LF炉精炼过程强化还原与电炉流程节奏工艺研究
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摘要
基于底吹氩搅拌、白渣还原精炼和电弧加热等精炼功能,对钢液进行脱硫、脱氧、均匀钢液成分温度及去夹杂,LF炉在生产中得到广泛应用。对于以连铸为中心的电炉流程,通过强化LF炉精炼过程、减少精炼时间,以提高其对电炉流程节奏的调节能力,实现多炉连浇意义重大。
本文结合南钢电炉分厂生产实际,通过对LF炉精炼过程解析,研究了LF炉底吹氩工艺、白渣还原精炼工艺及9炉连浇时钢水温度变化规律;结合电炉流程各工艺环节生产实际,以流程时间和温度概念,研究和评价了电炉流程现状及水平,基于连铸标准开浇时间优化了流程生产节奏,考察了9炉连浇时LF炉对流程节奏的调节作用及其精炼时间变化规律。通过研究得到如下结果:
1)结合LF炉精炼过程工艺特点及各环节的冶金要求,给出的底吹氩优化工艺,不但简单易行,而且吹氩工艺得到细化和强化,更趋于合理,实际可操作性强。
2)CaO-CaF_2二元精炼渣系,在一定范围内增大渣量可降低钢终点硫含量、提高脱硫率;对25Mn2钢和15CrMoG钢,渣量为16.5kg/t和22kg/t时,w[%S]可降低至10ppm和30ppm,脱硫率超过90%,精炼效果最好。
3)当w(%CaF_2)小于27%时,w(%CaF_2)增加促进渣脱硫;当w(%CaF_2)大于27%时,w(%CaF_2)增加,不利于渣脱硫。
4)增加吨钢吹氩量有助于脱硫,当超过临界吹氩量(0.28～0.30m~3.t~(-1))后,脱硫率增加缓慢。保证不卷渣的前提下,氩气流量越大,钢液的表观脱硫速度系数K_s越大,即反应动力学条件越好。
5)电炉流程时间及温度满足“收敛性”要求,但控制水平不高。电炉冶炼周期、LF炉精炼时间及连铸浇注一包钢水时间波动分别为8.61min,7.61min和4.88min,波动较大;出钢温度、LF炉终点温度及大包温度波动分别为11℃、9.94℃和8.84℃,波动较大。
6)出钢工位至精炼工位传隔过程中钢水存在40～160℃温降,平均温降为98.6℃,温降波动为27.8℃,温降及波动均较大;出钢温度、出钢时间、传隔时间、精炼初期渣量及合金加入量对温降影响较大;减少该过程温降可明显提高LF炉技术水平,当温降减少20℃时,吨钢精炼电耗下降9.2kWh/t,节电14.32%。LF炉精炼时间缩短4～5min,精炼效率提高7.27%～9.1%。
7)在强化LF炉精炼过程和缩短精炼时间基础上,按标准开浇时间进行浇注,可使LF炉在精炼跨作业时间及精炼时间变化趋于合理,其流程节奏调节能力明显提高,可以实现多炉连浇。
LF furnace is widely used due to the argon stirring,reductive slag refining and the arc heating function,for desulfurization,desoxidation,removing the inclusions and uniform temperature and composition of molten steel during refining process.While with the continuous casting process as the center of EAF steelmaking flow,it is more significant through strengthen the LF's refining process,so that reduce refining time to increase the LF's adjusting ability to regulate the flow rhythm in order to achieve sequence casting.
Based on the nansteel Co.LTD's production,this thesis studied the argon blowing process,reductive slag refining technology and the flow of liquid steel temperature's variation during sequence casting through the analysis of LF's refining process;Combined with the practical production,researeh and evaluate the present technology situation and its level with the concept of time and temperature flow.Based on the standard pouting time,optimized the EAF flow rhythm and intensive study the LF's regulating action on the flow rhythm and the change low of the LF's refining time when 9 furnace pouring.Through this paper's study,the following conclusions can be achieved:
1)Combintion the characteristics of the process technology and metallurgicalof the request,the given argon blowing optimization process not only simple,but also having been refined and strengthened,become more reasonable and feasible.
