical traffic loads. So the chanmical properties and the effect of the timbering form, foundation modulus and stiffen coefficient of the pipelines under static loads were studied, which provided the research basic for the chanmical properties of the pipelines under dynamical loads.
The mutual effect of the pipelines and the soil under the dynamical loads is belonging to a coupling system. The essential properties like randomicity; dynamic; coupling; nonlinear and so on of the system of pipelines-soil under dynamical loads was studied through loads, soil, and pipelines-soil etc three aspects, so this chapter offers the basic job for the dynamical response of the pipelines-soil system.
Eular -Bernonulli beam model and Tomosimko beam model were adapted to study the inherence vibration properties of the pipelines under dynamical loads, and the analytical answers of the chanmical results were brought out in the fifth chapter. And gave priority to the Eular -Bernonulli beam model, the simply and convenient analytical resolution for the response of the pipelines under dynamical traffic loads through the impulse function and the congruence method of the vibration form and so on. During the analysis of the chanmical results of the pipelines, the randomicity of the output of the pipelines response was taken into accout. So the stochastic process method was applied to describe the probability characters of the pipelines response, which made the results truer, more veracious. At the same time, the character of dynamical parameter
under dynamical loads was taken into accout, so elastic Eular -Bernonulli foundation beam model under traffic loads was set up. In this model, firstly, the detailed resolution process accounting the parameters changing with the space was gained; secondly, the detailed resolution process accounting the parameters changing with the time was gained, too. So the integrality of the analytical resolution was preserved in term of the single parameter and the multi-parameters when the pipelines-soil system's parameters change with the space and time under dynamical loads.
Continuous multi-segment beam model is the other method of the common used model on the study of the pipelines. During the sixth chapter, such simplified model was adapted for the pipelines under dynamical traffic loads. So the framework chanmical way was adapted to study the character of the pipelines'response under trigonometric function traffic loads; then the randomicity of the parameters were taken into account, the paper uses the perturbation theory to describe the random character about the changing parameters of the pipelines. The calculate formula and simply resolution of response character of pipelines under random loads was educed.
The technique of numerical value can stimulate the complex actual situation effectively. So FEM was applied to calculate the longitudinal and the transverse chanmical chatacter of the pipelines under the unalt
本文在总结、归纳、分析国内外关于管道受力分析的有关成果的基础上，提出了目前管道受力分析研究的重点和难点。
文中基于基本假定，建立了长期均布交通荷载作用下管道的地基梁受力模型，分析了管道在静态载荷作用下的力学性状，并对支座形式、地基系数、管道刚度等影响因素进行了相关分析。
管道与土体在动力下的相互作用是一个耦合系统问题，本文从荷载、土体、管-土整体三个方面深入探讨了动力荷载下管-土耦合系统的基本特征：随机性、动态变化性、耦合性、非线性等。
荷载的作用，最终要通过土体介质的传递到达管道本身，从而使得管道发生力学性状响应，因此，文中以粘弹性理论为基础，通过数学变换、推导，提出了荷载在土体中的传播特性和计算方法，使得管道的动力激励部分问题得解。
本文采用Eular-Bernonulli梁模型和Tomosimko梁模型对动力下Kelvin粘弹性地基中管道固有振动性状进行了分析，提出了各力学结果描述的解析式；并以Eular-Bernonulli梁模型为主，基于脉冲函数、振型迭加法等对管道在动力交通荷载作用下的管道响应问题提出简单便捷的解析算法；在管道受力结果的分析中，考虑管道响应输出的随机性，将管道响应用随机过程来描述其概率特征，使得结果描述更加真实准确。同时，建立了考虑管-土系统参数在动力下存在动态变化特点的交通荷载下管道的Eular-Bernoulli地基梁受力模型，分别对参数随着空间和空间变化时的位移响应提出了详细的解析求解过程，从而保证了管土系统在动力下参数随时空动态变化条件下解析求解方法的科学性与完备性。
文中还将受交通荷载作用下的管道简化为多跨连续梁受力模型进行研究，应用结构力学方法分析了简谐交通荷载下管道受力响应的特征；并考虑参数变化的随机性，采用了摄动理论对管-土参变系统进行了其响应的概率特征描述，提出了简便的分析方法。
应用数值技术可以有效的进行实际复杂情况的模拟，因此，文中对管道在恒定交通荷
载和简谐荷载下管道的纵向以及横向受力特性进行了数值模拟计算，主要采用比较适合于土
体计算的A baq二软件进行，同时也对其各影响因素作了相关敏感性分析。
本文基于管道的宏观受力损伤破坏机理，即考虑管道的激励和响应两个状态，主要运
用了损伤理论、应力一强度干涉理论、参变理论等，并全面引入结构可靠度理论，将影响管
道结构可靠性的各种因素均视为随机变量，寻求各变量的统计规律，从而确定管道结构的失
效概率等参数，从而建立了管道在考虑线性损伤、损伤概率、模糊损伤失效等各种复杂的情
况下的受力损伤可靠度分析模型，从另一个层面上对管道的受力破坏研究提出了解决途径。
