基于超声技术的车辆信息检测系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着与智能交通系统相关的电子技术、计算机技术的不断发展,交通信息的采集与处理技术正逐渐成为交通系统建设者、管理者、相关科研院所、企业日益关注的热点,同时也成为了智能交通系统能否最终应用于实际并发挥作用的首要问题。论文在参阅了大量的参考文献的基础上,研究了国内外智能交通信息采集技术与数据融合处理技术的发展历史和现状,针对我国道路交通现实情况,结合现有的交通管理体系,研究了基于超声波技术的车辆信息检测系统方案。首先利用多个超声波传感器组成传感器阵列对行驶车辆的几何参数进行动态扫描,以获取车辆的几何参数,在检测终端主控单片机中进行数据处理后将处理结果通过串行通信上传至上位机,然后由上位机分析行驶车辆的车长、车宽、车高、车速,融合出最终结果,为交通管理提供技术保障和原始数据支撑,并且后续工作中可将最终检测的车辆外型参数结果与常用七种车型的外型经验数据进行比对和匹配,实现车型识别。
整个系统在结构上分为三部分:超声波数据采集阵列、数据通信模块、上位机。超声波数据采集阵列由双龙门架上的多个超声波检测模块构成,克服了传统的单一传感器检测准确性差系统稳定性不高的缺点,使车辆参数检测更加全面,得到的结果更加准确,系统的稳定性更高;检测终端与上位机通信利用485电平的串行通信,增加了通信距离,保证了系统在恶劣环境下的稳定工作;上位机和检测终端分别运行数据处理和数据融合程序,在减小误差的同时增加了系统的数据稳定性,把误差处理的运算任务分散到各个检测终端,提高了系统的数据处理效率,避免了大量数据运算占用服务器资源,保证服务器数据融合结果的准确性和可靠性。
在系统的设计与实现过程中,重点研究了(1)超声波采集模块的硬件电路、软件程序设计;(2)最小二乘数据处理算法;(3)各部分之间的通信电路设计;(4)上位机软件UI设计及加权平均法在车辆信息采集融合中的应用。
With the development of electronic technology and computer technology, traffic information collecting and processing technology has been gradually becoming the hot point of the traffic system builder, manager, the company and so on. Meanwhile it is the key of whether the intelligent transportation system can be used into reality and give it's answer to this problem. This paper consulted massive references, and then elaborated the historical development and present situation of domestic and foreign ITS. In view of our country road traffic situation, unified the existing traffic control system, author put forward the plan: vehicle information detecting system based on ultrasonic technology. First using multi-ultrasonic sensor compose sensor array to scan the moving vehicles' geometric parameter, after being processed the data will be uploaded to the host computer. Then the host computer analysis the data and give the moving vehicles' length, width, height, and velocity as the original data and technical support for traffic management, we can also comparing and matching the detecting data with the experience data to classify the vehicle.
The system can be divided into three parts in structure: sensor detecting array, data communication terminal, host computer. The sensor detecting array is constituted by many ultrasonic sensor gathering terminals on two portal frames, overcome the traditional single sensor's shortcomings of low varacity and stability.The detecting terminals and the host computer communicate by 485 serial port,increase the communication distance, ensure the stability of the system working under bad conditions.Host computer and detecting terminals run data processing and data fusion software seperately to reduce the error meanwhile the data stablity has been increased. The data processing process has been distributed to every detecting terminal and the host computer,increases the efficiency ,the varacity,the stability of the system.
The author mainly researches four parts in this system , hardware circuit and software of the ultrasonic detecting terminal, data processing method of least squares, design of the terminal communication circuit, design of the software and user interface on the host computer and the use of weighted average method in vehicle information collecting.
整个系统在结构上分为三部分:超声波数据采集阵列、数据通信模块、上位机。超声波数据采集阵列由双龙门架上的多个超声波检测模块构成,克服了传统的单一传感器检测准确性差系统稳定性不高的缺点,使车辆参数检测更加全面,得到的结果更加准确,系统的稳定性更高;检测终端与上位机通信利用485电平的串行通信,增加了通信距离,保证了系统在恶劣环境下的稳定工作;上位机和检测终端分别运行数据处理和数据融合程序,在减小误差的同时增加了系统的数据稳定性,把误差处理的运算任务分散到各个检测终端,提高了系统的数据处理效率,避免了大量数据运算占用服务器资源,保证服务器数据融合结果的准确性和可靠性。
在系统的设计与实现过程中,重点研究了(1)超声波采集模块的硬件电路、软件程序设计;(2)最小二乘数据处理算法;(3)各部分之间的通信电路设计;(4)上位机软件UI设计及加权平均法在车辆信息采集融合中的应用。
With the development of electronic technology and computer technology, traffic information collecting and processing technology has been gradually becoming the hot point of the traffic system builder, manager, the company and so on. Meanwhile it is the key of whether the intelligent transportation system can be used into reality and give it's answer to this problem. This paper consulted massive references, and then elaborated the historical development and present situation of domestic and foreign ITS. In view of our country road traffic situation, unified the existing traffic control system, author put forward the plan: vehicle information detecting system based on ultrasonic technology. First using multi-ultrasonic sensor compose sensor array to scan the moving vehicles' geometric parameter, after being processed the data will be uploaded to the host computer. Then the host computer analysis the data and give the moving vehicles' length, width, height, and velocity as the original data and technical support for traffic management, we can also comparing and matching the detecting data with the experience data to classify the vehicle.
