鲕状赤铁矿分选行为及磁化焙烧的基础研究
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摘要
我国鲕状赤铁矿资源丰富,约占全国铁矿资源总量的1／9,由于鲕状赤铁矿嵌布粒度极细,矿物组成和矿石结构及构造复杂,是国内外公认的最难选的铁矿石类型之一,因此,这部分铁矿资源目前基本没有得到开发利用。随着国内高品位富矿及易选矿资源的日趋枯竭,国内钢铁行业正面临着巨大的原料供应压力,研究鲕状赤铁矿资源的选矿技术,对于我国钢铁行业的持续发展具有重要的战略意义和经济价值。
本文以我国贵州某地鲕状赤铁矿资源为对象,在系统研究重选、强磁分选及强磁—浮选等物理选矿方法选别鲕状赤铁矿的效果及其制约因素的基础上,重点研究了磁化焙烧—磁选流程对鲕状赤铁矿选别指标和铁精矿脱磷的影响因素及适宜工艺制度,并应用热力学及动力学理论和X射线衍射分析、显微镜矿相分析等测试技术研究了影响磁化焙烧—磁选选别指标的机制,通过研究得出以下结论：
(1)采用摇床分选、高梯度强磁分选及强磁—浮选流程等物理选矿方法对鲕状赤铁矿进行的分选研究发现,摇床分选指标相对较好,但所获得的铁精矿铁品位仅为54.22%,回收率为33.74%。矿石磨矿过程中易于泥化及含铁矿物嵌布粒度极细是制约鲕状赤铁矿物理选矿分选效果的主要因素。
(2)磁化焙烧—磁选的研究结果表明,鲕状赤铁矿采取球团方式进行磁化焙烧—磁选与采取粉矿方式相比,获得的铁精矿铁品位可由52.31%提高到54.20%,但回收率基本相当,在80%左右。磁化焙烧过程中配加添加剂能提高铁精矿铁的回收率,但对铁品位基本没有影响。
(3)对铁精矿进行的酸浸脱磷研究结果表明,酸浸能显著降低铁精矿的磷含量,并可提高铁品位,在适宜的酸浸制度下,铁精矿的磷含量由0.258%降低到0.065%,铁品位由54%左右提高到57%左右。
(4)磁化焙烧—磁选机制研究表明,磁化焙烧过程中,赤铁矿还原成磁铁矿的反应在热力学上极为容易发生,在动力学上反应速率较快,不会成为赤铁矿还原成磁铁矿反应的制约性因素,但是磁化焙烧过程仅能改变铁的物相而不能改变含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系,磁化焙烧矿中含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系对原矿具有继承性,这是制约鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果的内在原因。磁化焙烧过程中配加添加剂对赤铁矿还原成磁铁矿反应速率的影响不大,仅略能改变含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系,但作用极为有限,因而对磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果改善不大。鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果取决于原矿中含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系。
本文在鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选研究过程中,提出了磁化焙烧过程仅能改变铁的物相而不能改变矿石中铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系,即磁化焙烧矿中含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系对原矿具有继承性的观点,揭示了制约鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果的内在原因。此外,还首次研究了添加剂对鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果的影响极其机理,上述研究工作,丰富了磁化焙烧—磁选理论,为鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选的工业应用提供理论指导。
The Oolitic hematite is abundant in our country, accounting for1/9of the total iron ore resources. However, this type iron resource has not been widely exploite for its fine particle distribution, complex structure and compostion. With the high comsumption of high grade ore for easy separation continually, steel industry is facing tremendous pressure from raw material supply. The job of exploring and processing the grade and refractory hematite ore is quietly urgent.
