电镀污泥的资源化研究
|
摘要
本研究以主要含重金属铜和锡的电镀污泥为研究对象,提出了“浸出—分步沉淀—无害化”的处理工艺,并对浸出、分步沉淀、除杂、无害化过程的工艺条件和机理进行了研究和探讨。研究结果表明:该工艺能较好地回收电镀污泥中的有价金属铜和锡,同时,整个工艺过程产生的废水、废渣符合安全排放的标准,不会对环境产生危害,达到了资源化和无害化的目的。
以不同的酸作为浸出剂对污泥进行了浸出效果比较实验,结果表明,在相同条件下,各酸的浸出效果顺序为:盐酸>王水>硝酸>硫酸。因此选择盐酸作为电镀污泥浸出剂。盐酸浸出实验的理想工艺条件为:污泥的给料细度为100目,液固比为3,每克污泥加盐酸2mL,浸出时间为1hr,常温。在该工艺条件下,铜、锡的浸出率均在95%以上。
对电镀污泥的浸出液采用加碱调节pH值的方法来分步沉淀铜和锡。工艺条件为:将浸出液pH值调至2,沉淀锡;在pH值为2～4范围内除去杂质铁;将pH从4调节到8,沉淀铜。在上述工艺条件下,能有效地除去浸出液中的主要杂质,得到的铜和锡产品的回收率和纯度都较高。
工艺产生的废水可以达到排放标准,满足污水综合排放要求。产生的固体废渣得到了大幅减量化,而且也达到了安全处置的要求。因此,整个工艺产生的废物均不会对环境造成危害。
技术经济分析后发现,用该工艺处理电镀污泥是有一定的经济价值,该技术具有环境和经济双重效益。本研究在工艺流程上有所创新,技术切实可行,设计参数合理,操作简单方便,对实际生产有指导意义。
A new technology is developed, described as leaching-precipitating step by sep — innoxious disposal. It is used to treat the electroplating sludge in which the primary heavy metals are copper and Stannum. The mechanisms of leaching , precipitating and purifying of this technology are investigated. The results have shown that the copper and Stannum can be leached mostly, and the waste water and the solid waste produced in leaching and precipitating process do not have adverse effects on the environment.Different acids are used to leach the electroplating sludge, and the results have shown that hydrochloric acid is the best leaching reagent. The optimum conditions of acid leaching are: the fineness of raw material is 100, the ratio of water/solid is 3, acid dosage is 2mL per gram dry sludge, leaching time is lh, the room temperature is used. Copper and Stannum can be effectively leached from the electroplating sludge.Copper and Stannum are separated by precipitating under different pH values from the leaching solution. The impurities are also removed by precipitating. The high-quality products of Sn(OH)4 and Cu(OH)2 are made .The waste water and the solid waste produced in the leaching and precipitating process can meet the standard of safe disposal. So, the wastes have no bad impact to the environment.Through economical analysis, it can be concluded that it is profitable to treat the electroplating sludge using the new method. In our investigation, there are innovations in technology, and the parameters are suitable, so the technology has guidable meaning to the plant application.
以不同的酸作为浸出剂对污泥进行了浸出效果比较实验,结果表明,在相同条件下,各酸的浸出效果顺序为:盐酸>王水>硝酸>硫酸。因此选择盐酸作为电镀污泥浸出剂。盐酸浸出实验的理想工艺条件为:污泥的给料细度为100目,液固比为3,每克污泥加盐酸2mL,浸出时间为1hr,常温。在该工艺条件下,铜、锡的浸出率均在95%以上。
对电镀污泥的浸出液采用加碱调节pH值的方法来分步沉淀铜和锡。工艺条件为:将浸出液pH值调至2,沉淀锡;在pH值为2～4范围内除去杂质铁;将pH从4调节到8,沉淀铜。在上述工艺条件下,能有效地除去浸出液中的主要杂质,得到的铜和锡产品的回收率和纯度都较高。
工艺产生的废水可以达到排放标准,满足污水综合排放要求。产生的固体废渣得到了大幅减量化,而且也达到了安全处置的要求。因此,整个工艺产生的废物均不会对环境造成危害。
技术经济分析后发现,用该工艺处理电镀污泥是有一定的经济价值,该技术具有环境和经济双重效益。本研究在工艺流程上有所创新,技术切实可行,设计参数合理,操作简单方便,对实际生产有指导意义。
A new technology is developed, described as leaching-precipitating step by sep — innoxious disposal. It is used to treat the electroplating sludge in which the primary heavy metals are copper and Stannum. The mechanisms of leaching , precipitating and purifying of this technology are investigated. The results have shown that the copper and Stannum can be leached mostly, and the waste water and the solid waste produced in leaching and precipitating process do not have adverse effects on the environment.Different acids are used to leach the electroplating sludge, and the results have shown that hydrochloric acid is the best leaching reagent. The optimum conditions of acid leaching are: the fineness of raw material is 100, the ratio of water/solid is 3, acid dosage is 2mL per gram dry sludge, leaching time is lh, the room temperature is used. Copper and Stannum can be effectively leached from the electroplating sludge.Copper and Stannum are separated by precipitating under different pH values from the leaching solution. The impurities are also removed by precipitating. The high-quality products of Sn(OH)4 and Cu(OH)2 are made .The waste water and the solid waste produced in the leaching and precipitating process can meet the standard of safe disposal. So, the wastes have no bad impact to the environment.Through economical analysis, it can be concluded that it is profitable to treat the electroplating sludge using the new method. In our investigation, there are innovations in technology, and the parameters are suitable, so the technology has guidable meaning to the plant application.
