三个红梨品种在商丘地区的表现及主要病害防治研究
摘要
本文以种植在商丘农业科学研究所实验基地的美人酥、满天红、红酥脆为试材,以酥梨、金花梨、水晶梨对照品种,通过田间试验观察和科学试验测定相结合的方法,就其物候期、生长结果习性、果实经济性状、产量和效益以及主要病害防治情况进行研究,其目的是为制定优质标准化栽培技术提供依据。主要研究结果如下:
1、三个红梨品种(美人酥、满天红、红酥脆)在商丘市生长结果正常,除成熟期差异较大外,其它主要物候期都很接近。2月下旬萌动,3月下旬进入花期,11月下旬落叶,正常年份不会受晚霜危害。
2、三个红梨品种萌芽力强,坐果率高,明显高于对照品种
3、与对照品种(酥梨、金花梨、水晶梨)相比,三个红梨品种石细胞极少,色泽鲜艳,品质极上。
4、三个红梨品种的3年累计亩产量较酥梨高15～40%,满天红的3年累计亩产量较金花梨、水晶梨分别高10%、19%。
5、三个红梨上主要发生的病害有梨黑星病、轮纹病、干腐病。且以前两种为主。7、8月份的降雨量影响梨黑星病果实病害的发生量;4至6月份的降雨量影响梨轮纹病果实病害的发生量。雨量越大病害发生越严重。
6、果实套袋可明显的减轻红梨黑星病、轮纹病的发生。果实套袋,梨黑星病的发病率为2.56﹪,梨轮纹病发病率为1.54﹪;果实不套袋,梨黑星病发病率为24.2﹪,梨轮纹病发病率为20.8﹪。
In this experiment, the main phonological periods,growing and bearing habits, the economic traits of fruits,the output and efficiency and control of main disease were studied on Meirensu pear ,Mantianhong pear and hongsucui pear.the main results were as follows:
1 . The varieties could grow and bear normally in the Shangqiu city .The main phonological periods were identical except the maturation, and the first swelling of them appeared on later february, then bloomed on later March.
2. The three red pears variety were much better than control variety in the bud force and setting rate.
3. Compared with the control vaieties, the three varieties of red pears have few sclerotic cells and brighter color.
4. The per mu yield of total output of the three red pear varieties three yeas exceeded that Suli pear by 15 to 40 percent,The Mantianhong pear exceeded the Jinhua pear by 10 percent and Shuijing pear by 19 percent.
5 The relativity between severity of two diseasea and rainfall was high.pearscab was severer when the rainfall was heavier in July and august.Pear ring spot was severer on fruit when the rainfall was heavier in April May and June.
6 Fruit bagging could significantly allerivate the occerrence of the two diseases. The incidences of pear scab disease and pear ring spot disease were 2.56% and 1.54% respectively by fruit bagging. And the incidences were high to 24.2% and 20.8% respectively with not using fruit bag.
1、三个红梨品种(美人酥、满天红、红酥脆)在商丘市生长结果正常,除成熟期差异较大外,其它主要物候期都很接近。2月下旬萌动,3月下旬进入花期,11月下旬落叶,正常年份不会受晚霜危害。
2、三个红梨品种萌芽力强,坐果率高,明显高于对照品种
3、与对照品种(酥梨、金花梨、水晶梨)相比,三个红梨品种石细胞极少,色泽鲜艳,品质极上。
4、三个红梨品种的3年累计亩产量较酥梨高15～40%,满天红的3年累计亩产量较金花梨、水晶梨分别高10%、19%。
5、三个红梨上主要发生的病害有梨黑星病、轮纹病、干腐病。且以前两种为主。7、8月份的降雨量影响梨黑星病果实病害的发生量;4至6月份的降雨量影响梨轮纹病果实病害的发生量。雨量越大病害发生越严重。
6、果实套袋可明显的减轻红梨黑星病、轮纹病的发生。果实套袋,梨黑星病的发病率为2.56﹪,梨轮纹病发病率为1.54﹪;果实不套袋,梨黑星病发病率为24.2﹪,梨轮纹病发病率为20.8﹪。
In this experiment, the main phonological periods,growing and bearing habits, the economic traits of fruits,the output and efficiency and control of main disease were studied on Meirensu pear ,Mantianhong pear and hongsucui pear.the main results were as follows:
1 . The varieties could grow and bear normally in the Shangqiu city .The main phonological periods were identical except the maturation, and the first swelling of them appeared on later february, then bloomed on later March.
2. The three red pears variety were much better than control variety in the bud force and setting rate.
3. Compared with the control vaieties, the three varieties of red pears have few sclerotic cells and brighter color.
4. The per mu yield of total output of the three red pear varieties three yeas exceeded that Suli pear by 15 to 40 percent,The Mantianhong pear exceeded the Jinhua pear by 10 percent and Shuijing pear by 19 percent.
