基于涡流技术的干法淀粉变性实验研究及数值模拟
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摘要
变性淀粉是淀粉深加工的主要产品之一。它广泛地应用于食品、纺织、造纸、饲料、铸造、精细化工、医药、建材、石油钻井等诸多领域中。通常其生产工艺有湿法、干法和干湿法相结合分步反应工艺。从工业生产实际看,上述工艺存在如下的缺点和问题,湿法存在工艺用水量大,化学试剂消耗大,生产工艺环节多,反应时间很长并有大量的含有机物和无机物的有害工业废水排放等;干法存在物料和试剂混合不均匀,反应不均一,很难提供理想反应条件,难以进行连续工艺操作,淀粉易糊化,副反应较多等;干湿相结合的方法也不能从根本上解决诸如:化学试剂消耗大,工艺用水量大,污染物排放多等缺点和问题。针对这些缺点和问题,本文通过研究淀粉变性的化学反应机理着手,改变思路,寻找出一种新的工艺技术和方法,即:采用涡流技术将淀粉变f生的过程置于一个流动的气固流场之中,获得淀粉变性所需的条件。并且应用气固两相流理论和计算流体力学CFD技术对工艺反映的核心装置涡轮反应器进行模拟,从而从理论上获得涡轮反应器内部的流动状况以及反应状况。本文的主要内容如下:
(1)利用涡流技术进行淀粉变性实验。就淀粉变性的化学机理而言,本文选择了糊精和淀粉磷酸酯两种代表淀粉水解和淀粉进一步氧化、酯化、醚化等作用的两类产品做制备试验。对实验所得的产品进行各项指标的检测,证明该技术的有效性。同时,获得生产这两种变性淀粉的最佳工艺参数,从而得到了涡流技术生产变性淀粉的较优的工艺方案。
(2)涡轮反应器内流场数学模型的建立。对变性淀粉生产的核心设备涡轮反应器内的反应进行数学建模,该数学模型的建立是在气固两相流的基础之上,用改进的代数应力和热流模型即(ASM模型)来预测反应器内的气体湍流运动状态,涡轮反应器内颗粒的运动模型采用双流体模型,并用热质传递模型描述涡轮反应器内物料和气体之间的热质传递过程。对涡轮反应器内部物料之间的反应进行了简化,因为反应是在物料内部进行,反应的模拟可以简化为和气相之间的热量交换,故反应体现在固相和气相的热质交换模型之中。上述模型可以描述涡轮反应器内流场的运动状况和热质传递状况以及反应状况;
(3)数学模型的求解。通过上述对涡轮反应器内部流场以及热质传递反应CFD模型的建立,基本上可以将反应器内部的淀粉变性过程状况模拟出来。对这些模型的求解应用了数值求解方法。本文详细论述了适用于本模型和本流场状况的理论的数值求解过程,包括坐标系的转化、通用方程组的离散、差分格式的选择、源项的处理、代数方程的求解、单相代数方程组的SIMPLE算法、气体-颗粒两相流的LEGAML算法等;本文在上述理论分析的基础上,依据试验安排的工艺条件和参数,选用CFD通用商用软件进行模拟求解,该软件是在上述理论的基础上进行的,主要求解过程包括模拟区域的确定和非结构化网格的划分、边界条件的选择以及数值计算过程。
(4)模拟结果的获得。淀粉变性过程中理想条件下的诸如反应时间、温度、湿度及流场速度分布等参数,在涡轮反应器内部进行测量非常困难,通过输入试验获得的边界条件,进行CFD模拟获得了涡轮反应器内部流场的颗粒运动轨迹、温度分布状况、密度分布状况、速度分布状况、切向速度、轴向速度、径向速度分布状况、湍流强度分布状况、相对湿度分布状况、水含量分布状况以及速度矢量分布状况等。此外应用CFD技术对涡轮反应器内转子叶片安装的调整和改变加热温度对上述的各项分布状况的影响进行了模拟。同时,对模拟结果进行比较和分析,得到了期望的涡轮反应器内部淀粉变性过程的运动规律。为利用涡流技术进行淀粉变性生产实践提供了理论依据。
本研究利用涡流技术,首次将淀粉变性的化学反应机理过程置于连续流动的气-固流场中进行,仅用几分钟时间即可完成传统工艺湿法和干法变性所需要的几个小时到几十个小时,且耗能低,无污染排放。
Modified starch is the main product of the deep processing starch. It is widely used in textile, paper making, food, feeding, found, fine chemistry, medicine, timbering, petroleum and so on. According to the technical there are three kinds one is wet processing, one is dry processing and the third is combining of above two. The disadvantages of the wet processing are great usage of water, chemical reagent, more loss of starch, numerous of process, longer react time and pollution drainage and so on. Although dry processing can conquer above flaw, it can also have the disadvantages of asymmetry mix, not equal reaction, difficult to provide reaction condition, difficult to make technics continued and so on. The combining of wet and dry processing also has the disadvantages of great consume of chemical reagent and water, much let out of contaminanoa In order to conquer above disadvantages, new technology using vortex is provided to settle some problem such as asymmetry mix, not equal reaction, decreasing chemical reagent, enhancing efficient, falling of consume of energy and so on. No similar using of vortex in modified starch did be found in the document consulted, and even the maths simulation of the flow field of the interior of the vortex reactor. The paper is engaged in the new technics of modified starch and maths simulation with applying of Gas and Solid flow theory and CFD technical. In theory the flow field condition and the reaction situation can be acquired The content of the paper are as follows.(1) Experiment of preparing modified starch. Two delegate modified starch dextrin and Phosphoric Ester of Potato Starch are chosen to be prepared with using vortex reactor. By checking kinds of indexes and experiment under different condition, the optimum parameters were obtained and the excellent technical projects were found.