引文
[1] 安成强等.电镀三废治理技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002:25～28
[2] 张春爱.电镀废水综合治理的研究[J].环境工程,1995,13(2):3～7
[3] 马荣骏.工业废水的处理[M].长沙:中南工业出版社,1991
[4] 贾金平等.电镀废水处理技术及工程实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[5] Lowe, P., et al. Developments in sewage sludge incineration. Symp. on Effluent Treatment and Waste Disposal. Instn. Chem. Eng., University of Leeds, 1990.
[6] Huston, J. A., et al. Sewage sludge incineration: some planning and operating experiences. IWEM Year Book, 1992.
[7] Hills, C. D., et al. Early heat of hydration during the solidification of a metal plating sludge. Cement and Concrete Research, 1992, 22(5): 822～832.
[8] 涂洁等.HAS土壤固化剂对电镀污泥处理效果的研究[J].环境工程,2003,21(4):44～47
[9] 赵由才等.危险废物处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[10] 王伟等.我国的固体废物处理处置现状与发展[J].环境科学,1997,18(2):87～90
[11] 贾金平等.电镀重金属污泥的固化/稳定化处理[J].上海环境科学,1999,18(5):229～232.
[12] 贾金平等.电镀重金属污泥的处理与综合利用现状[J].上海环境科学,1999,18(3):139～141
[13] 国家科技标准司编.电镀污泥及铬渣资源化实用技术指南[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997
[14] Kuhn S P, Appol. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,1989, 31(5～6): 613～618
[15] Bewtra, J.K. et al. Recent advances in treatment of selected hazardous wastes. Water Pollution Research J. of Canada, 1995, 30(1)115～125
[16] 吴乾菁等.微生物治理电镀废水的研究[J].环境科学,1997,18(5):47～50
[17] Puranic PR, Pakinikar KM. Influence of co-cations on biosorption of lead and zinc comparative evaluation in binary and multimetal systems[J]. Bioresour Technol, 1999, 70: 269～276
[18] Neal, C. A. Metals recovery from industrial sludges. Proceedings of the AESF annual technical conference. American Electroplaters & Surface Finishers Soc Inc, Orlando, FL, USA. 1990, 687.
[19] 祝万鹏等.溶剂萃取法回收电镀污泥中的有价金属[J].给水排水,1995,(12):16～18
[20] 祝万鹏等.溶剂萃取法提取电镀污泥氨浸出渣中的金属资源[J].环境科学,1998,19(3):35～38
[21] 梁俊兰译.从电镀污泥中回收镍[J].有色冶金,1999,28(6):46～48
[22] 张冠东等.从氨浸电镀污泥产物中氢还原分离铜、镍、锌的研究[J].化工冶金,1996,17(3):214～219
[23] 陈凡植等.电镀污泥的综合利用实验研究[J].化工进展,2001,(7):25～28
[24] 廖畅华.焚烧温度对电镀污泥后续处理影响的研究[J].再生资源,2002,(5):34～36
[25] 刘俊等.从电镀锌废渣中回收制备锌盐的研究[J].上海环境科学,2002,21(11):672～675
[26] 贾金平等.富铁电镀污泥合成磁性探伤粉的研究[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(4):31～33
[27] 龙军等.电镀污泥与粘土混合制砖重金属浸出毒性实验[J].石油化工环境保护,1995,(3)43～46
[28] 陈剑峰.电镀企业水污染控制与环境管理浅析[J].引进与咨询,2003,(9):22～22
[29] 张锡民.浅谈电镀污泥的金属回收和无害化处理[J].资源节约和综合利用,1990,(3):41～44
[30] 周建红等.含铬污泥的堆肥化处理及其复合肥的应用效果[J].西北轻工业学报,2002,20(2):8～10
[31] 贾金平等.有电镀污泥合成磁性肥料的工艺及应用初探[J].中国化学会第五届应用化学年会论文集(上),上海,1997,4,133～135
[32] 孙玉华,王竹寒.电镀废水处理后的污泥处理和利用[J].江苏环境科技.1997,14(1):47～49
[33] 岩井重久等.污水污泥处理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981:11～15
[34] 何燧源,金云云.环境化学[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,1997:120～122
[35] 化学工业部教育培训中心.三废处理与环境保护[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997:175～180
[36] 李洪桂等.湿法冶金学[M](第一版).中南大学出版社,2002:115～170
[37] 蒋汉瀛。冶金电化学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1983:336～350
[38] 杨显万邱定蕃。湿法冶金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1998:1944～211
[39] 陈加镛,杨守志,柯家骏.湿法冶金的研究与发展[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1998:129～297
[40] 武汉大学.分析化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988:402～421
[41] 武汉大学.分析化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988:422～427
[2] 张春爱.电镀废水综合治理的研究[J].环境工程,1995,13(2):3～7
[3] 马荣骏.工业废水的处理[M].长沙:中南工业出版社,1991
[4] 贾金平等.电镀废水处理技术及工程实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[5] Lowe, P., et al. Developments in sewage sludge incineration. Symp. on Effluent Treatment and Waste Disposal. Instn. Chem. Eng., University of Leeds, 1990.