2)As for the CaO-CaF_2 binary slag,in a certain range,increasing the slag quality can reduce the sulfur content of the end steel and improve the desulfurization rate;For the 25Mn2 and the 15CrMoG,when the slag quality is 16.5kg/t and 22kg/t,the w[%S]can be reduced to 10ppm and 30ppm,the desulfurization rate of beyond 90%,obtain the best refining effect.
3)When the w(%CaF_2) is less than 27%,the content of calcium fluoride's increasing in slag will promote the slag's desulfurization;when w(%CaF_2) is more'than 27%,its increasing will not conducive to the slag's desulfurization.
4)Increasing the argon quantity will help the slag's desulfuration,when more than the threshold(0.28～0.35m~3.t~(-1)),the desulfurization rate increase slowly.Under the premise of not rolling slag,the argon blowing rate is more greater,the liquid steel's Ks is larger,that is the the conditions of reaction kinetics is better.
5)The EAF steelmaking process's time and temperature meet the "convergence"request, but controlling.level is low.EAF's,smelting cycle,LF's,refining time and the continuous casting machine's time were 8.61min,7.61min and 4.88min respectively;The volatility of the EAF's tapping temperature,LF's terminal temperature and the dabao's temperature werel 11℃, 9.94℃and 8.84℃respectively.Both their operation time and terminal temperature existed great volatility.
6)There is a 40～160℃temperature drop from EAF tap position to the LF position.The average temperature drop were 98.6℃,temperature fluctuations were 27.8℃and the fluctuations wree larger.The EAF's tapping temperature,tapping time,transport time,the initial slag's quality and the amount of alloy,have a great impact on the temperature drop, reducing the temperature drop can significantly increase the LF's technical level.If maked the temperature drop reduced 20℃,the LF's power consumption would droppd by 9.2kWh/t, saving energy 14.32%,the LF's refining time would reduce by 4～5 min,refining efficiency would raise 7.27%～9.1%.
7)Through strengthen the LF refining process and shorten its refining time,and pouting at the standard pouring time,can make the LF's operation time and its refining time more reasonable.The LF's rhythm adjusting capability had improved and could achieve sequence casting.
本文结合南钢电炉分厂生产实际,通过对LF炉精炼过程解析,研究了LF炉底吹氩工艺、白渣还原精炼工艺及9炉连浇时钢水温度变化规律;结合电炉流程各工艺环节生产实际,以流程时间和温度概念,研究和评价了电炉流程现状及水平,基于连铸标准开浇时间优化了流程生产节奏,考察了9炉连浇时LF炉对流程节奏的调节作用及其精炼时间变化规律。通过研究得到如下结果:
1)结合LF炉精炼过程工艺特点及各环节的冶金要求,给出的底吹氩优化工艺,不但简单易行,而且吹氩工艺得到细化和强化,更趋于合理,实际可操作性强。
2)CaO-CaF_2二元精炼渣系,在一定范围内增大渣量可降低钢终点硫含量、提高脱硫率;对25Mn2钢和15CrMoG钢,渣量为16.5kg/t和22kg/t时,w[%S]可降低至10ppm和30ppm,脱硫率超过90%,精炼效果最好。
3)当w(%CaF_2)小于27%时,w(%CaF_2)增加促进渣脱硫;当w(%CaF_2)大于27%时,w(%CaF_2)增加,不利于渣脱硫。
4)增加吨钢吹氩量有助于脱硫,当超过临界吹氩量(0.28～0.30m~3.t~(-1))后,脱硫率增加缓慢。保证不卷渣的前提下,氩气流量越大,钢液的表观脱硫速度系数K_s越大,即反应动力学条件越好。
5)电炉流程时间及温度满足“收敛性”要求,但控制水平不高。电炉冶炼周期、LF炉精炼时间及连铸浇注一包钢水时间波动分别为8.61min,7.61min和4.88min,波动较大;出钢温度、LF炉终点温度及大包温度波动分别为11℃、9.94℃和8.84℃,波动较大。
6)出钢工位至精炼工位传隔过程中钢水存在40～160℃温降,平均温降为98.6℃,温降波动为27.8℃,温降及波动均较大;出钢温度、出钢时间、传隔时间、精炼初期渣量及合金加入量对温降影响较大;减少该过程温降可明显提高LF炉技术水平,当温降减少20℃时,吨钢精炼电耗下降9.2kWh/t,节电14.32%。LF炉精炼时间缩短4～5min,精炼效率提高7.27%～9.1%。
7)在强化LF炉精炼过程和缩短精炼时间基础上,按标准开浇时间进行浇注,可使LF炉在精炼跨作业时间及精炼时间变化趋于合理,其流程节奏调节能力明显提高,可以实现多炉连浇。
LF furnace is widely used due to the argon stirring,reductive slag refining and the arc heating function,for desulfurization,desoxidation,removing the inclusions and uniform temperature and composition of molten steel during refining process.While with the continuous casting process as the center of EAF steelmaking flow,it is more significant through strengthen the LF's refining process,so that reduce refining time to increase the LF's adjusting ability to regulate the flow rhythm in order to achieve sequence casting.