(2) The constituting of maths model of flow filed of interior reactor. Based on the gas and solid theory, the movement states are forecasted by ASM model. Because this model can simulate onflow and revolve flow more preferably, the model can accord with the movement rule much better. The model of the grain is Two-fluid model. Hot and matter transferring model is used to describe the process of the exchange of hot and matter of the gas and the solid. The process of the react is simplified. The model of react is simplified as a model of the hot exchange of the gas and the solid because the reaction happened only in the interior of the solid. The movement of gas and solid, hot and matter exchanging situation and the reaction situation can be obtained through the settling of these models.(3) Settling of the maths model. All the situation of the interior vortex reactor can be simulated by the CFD model. Numerical value method was used to settle these models. All the theory process including the transforming of coordinate, the dispersing of the currency equation group, the choosing of the difference format, dealing of the fountain item, the settling of algebra equation, the SIMPLE arithmetic of single-phase equation group, the LEGAML arithmetic of gas-grain phases and so on were described in details. Based on the analysis of above process, the models were simulated with CFD software. The main process of the software including the ascertaining of the scope of simulating field and the dividing of non-structure grid, the choosing of the bound condition and the processing of account of numerical value.(4) The acquiring of the simulation result. It is difficult to measure the velocity, temperature, humidity because the limit of experiment condition and the limit of vortex reactor itself. The distributing of velocity, temperature, density, relative humidity, tangential velocity, axial velocity, radial velocity,
turbulence intensity, mass fraction of H2O and velocity vectors etc. The effect of the change of angle of slurry leaf and reacting temperature are simulated in the paper. The conclusion provided the theory guidance for the reality use of vortex reactor. It also provides the measure method for th
(1)利用涡流技术进行淀粉变性实验。就淀粉变性的化学机理而言,本文选择了糊精和淀粉磷酸酯两种代表淀粉水解和淀粉进一步氧化、酯化、醚化等作用的两类产品做制备试验。对实验所得的产品进行各项指标的检测,证明该技术的有效性。同时,获得生产这两种变性淀粉的最佳工艺参数,从而得到了涡流技术生产变性淀粉的较优的工艺方案。
(2)涡轮反应器内流场数学模型的建立。对变性淀粉生产的核心设备涡轮反应器内的反应进行数学建模,该数学模型的建立是在气固两相流的基础之上,用改进的代数应力和热流模型即(ASM模型)来预测反应器内的气体湍流运动状态,涡轮反应器内颗粒的运动模型采用双流体模型,并用热质传递模型描述涡轮反应器内物料和气体之间的热质传递过程。对涡轮反应器内部物料之间的反应进行了简化,因为反应是在物料内部进行,反应的模拟可以简化为和气相之间的热量交换,故反应体现在固相和气相的热质交换模型之中。上述模型可以描述涡轮反应器内流场的运动状况和热质传递状况以及反应状况;
(3)数学模型的求解。通过上述对涡轮反应器内部流场以及热质传递反应CFD模型的建立,基本上可以将反应器内部的淀粉变性过程状况模拟出来。对这些模型的求解应用了数值求解方法。本文详细论述了适用于本模型和本流场状况的理论的数值求解过程,包括坐标系的转化、通用方程组的离散、差分格式的选择、源项的处理、代数方程的求解、单相代数方程组的SIMPLE算法、气体-颗粒两相流的LEGAML算法等;本文在上述理论分析的基础上,依据试验安排的工艺条件和参数,选用CFD通用商用软件进行模拟求解,该软件是在上述理论的基础上进行的,主要求解过程包括模拟区域的确定和非结构化网格的划分、边界条件的选择以及数值计算过程。
(4)模拟结果的获得。淀粉变性过程中理想条件下的诸如反应时间、温度、湿度及流场速度分布等参数,在涡轮反应器内部进行测量非常困难,通过输入试验获得的边界条件,进行CFD模拟获得了涡轮反应器内部流场的颗粒运动轨迹、温度分布状况、密度分布状况、速度分布状况、切向速度、轴向速度、径向速度分布状况、湍流强度分布状况、相对湿度分布状况、水含量分布状况以及速度矢量分布状况等。此外应用CFD技术对涡轮反应器内转子叶片安装的调整和改变加热温度对上述的各项分布状况的影响进行了模拟。同时,对模拟结果进行比较和分析,得到了期望的涡轮反应器内部淀粉变性过程的运动规律。为利用涡流技术进行淀粉变性生产实践提供了理论依据。
本研究利用涡流技术,首次将淀粉变性的化学反应机理过程置于连续流动的气-固流场中进行,仅用几分钟时间即可完成传统工艺湿法和干法变性所需要的几个小时到几十个小时,且耗能低,无污染排放。
Modified starch is the main product of the deep processing starch. It is widely used in textile, paper making, food, feeding, found, fine chemistry, medicine, timbering, petroleum and so on. According to the technical there are three kinds one is wet processing, one is dry processing and the third is combining of above two. The disadvantages of the wet processing are great usage of water, chemical reagent, more loss of starch, numerous of process, longer react time and pollution drainage and so on. Although dry processing can conquer above flaw, it can also have the disadvantages of asymmetry mix, not equal reaction, difficult to provide reaction condition, difficult to make technics continued and