[6] Huston, J. A., et al. Sewage sludge incineration: some planning and operating experiences. IWEM Year Book, 1992.
[7] Hills, C. D., et al. Early heat of hydration during the solidification of a metal plating sludge. Cement and Concrete Research, 1992, 22(5): 822～832.
[8] 涂洁等.HAS土壤固化剂对电镀污泥处理效果的研究[J].环境工程,2003,21(4):44～47
[9] 赵由才等.危险废物处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[10] 王伟等.我国的固体废物处理处置现状与发展[J].环境科学,1997,18(2):87～90
[11] 贾金平等.电镀重金属污泥的固化/稳定化处理[J].上海环境科学,1999,18(5):229～232.
[12] 贾金平等.电镀重金属污泥的处理与综合利用现状[J].上海环境科学,1999,18(3):139～141
[13] 国家科技标准司编.电镀污泥及铬渣资源化实用技术指南[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997
[14] Kuhn S P, Appol. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,1989, 31(5～6): 613～618
[15] Bewtra, J.K. et al. Recent advances in treatment of selected hazardous wastes. Water Pollution Research J. of Canada, 1995, 30(1)115～125
[16] 吴乾菁等.微生物治理电镀废水的研究[J].环境科学,1997,18(5):47～50
[17] Puranic PR, Pakinikar KM. Influence of co-cations on biosorption of lead and zinc comparative evaluation in binary and multimetal systems[J]. Bioresour Technol, 1999, 70: 269～276
[18] Neal, C. A. Metals recovery from industrial sludges. Proceedings of the AESF annual technical conference. American Electroplaters & Surface Finishers Soc Inc, Orlando, FL, USA. 1990, 687.
[19] 祝万鹏等.溶剂萃取法回收电镀污泥中的有价金属[J].给水排水,1995,(12):16～18
[20] 祝万鹏等.溶剂萃取法提取电镀污泥氨浸出渣中的金属资源[J].环境科学,1998,19(3):35～38
[21] 梁俊兰译.从电镀污泥中回收镍[J].有色冶金,1999,28(6):46～48
[22] 张冠东等.从氨浸电镀污泥产物中氢还原分离铜、镍、锌的研究[J].化工冶金,1996,17(3):214～219
[23] 陈凡植等.电镀污泥的综合利用实验研究[J].化工进展,2001,(7):25～28
[24] 廖畅华.焚烧温度对电镀污泥后续处理影响的研究[J].再生资源,2002,(5):34～36
[25] 刘俊等.从电镀锌废渣中回收制备锌盐的研究[J].上海环境科学,2002,21(11):672～675
[26] 贾金平等.富铁电镀污泥合成磁性探伤粉的研究[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(4):31～33
[27] 龙军等.电镀污泥与粘土混合制砖重金属浸出毒性实验[J].石油化工环境保护,1995,(3)43～46
[28] 陈剑峰.电镀企业水污染控制与环境管理浅析[J].引进与咨询,2003,(9):22～22
[29] 张锡民.浅谈电镀污泥的金属回收和无害化处理[J].资源节约和综合利用,1990,(3):41～44
[30] 周建红等.含铬污泥的堆肥化处理及其复合肥的应用效果[J].西北轻工业学报,2002,20(2):8～10
[31] 贾金平等.有电镀污泥合成磁性肥料的工艺及应用初探[J].中国化学会第五届应用化学年会论文集(上),上海,1997,4,133～135
[32] 孙玉华,王竹寒.电镀废水处理后的污泥处理和利用[J].江苏环境科技.1997,14(1):47～49
[33] 岩井重久等.污水污泥处理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981:11～15
[34] 何燧源,金云云.环境化学[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,1997:120～122
[35] 化学工业部教育培训中心.三废处理与环境保护[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997:175～180
[36] 李洪桂等.湿法冶金学[M](第一版).中南大学出版社,2002:115～170
[37] 蒋汉瀛。冶金电化学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1983:336～350
[38] 杨显万邱定蕃。湿法冶金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1998:1944～211
[39] 陈加镛,杨守志,柯家骏.湿法冶金的研究与发展[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1998:129～297
[40] 武汉大学.分析化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988:402～421
[41] 武汉大学.分析化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1988:422～427