公共建筑空调系统设计综合能效比计算方法的研究
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摘要
我们通常认为公共建筑中央空调系统在整个生命周期内主要分为两个阶段:一是设计阶段,二是运行阶段。近几年随着国家节能减排发展战略的开展和深入,公共建筑中央空调系统的节能成为许多暖通业内人士竞相研究的对象。在众多的研究中尤其以对运行阶段的研究最多。运行阶段有数据可进行监测为研究带来了极大的方便,并且它更贴切中央空调使用的实际情况,其备受研究者推崇。然而我们知道,一个中央空调系统运行的好坏除了与运行管理有关外,关键是系统设计是否合理。因此,从设计阶段入手研究空调系统的节能具有重要的意义。设计综合能效比作为公共建筑中央空调系统设计阶段的一个重要研究方向,必将对中国未来公共建筑节能研究产生重要影响。但是对公共建筑设计综合能效比的研究目前尚属空白,还没有完整意义上的对整个公共建筑中央空调系统设计能效的综合评价方法。本研究将以设计综合能效比计算方法为研究的对象去探索一条评价整个中央空调系统设计水平的新道路。
本研究第一次提出采用加权的思想来计算空调系统设计综合能效比。具体做法为:分别求出部分负荷时整个系统的设计综合能效比,然后通过加权系数将其加在一起得出整个空调系统的设计综合能效比。在公共建筑空调系统部分负荷工况下能耗的分析中,除了研究分析了常规空调系统耗能设备部分负荷工况下能耗的计算方法外,还着重介绍了蓄冷和水环热泵等中央空调系统部分负荷下设备能耗的计算。在加权系数的确定方法的介绍中,首先用来自深圳地区能耗监测系统所监测的公共建筑制冷主机09年全年能耗数据来分析深圳地区不同类公共建筑全年负荷特性,然后是对深圳地区不同类公共建筑全年空调负荷进行模拟,最后根据模拟的结果计算出深圳地区不同类公共建筑设计综合能效比加权系数的值。在文章结尾部分列举了深圳地区某商场空调系统的设计综合能效比的计算实例,通过与常规计算方法的比较更加突显了本次研究出的计算方法在评价空调系统设计水平的优越性。
We often say that the central air-conditioning systems in the public buildings are mainly divided into two phases throughout its life cycles, the designing phase and the running phase. In recent years,with development of national strategies for reduction of the public buildings lots of scholars are beginning to study the energy conservation of the central air-conditioning system in the public buildings. In particular,the studies about running phase are most among numerous researches. It is very convenience because there are a lot of datas in running phase, and it is more apt to the actual situation of the central air conditioning running,the studies about the running phase are favorite for the scholars. However, as far as we know, Apart from the usually operation and management it is related with the level of design of central air-conditioning system whether the running of a central air-conditioning system is good or not. Therefore, it is improtent for us to make a good deel with the the energy conservation of the central air-conditioning system from the beginning of the design phase. As a important direction for study in the central air-conditioning systems design phase, design comprehensive energy efficiency must will have an important impact on the energy conservation study about public buildings in China. But until now, the study for design comprehensive energy efficiency is a blank. There have not to be a complete evaluation for the whole central air conditioning design comprehensive energy efficiency in the public buildings. This study will be to explore a way for us to evaluate the design comprehensive energy efficiency level of the whole central air conditioning with the study for design comprehensive energy efficiency rate as a object.
The idea to calculate the design comprehensive energy efficiency rate using weighting coefficient is first proposed In this study.First,to calculate the design comprehensive energy efficiency rate on condition of partial load rejection, respectively.And then plusing them together by weighting coefficient to get the design comprehensive energy efficiency rate of the entire air conditioning system.During the analysing about the energy consumption on condition of partial load rejection, not only has introduced the computing method on condition of partial load rejection in the conditioning air-conditioning system,but also has ntroduced the computing method in the ice cool storage air condition system and the water-loop heat pump system. in the confirmation about weighting coefficients In the fifth chapter, firstly,we analysis the load characteristic yearly in different public buildings using the annual energy consumption monitoring dates of chiller from shenzhen in 2009.And then we make some imitations for the annual dynamic load and energy consumption of the air conditioning system. Finally, we get the weighting coefficients by the result from the imitations. At the end of the article, a design comprehensive energy efficiency rate of air conditioning system about a shopping mall in Shenzhen was calculated.By comparing with the conventional method, we can fand that the method used in this study is more advantages. It can better evaluate the design level of air-conditioning system.