so on. The combining of wet and dry processing also has the disadvantages of great consume of chemical reagent and water, much let out of contaminanoa In order to conquer above disadvantages, new technology using vortex is provided to settle some problem such as asymmetry mix, not equal reaction, decreasing chemical reagent, enhancing efficient, falling of consume of energy and so on. No similar using of vortex in modified starch did be found in the document consulted, and even the maths simulation of the flow field of the interior of the vortex reactor. The paper is engaged in the new technics of modified starch and maths simulation with applying of Gas and Solid flow theory and CFD technical. In theory the flow field condition and the reaction situation can be acquired The content of the paper are as follows.(1) Experiment of preparing modified starch. Two delegate modified starch dextrin and Phosphoric Ester of Potato Starch are chosen to be prepared with using vortex reactor. By checking kinds of indexes and experiment under different condition, the optimum parameters were obtained and the excellent technical projects were found.(2) The constituting of maths model of flow filed of interior reactor. Based on the gas and solid theory, the movement states are forecasted by ASM model. Because this model can simulate onflow and revolve flow more preferably, the model can accord with the movement rule much better. The model of the grain is Two-fluid model. Hot and matter transferring model is used to describe the process of the exchange of hot and matter of the gas and the solid. The process of the react is simplified. The model of react is simplified as a model of the hot exchange of the gas and the solid because the reaction happened only in the interior of the solid. The movement of gas and solid, hot and matter exchanging situation and the reaction situation can be obtained through the settling of these models.(3) Settling of the maths model. All the situation of the interior vortex reactor can be simulated by the CFD model. Numerical value method was used to settle these models. All the theory process including the transforming of coordinate, the dispersing of the currency equation group, the choosing of the difference format, dealing of the fountain item, the settling of algebra equation, the SIMPLE arithmetic of single-phase equation group, the LEGAML arithmetic of gas-grain phases and so on were described in details. Based on the analysis of above process, the models were simulated with CFD software. The main process of the software including the ascertaining of the scope of simulating field and the dividing of non-structure grid, the choosing of the bound condition and the processing of account of numerical value.(4) The acquiring of the simulation result. It is difficult to measure the velocity, temperature, humidity because the limit of experiment condition and the limit of vortex reactor itself. The distributing of velocity, temperature, density, relative humidity, tangential velocity, axial velocity, radial velocity,
turbulence intensity, mass fraction of H2O and velocity vectors etc. The effect of the change of angle of slurry leaf and reacting temperature are simulated in the paper. The conclusion provided the theory guidance for the reality use of vortex reactor. It also provides the measure method for th
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Volchkov E P. Aerodynamics and heat and mass transfer of fluidized partical beds in vortex chamvers. Heat transfer Engineering, 1993,14(3)
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Yem S C. Gas-solid heat transfer in a gas cyclone. J.China.inst.Chem.Eng. 1990,21(4): 197-206
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