As an effective method, pipelines play an important role in modern industrial, agricalture and people's life. It is called the fifth transport way except the highway, railway, water carriage and airway. So pipelines were called the lifeline engineering, too. With the development of the society and the level of the citizing, the destroyed actualities of the pipelines were affecting the normal life and manufacture of the people. So people put more attention to this problem and bring forward higher demands for the dependability and the security of the pipelines in the soft soil under the traffic loads. To carry out the research of the chanmical charachers of the pipelines in the soft soil under traffic loads is needed for the development of the society, construction and life.
After analysising the correspondence literature of the pipelines home and abroad carefully, the hotspot and the difficulty on the pipelines' chanmical properties were brought out.
Based on some suppositions, this paper established the model on the foundation beam of the pipelines under the long-term and symmetrical traffic loads. So the chanmical properties and the effect of the timbering form, foundation modulus and stiffen coefficient of the pipelines under static loads were studied, which provided the research basic for the chanmical properties of the pipelines under dynamical loads.
The mutual effect of the pipelines and the soil under the dynamical loads is belonging to a coupling system. The essential properties like randomicity; dynamic; coupling; nonlinear and so on of the system of pipelines-soil under dynamical loads was studied through loads, soil, and pipelines-soil etc three aspects, so this chapter offers the basic job for the dynamical response of the pipelines-soil system.
Eular -Bernonulli beam model and Tomosimko beam model were adapted to study the inherence vibration properties of the pipelines under dynamical loads, and the analytical answers of the chanmical results were brought out in the fifth chapter. And gave priority to the Eular -Bernonulli beam model, the simply and convenient analytical resolution for the response of the pipelines under dynamical traffic loads through the impulse function and the congruence method of the vibration form and so on. During the analysis of the chanmical results of the pipelines, the randomicity of the output of the pipelines response was taken into accout. So the stochastic process method was applied to describe the probability characters of the pipelines response, which made the results truer, more veracious. At the same time, the character of dynamical parameter
under dynamical loads was taken into accout, so elastic Eular -Bernonulli foundation beam model under traffic loads was set up. In this model, firstly, the detailed resolution process accounting the parameters changing with the space was gained; secondly, the detailed resolution process accounting the parameters changing with the time was gained, too. So the integrality of the analytical resolution was preserved in term of the single parameter and the multi-parameters when the pipelines-soil system's parameters change with the space and time under dynamical loads.
Continuous multi-segment beam model is the other method of the common used model on the study of the pipelines. During the sixth chapter, such simplified model was adapted for the pipelines under dynamical traffic loads. So the framework chanmical way was adapted to study the character of the pipelines'response under trigonometric function traffic loads; then the randomicity of the parameters were taken into account, the paper uses the perturbation theory to describe the random character about the changing parameters of the pipelines. The calculate formula and simply resolution of response character of pipelines under random loads was educed.
The technique of numerical value can stimulate the complex actual situation effectively. So FEM was applied to calculate the longitudinal and the transverse chanmical chatacter of the pipelines under the unalt
引文
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