5 The relativity between severity of two diseasea and rainfall was high.pearscab was severer when the rainfall was heavier in July and august.Pear ring spot was severer on fruit when the rainfall was heavier in April May and June.
6 Fruit bagging could significantly allerivate the occerrence of the two diseases. The incidences of pear scab disease and pear ring spot disease were 2.56% and 1.54% respectively by fruit bagging. And the incidences were high to 24.2% and 20.8% respectively with not using fruit bag.
引文
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[2]贾敬贤.梨树高产栽培[M].金盾出版社.1992,1.
[3]李文斌,李朝阳,于兰岭.丰水梨生长结果习性及丰产优质栽培[J].落叶果树,1999,(1):38.
[4]罗新书.综合评议西洋梨栽培的品种选择[J].落叶果树,2000,(6):1-2.
[5] Sam.R. Apples and pears around the world [J]. Fruit World International, 1998,(2):64-78
[6]赵红军,王茂生,崔钿胜等.红色西洋梨品种红考密斯引种试验[J]。中国果树,2000,(2):20
[7]温淑萍.日本梨生产现状及新品种“喜水”[J].宁夏农林科技, 1995, (4): 56.
[8] Bruce Barritt. Apple and Pear Production and Planting trend[M]. Goof Fruit Grower , 1999, 7:9-15.
[9] Lindsay.bueker. Apple and Pear Production and Planting trend [M]. Goof Fruit Grower, 1999, 8:10-14
[10]赵宗方,陈云志.果树生产问答[M].上海:上海科技出版社, 1988.132-133.
[11]石声汉.齐民要术今释[M].科学出版社, 1957
[12]王棍,冯月秀,徐凌飞.我国新育成的不同熟期梨优良新品种[J].山西果树, 1998( l ):13-14.
[13]滕威,柳琪,陈琦等.我国40种主要优良梨品种的地域分布及感官性状研究[J].中国果品研究, 1997, l:18-21.
[14] LiXiu-gen, YangZhi-hong, Chen Mei-ling, etc. Trail of the NewEarly Eeason Pear varieties [J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2000, 17(4):265-268.
[15]周永年.杂交早熟梨选育经过及新品种简介[J].中国南方果树, 2002, 31(增刊):53-54.
[16]郗荣庭主编.中国鸭梨[M].北京:中国林业大学出版社, 1992.
[17]沈德绪,李载龙,郑淑群.梨物候期间的相关性和相关遗传.园艺学报, 1980, 7 (4 ):25-30 .
[18]王彦敏等.梨生物学观察[J].邯郸农业高等专科学校学报[J] .教学与科研, 1992,13(4):5-8.
[19]李树铃,黄礼森,孙秉钧等.梨物候期观察[J].北方果树, 1990(2) :20-23.
[20]成健红,谭郭炎,艾尔肯等.巴旦杏花物候学与形态学研究[J].西北植物学报, 2001, 21(2):33 9 - 344
[21]陈铁琦.桃树开花生物学特性研究[J].江苏农业科学, 1989, 20 (7 ):32-33.
[22]河北农业大学主编.果树实验研究[M].北京:农业出版社, 1988.
[23]河北农业大学主编.果树栽培学总论[M].北京:农业出版社, 1980.
[24]吕德国,刘国成,杜国栋.日光温室甜樱桃生长发育节律研究[J].园艺学报, 2002 , 29(5):477-479.
[25]马玉敏,张继亮,孙海伟等.板栗品种生物学特性研究[J].落叶果树, 2000, 3:14-15.
[26]朱立武,张如峰,丁士林.美味猴桃新品种皖翠生物学特性研究[J].安徽农业大学学报, 2002, 29 ( 1):7 4-77.
[27]吕波,杨批修,郭超峰.酥梨生物学特性观察[J].果树科学, 1996, 13 (3): 178-180.
[28]王际轩,刘志,谢秀花等.苹果无病毒树的生长和结果表现[J].园艺学报, 2000, 27(3): 157-160.
[29]河北农业大学主编.果树栽培学各论[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[30]曲泽洲,陈四维编.果树生态[M].上海科学技术出版社, 1988: 89- 98.
[31]乔进春,朱梅玲,杨敏生等.扁桃的开花结实特性.果树学报, 2002, 19(3): 167-170.
[32]夏春林,陈加美,周萍,等.杏花雌蕊发育与坐果关系的研究[J].河北果树, 1998, (4):10-11
[33]吴邦良,夏春林,赵宗方等.果树开花结实生理与调控技术[M].上海科学技术出版社, 1995.
[34]刘德良,张琴.三台核桃结实特性研究[J].广西植物, 2001, 21 (l):61-71.
[35]张惟一.果蔬采后生理学[M].农业出版社,1993.
[36]管彦良,胡安生,蒋斌芳等.柑桔果实脱落的激素调控[J].浙江农业学报, 1995, 7 (4 ):297-300 .
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