In this paper, the samples samples were high phosphorus Oolitite from Guizhou. Firstly, conventional physical benefication methods which include shaking table, high-intensity magnetic separation and floation were used to separate this Oolitite hematite, mainly to study the constraints of conventional separation. Secondly, magnetic roasting-magnetic separation process was used to separate Oolitite hematite and dephosphorization, to find out the affecting factors and appropriate technology systems of this process. Thermodynamics analysis, kinetic analysis, X-ray diffraction and microstructure annlysis were also used to study the mechanism of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation. The results were as followed:
(1)The results of physical separation methods indicate that shaking table separation can obtain a relatively good index, with a concentrate of 54.22%Fe grade and 33.74% Fe recovery. Sliming in grinding process and fine particle embedment were the main reasons to restrict Oolitite hematite separation.
(2)The results of magnetic roasting-separation show that pellet magnetic roast can obtain a higher grade of iron concentrate than that of powder magnetic roasting with TFe 52.31% growing to 54.20%, but the recoveries were almost the same, keeping at about 80%. Additive can improve the iron recovery of concentrate, but has no more effect on iron grade.
(3) the results of dephosphorization indicate that iron concentrate leached by acid can significantly reduce the phosphorus content and increase the iron grade. Under the appropriate acid leaching process, the P content of iron concentrate can be reduced from 0.258% to 0.065% and the Fe grade increased from 54% to 57%.
(4) The mechanism research of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation results indicate that the reduction of hematite to magnetite was extremely easy to happen and the Kinetics rate of Magnetic roasting process was fast. So the kinetic was not the restrictive factor of Magnetic roast. However, magnetic roast can only change the phase of iron rather than the microstructure of ore, which means that the magnetic roast ore has the same microstructure to the raw ore. This is the internal reason to restrict magnetic roasting-magnetic separation. Additive can not change the control unit of the reaction, have little effect on the reaction rate of hematite reducing to magnetite, have little effect on the change of the microstructure of ore and promotion of the grain growth and ctystallization of magnetite, so it has little effect to improve the magnetic roasting-magnetic separation. The results of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation depend on the dissemination size and embedment relationship of iron mineral in the ore.
This paper, on the basis of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation study, presented the view that magnetic roast can only change the phase of iron rather than the microstructure, especially the dissemination size and distribution of the ore, which revealed the underlying reasons to limit the magnetic roasting-magnetic separation. In addition, additive effect on the separation and the mechanism of Oolitite hematite magnetic roast was studied for the frist time. This reaseach project enriched the magnetic roasting-magnetic separation theory and has a good guidance for the industrial applications of Oolitite hematite with the magnetic roasting-magnetic separation.
本文以我国贵州某地鲕状赤铁矿资源为对象,在系统研究重选、强磁分选及强磁—浮选等物理选矿方法选别鲕状赤铁矿的效果及其制约因素的基础上,重点研究了磁化焙烧—磁选流程对鲕状赤铁矿选别指标和铁精矿脱磷的影响因素及适宜工艺制度,并应用热力学及动力学理论和X射线衍射分析、显微镜矿相分析等测试技术研究了影响磁化焙烧—磁选选别指标的机制,通过研究得出以下结论：
(1)采用摇床分选、高梯度强磁分选及强磁—浮选流程等物理选矿方法对鲕状赤铁矿进行的分选研究发现,摇床分选指标相对较好,但所获得的铁精矿铁品位仅为54.22%,回收率为33.74%。矿石磨矿过程中易于泥化及含铁矿物嵌布粒度极细是制约鲕状赤铁矿物理选矿分选效果的主要因素。
(2)磁化焙烧—磁选的研究结果表明,鲕状赤铁矿采取球团方式进行磁化焙烧—磁选与采取粉矿方式相比,获得的铁精矿铁品位可由52.31%提高到54.20%,但回收率基本相当,在80%左右。磁化焙烧过程中配加添加剂能提高铁精矿铁的回收率,但对铁品位基本没有影响。
(3)对铁精矿进行的酸浸脱磷研究结果表明,酸浸能显著降低铁精矿的磷含量,并可提高铁品位,在适宜的酸浸制度下,铁精矿的磷含量由0.258%降低到0.065%,铁品位由54%左右提高到57%左右。
(4)磁化焙烧—磁选机制研究表明,磁化焙烧过程中,赤铁矿还原成磁铁矿的反应在热力学上极为容易发生,在动力学上反应速率较快,不会成为赤铁矿还原成磁铁矿反应的制约性因素,但是磁化焙烧过程仅能改变铁的物相而不能改变含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系,磁化焙烧矿中含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系对原矿具有继承性,这是制约鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果的内在原因。磁化焙烧过程中配加添加剂对赤铁矿还原成磁铁矿反应速率的影响不大,仅略能改变含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系,但作用极为有限,因而对磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果改善不大。鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果取决于原矿中含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系。