Based on the nansteel Co.LTD's production,this thesis studied the argon blowing process,reductive slag refining technology and the flow of liquid steel temperature's variation during sequence casting through the analysis of LF's refining process;Combined with the practical production,researeh and evaluate the present technology situation and its level with the concept of time and temperature flow.Based on the standard pouting time,optimized the EAF flow rhythm and intensive study the LF's regulating action on the flow rhythm and the change low of the LF's refining time when 9 furnace pouring.Through this paper's study,the following conclusions can be achieved:
1)Combintion the characteristics of the process technology and metallurgicalof the request,the given argon blowing optimization process not only simple,but also having been refined and strengthened,become more reasonable and feasible.
2)As for the CaO-CaF_2 binary slag,in a certain range,increasing the slag quality can reduce the sulfur content of the end steel and improve the desulfurization rate;For the 25Mn2 and the 15CrMoG,when the slag quality is 16.5kg/t and 22kg/t,the w[%S]can be reduced to 10ppm and 30ppm,the desulfurization rate of beyond 90%,obtain the best refining effect.
3)When the w(%CaF_2) is less than 27%,the content of calcium fluoride's increasing in slag will promote the slag's desulfurization;when w(%CaF_2) is more'than 27%,its increasing will not conducive to the slag's desulfurization.
4)Increasing the argon quantity will help the slag's desulfuration,when more than the threshold(0.28～0.35m~3.t~(-1)),the desulfurization rate increase slowly.Under the premise of not rolling slag,the argon blowing rate is more greater,the liquid steel's Ks is larger,that is the the conditions of reaction kinetics is better.
5)The EAF steelmaking process's time and temperature meet the "convergence"request, but controlling.level is low.EAF's,smelting cycle,LF's,refining time and the continuous casting machine's time were 8.61min,7.61min and 4.88min respectively;The volatility of the EAF's tapping temperature,LF's terminal temperature and the dabao's temperature werel 11℃, 9.94℃and 8.84℃respectively.Both their operation time and terminal temperature existed great volatility.
6)There is a 40～160℃temperature drop from EAF tap position to the LF position.The average temperature drop were 98.6℃,temperature fluctuations were 27.8℃and the fluctuations wree larger.The EAF's tapping temperature,tapping time,transport time,the initial slag's quality and the amount of alloy,have a great impact on the temperature drop, reducing the temperature drop can significantly increase the LF's technical level.If maked the temperature drop reduced 20℃,the LF's power consumption would droppd by 9.2kWh/t, saving energy 14.32%,the LF's refining time would reduce by 4～5 min,refining efficiency would raise 7.27%～9.1%.
7)Through strengthen the LF refining process and shorten its refining time,and pouting at the standard pouring time,can make the LF's operation time and its refining time more reasonable.The LF's rhythm adjusting capability had improved and could achieve sequence casting.
引文
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80.#12
81.张慧书,战东平,姜周华.LF精炼过程的钢水温度控制[J],工业加热,2005,34(2):64-66
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