本研究第一次提出采用加权的思想来计算空调系统设计综合能效比。具体做法为:分别求出部分负荷时整个系统的设计综合能效比,然后通过加权系数将其加在一起得出整个空调系统的设计综合能效比。在公共建筑空调系统部分负荷工况下能耗的分析中,除了研究分析了常规空调系统耗能设备部分负荷工况下能耗的计算方法外,还着重介绍了蓄冷和水环热泵等中央空调系统部分负荷下设备能耗的计算。在加权系数的确定方法的介绍中,首先用来自深圳地区能耗监测系统所监测的公共建筑制冷主机09年全年能耗数据来分析深圳地区不同类公共建筑全年负荷特性,然后是对深圳地区不同类公共建筑全年空调负荷进行模拟,最后根据模拟的结果计算出深圳地区不同类公共建筑设计综合能效比加权系数的值。在文章结尾部分列举了深圳地区某商场空调系统的设计综合能效比的计算实例,通过与常规计算方法的比较更加突显了本次研究出的计算方法在评价空调系统设计水平的优越性。
We often say that the central air-conditioning systems in the public buildings are mainly divided into two phases throughout its life cycles, the designing phase and the running phase. In recent years,with development of national strategies for reduction of the public buildings lots of scholars are beginning to study the energy conservation of the central air-conditioning system in the public buildings. In particular,the studies about running phase are most among numerous researches. It is very convenience because there are a lot of datas in running phase, and it is more apt to the actual situation of the central air conditioning running,the studies about the running phase are favorite for the scholars. However, as far as we know, Apart from the usually operation and management it is related with the level of design of central air-conditioning system whether the running of a central air-conditioning system is good or not. Therefore, it is improtent for us to make a good deel with the the energy conservation of the central air-conditioning system from the beginning of the design phase. As a important direction for study in the central air-conditioning systems design phase, design comprehensive energy efficiency must will have an important impact on the energy conservation study about public buildings in China. But until now, the study for design comprehensive energy efficiency is a blank. There have not to be a complete evaluation for the whole central air conditioning design comprehensive energy efficiency in the public buildings. This study will be to explore a way for us to evaluate the design comprehensive energy efficiency level of the whole central air conditioning with the study for design comprehensive energy efficiency rate as a object.
The idea to calculate the design comprehensive energy efficiency rate using weighting coefficient is first proposed In this study.First,to calculate the design comprehensive energy efficiency rate on condition of partial load rejection, respectively.And then plusing them together by weighting coefficient to get the design comprehensive energy efficiency rate of the entire air conditioning system.During the analysing about the energy consumption on condition of partial load rejection, not only has introduced the computing method on condition of partial load rejection in the conditioning air-conditioning system,but also has ntroduced the computing method in the ice cool storage air condition system and the water-loop heat pump system. in the confirmation about weighting coefficients In the fifth chapter, firstly,we analysis the load characteristic yearly in different public buildings using the annual energy consumption monitoring dates of chiller from shenzhen in 2009.And then we make some imitations for the annual dynamic load and energy consumption of the air conditioning system. Finally, we get the weighting coefficients by the result from the imitations. At the end of the article, a design comprehensive energy efficiency rate of air conditioning system about a shopping mall in Shenzhen was calculated.By comparing with the conventional method, we can fand that the method used in this study is more advantages. It can better evaluate the design level of air-conditioning system.
引文
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[2]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2009[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009,3.
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[6]蒸汽压缩循环冷水(热泵)机组工商业用和类似用途的冷水(热泵)机组GB/T18430.1-2001[S].
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[22]重庆市公共建筑集中空调工程设计能效比限值(暂行)规定[S].
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[26]于航.空调蓄冷技术与设计[M].北京:化学工业出版,2007,9.
[27]姜乃昌.水泵及水泵站[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,1998,11.
[28]龙天渝.流体力学——泵与风机[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,5.
[29]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008, 5.
[30]倪雪梅.冰蓄冷节能控制方案优化[D].四川:西南交通大学,2004,2.
[31]陆亚俊.暖通空调[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007,11.
[32]安大伟.暖通空调系统自动化[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009,7.
[33]蔡亚桥.改变动力流量调节方式的节能研究[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2006.
[34] DeST技术资料,清华大学建筑技术系DeST研发小组,2003.
[35]王秀志.空调冷冻水一次泵变频节能方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2008,6.
[36] Rosenquist, G.J. Energy conservation standards for room air conditioners[S].ASHRAET ransactions,1998.
[37] Energy Efficiency and Certification of Central Air Conditoners (EECCAC).Final Report-April 2003 Volume.
[38] Sophie Meritrt. French perspecyives in the emerging European Union energy policy. Energy Policy,2007,35:4767～4771.
[39] Energy Saving Designing Standard in Public Buildings,GB50189.
[40] XUE Zhi-feng, Jiangyi. The analysis about energy consumption actuality and energy saving potential in large-scale Public building in Beijing[J].Heating ventilation and air condition magazine. 2002(9):8-13.?
[41] Runming Yao,Baizhan Li,Koen steemers. Energy policy and standerd for built environment in China. Renewable Energy 2005,30:1973-1988.
[42] ARl210/240—2003.2003 Standard for unitary air—conditioning and air-source heat pump equirImerit . Airconditioning&refrigeration institute.America.
[43] DonaldM.Eppelheimer.Vairable Flow? The question for system energy eficiency.ASHRAE Transaction,Symposia:P673-678.
[44] Rosenquist,G.J.Energy conservation standards for room air conditioners.ASHRAE Transactions,1998.
[45] Energy Efficiency and Certification of Central Air Conditoners (EECCAC).Final Report-April 2003 Volumel.
[46] Long Wei-ding. The analysis about energy consumption actuality and energysaving potential in Public building in Shanghai. Heating ventilation and air condition magazine. 2002.