本文在鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选研究过程中,提出了磁化焙烧过程仅能改变铁的物相而不能改变矿石中铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系,即磁化焙烧矿中含铁矿物的粒度及嵌布关系对原矿具有继承性的观点,揭示了制约鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果的内在原因。此外,还首次研究了添加剂对鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选分选效果的影响极其机理,上述研究工作,丰富了磁化焙烧—磁选理论,为鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧—磁选的工业应用提供理论指导。
The Oolitic hematite is abundant in our country, accounting for1/9of the total iron ore resources. However, this type iron resource has not been widely exploite for its fine particle distribution, complex structure and compostion. With the high comsumption of high grade ore for easy separation continually, steel industry is facing tremendous pressure from raw material supply. The job of exploring and processing the grade and refractory hematite ore is quietly urgent.
In this paper, the samples samples were high phosphorus Oolitite from Guizhou. Firstly, conventional physical benefication methods which include shaking table, high-intensity magnetic separation and floation were used to separate this Oolitite hematite, mainly to study the constraints of conventional separation. Secondly, magnetic roasting-magnetic separation process was used to separate Oolitite hematite and dephosphorization, to find out the affecting factors and appropriate technology systems of this process. Thermodynamics analysis, kinetic analysis, X-ray diffraction and microstructure annlysis were also used to study the mechanism of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation. The results were as followed:
(1)The results of physical separation methods indicate that shaking table separation can obtain a relatively good index, with a concentrate of 54.22%Fe grade and 33.74% Fe recovery. Sliming in grinding process and fine particle embedment were the main reasons to restrict Oolitite hematite separation.
(2)The results of magnetic roasting-separation show that pellet magnetic roast can obtain a higher grade of iron concentrate than that of powder magnetic roasting with TFe 52.31% growing to 54.20%, but the recoveries were almost the same, keeping at about 80%. Additive can improve the iron recovery of concentrate, but has no more effect on iron grade.
(3) the results of dephosphorization indicate that iron concentrate leached by acid can significantly reduce the phosphorus content and increase the iron grade. Under the appropriate acid leaching process, the P content of iron concentrate can be reduced from 0.258% to 0.065% and the Fe grade increased from 54% to 57%.
(4) The mechanism research of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation results indicate that the reduction of hematite to magnetite was extremely easy to happen and the Kinetics rate of Magnetic roasting process was fast. So the kinetic was not the restrictive factor of Magnetic roast. However, magnetic roast can only change the phase of iron rather than the microstructure of ore, which means that the magnetic roast ore has the same microstructure to the raw ore. This is the internal reason to restrict magnetic roasting-magnetic separation. Additive can not change the control unit of the reaction, have little effect on the reaction rate of hematite reducing to magnetite, have little effect on the change of the microstructure of ore and promotion of the grain growth and ctystallization of magnetite, so it has little effect to improve the magnetic roasting-magnetic separation. The results of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation depend on the dissemination size and embedment relationship of iron mineral in the ore.
This paper, on the basis of magnetic roasting-magnetic separation study, presented the view that magnetic roast can only change the phase of iron rather than the microstructure, especially the dissemination size and distribution of the ore, which revealed the underlying reasons to limit the magnetic roasting-magnetic separation. In addition, additive effect on the separation and the mechanism of Oolitite hematite magnetic roast was studied for the frist time. This reaseach project enriched the magnetic roasting-magnetic separation theory and has a good guidance for the industrial applications of Oolitite hematite with the magnetic roasting-magnetic separation.
引文
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