[47] Morteza M.Ardehali,Theodere F.Smith.Evaluation of Variable Volume and Temperature HVAC System for Commercial and Residential Buildings[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1995,9:1469-1479.
[48] Reeves.Understanding direct digitalcontrols for HVAC systems [J].Cost Engineering,1996.
[2]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2009[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009,3.
[3]江亿.我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径[J].第八届科博会中国能源战略高层论坛,2005.
[4]房间空气调节器能源效率限定值及能效等级GB12021.3-2004[S].
[5]单元式空气调节机能效限定值及能源效率等级GB19576-2004[S].
[6]蒸汽压缩循环冷水(热泵)机组工商业用和类似用途的冷水(热泵)机组GB/T18430.1-2001[S].
[7]冷水机组能效限定值及能源效率等级GB19577-2004[S].
[8]刘轶.对建筑空调系统设计能效比的初步计算分析[J].暖通空调,2008(6).
[9]骆艳.空调系统设计综合能效比的分析[J].深圳:深圳市建筑科学研究院.
[10]杨李宁.公共建筑中央空调工程能效比的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院,2007.
[11]白雪莲.公共建筑空调系统能耗实测与分析[N].重庆大学学报,2008(6).
[12]肖益民.重庆商场类建筑空调工程设计能效比统计分析[J].暖通空调,2007(8).
[13]林真国.重庆市酒店类建筑空调工程设计能效比调研[J].暖通空调,2009(2).
[14]黄伟.关于空调冷冻水输送能效比计算的一点看法[J].制冷,2009(1).
[15]成建宏.空调能效标准和标识的制订和作用[J].电力需求侧管理,2005,7(7).
[16]马一太.空调能效比发展趋势的研究[J].制冷与空调,2007,6(3).
[17]赖雪梅.中央空调系统全年运行能效分析[M].北京:北京工业大学,2007,6.
[18]张明圣.单元式空调机和冷水机组国家能效标准制[J].制冷与技术,2005.
[19] JRA4046-2005,日本房间空调器能效标准[S].
[20] Green building programme Air-conditioning Technical Module[J].GREEN BUILDING WP2 AIR CONDITIONING V2 ARMINES.doc3-10.
[21]王庆一.能源效率及相关政策和技术[J].应用能源技术,2002(6).
[22]重庆市公共建筑集中空调工程设计能效比限值(暂行)规定[S].
[23] SZJG 29-2009《公共建筑节能设计标准》深圳细则[S].
[24] ASHRAE.ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook[S].American Society of Heating,Refrigerating.
[25]《公共建筑节能设计标准》GB50189[S].
[26]于航.空调蓄冷技术与设计[M].北京:化学工业出版,2007,9.
[27]姜乃昌.水泵及水泵站[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,1998,11.
[28]龙天渝.流体力学——泵与风机[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,5.
[29]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008, 5.
[30]倪雪梅.冰蓄冷节能控制方案优化[D].四川:西南交通大学,2004,2.
[31]陆亚俊.暖通空调[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007,11.
[32]安大伟.暖通空调系统自动化[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009,7.
[33]蔡亚桥.改变动力流量调节方式的节能研究[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2006.
[34] DeST技术资料,清华大学建筑技术系DeST研发小组,2003.
[35]王秀志.空调冷冻水一次泵变频节能方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2008,6.
[36] Rosenquist, G.J. Energy conservation standards for room air conditioners[S].ASHRAET ransactions,1998.
[37] Energy Efficiency and Certification of Central Air Conditoners (EECCAC).Final Report-April 2003 Volume.
[38] Sophie Meritrt. French perspecyives in the emerging European Union energy policy. Energy Policy,2007,35:4767～4771.
[39] Energy Saving Designing Standard in Public Buildings,GB50189.
[40] XUE Zhi-feng, Jiangyi. The analysis about energy consumption actuality and energy saving potential in large-scale Public building in Beijing[J].Heating ventilation and air condition magazine. 2002(9):8-13.?
[41] Runming Yao,Baizhan Li,Koen steemers. Energy policy and standerd for built environment in China. Renewable Energy 2005,30:1973-1988.
[42] ARl210/240—2003.2003 Standard for unitary air—conditioning and air-source heat pump equirImerit . Airconditioning&refrigeration institute.America.
[43] DonaldM.Eppelheimer.Vairable Flow? The question for system energy eficiency.ASHRAE Transaction,Symposia:P673-678.
[44] Rosenquist,G.J.Energy conservation standards for room air conditioners.ASHRAE Transactions,1998.
[45] Energy Efficiency and Certification of Central Air Conditoners (EECCAC).Final Report-April 2003 Volumel.
[46] Long Wei-ding. The analysis about energy consumption actuality and energysaving potential in Public building in Shanghai. Heating ventilation and air condition magazine. 2002.
[47] Morteza M.Ardehali,Theodere F.Smith.Evaluation of Variable Volume and Temperature HVAC System for Commercial and Residential Buildings[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1995,9:1469-1479.
[48] Reeves.Understanding direct digitalcontrols for HVAC systems [J].Cost Engineering,1996.