The system can be divided into three parts in structure: sensor detecting array, data communication terminal, host computer. The sensor detecting array is constituted by many ultrasonic sensor gathering terminals on two portal frames, overcome the traditional single sensor's shortcomings of low varacity and stability.The detecting terminals and the host computer communicate by 485 serial port,increase the communication distance, ensure the stability of the system working under bad conditions.Host computer and detecting terminals run data processing and data fusion software seperately to reduce the error meanwhile the data stablity has been increased. The data processing process has been distributed to every detecting terminal and the host computer,increases the efficiency ,the varacity,the stability of the system.
The author mainly researches four parts in this system , hardware circuit and software of the ultrasonic detecting terminal, data processing method of least squares, design of the terminal communication circuit, design of the software and user interface on the host computer and the use of weighted average method in vehicle information collecting.
引文
1.智能交通网:http://www.21its.com.
2.王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000,65-66
3.李慧.车辆检测识别系统的设计[D].长春:长春理工大学,2004
4.Boyce D,Kirson A,Schofer J.Design and implementation of ADVANCE[A].Proc[J].Third International Conference on Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems,2003:415-426
5.Sodeikat H.Co-operative transport management with EURO-SCOUT.Advanced Technology for Road Transport:IVHS and ATT[M].Ian Catling,ed.Artech House,MA,2004,235-238
6.Ilgaz R.LoCoMoTiV Final Report,Mobilit tund Transport imintermodalen Verkehr Project(MTV-LoCoMoTiV)[M].BMW AG Munich,Germany,2000,145-151
7.Srinivas Peeta,Kamalakar Poonuru,Kumares Sinha.Evaluation Mobility Impacts of Advanced Information Systems[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,May/June,2004:212-220
8.David M eignan,O livier Simonin,A bderrafiaa Kou2kam.Simulation and evaluat ion of urban busnet works using a multiagent approach[J].Simulation Modeling Pract ice Theory,2007,15(6):659-671
9.Guo Wei,Yao Danya.Study on the method for regional traffic flow feature extraction and traffic status evaluation[J].Journal of High way and Transportation Research and Development,2005,22(7):101-104
10.曹治锦.基于视频的车辆检测和车型识别[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
11.孙立光.基于车灯追踪的夜间交通信息采集方法[J].ITS通讯,2006,8(2):19-23
12.黄征,宋焕生,王国强.基于线阵CCD摄像机的交通信息采集和检测系统[J].电视技术,2007,31(12):87-89
13.王浩,李元元,琚旭.基于支持向量机的视频交通信息采集研究[J].工程图学学报,2007,4:96-101
14.南宁超创信息工程有限公司网站:http://www.chaochuang.com.cn/
15.北京汉王科技股份有限公司网站:http://www.hanvon.com.cn/
16.薛明,吕卫锋,诸彤宇.浮动车信息处理系统关键技术的研究[J].微计算机信息,2006.31:244-246
17.秦玲,张剑飞,郭鹏,齐彤岩.浮动车交通信息采集与处理关键技术及其应用研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2007,01:39-42
18.杨兆升,冯金巧,张林.基于卡尔曼滤波的交通信息融合方法[J].吉林大学学报,2007.5:1039-1042
19.张晓云,金先龙,等.多信息融合的交通事故数值再现方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2007,9:1397-1401
20.邹亮,徐建闽,朱玲湘.基于融合技术的道路交通状态判别模型[J].清华大学学报,2007.S2:23-27
21.Wang Yibing,Realtime freeway traffic state estimation based on extended Kalman filter:A general approach[J].Transportation Research Part B,2005,39(2):141-167
22.郭磷,方廷健,叶加圣,孙丙宇.基于最小二乘支持向量机和证据理论的交通数据融合[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2007,12:1500-1504
23.裴玉龙,蒋贤才.城市道路交通系统多信息平台的数据技术分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,5:729-731
24.任英伟,陆键,王海燕,项乔君.交通量观测数据处理的模糊融合算法[J].公路交通科技,2006,3:85-89
25.刘智平,王晓原.基于遗传算法的交通信息模糊融合方法[J].现代商贸工业,2007,19(11):59-61
26.刘智平,单刚,王凤群,徐纪锋.基于支持向量机的交通信息融合算法研究[J].中国高新技术企业,2007,10:99-100
27.张健雄,张进,戴志超.基于压力传感器阵列的车型分类系统[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(7):125-129
28.顾国华 陈钱张保民.一种基于红外检测的车型自动分类电子收费系统[J].交通与计算机,2002,6:33-35
29.朱海涛.一种基于感应线圈的车型识别系统[D].成都:西南交通大学,2003.
30.LIN Ling,HAN Xiao-bin,DING Ru.Mini Inductive Loop Vehicle Detection Sensor[J].CHINESE JOURNAL OF SENSORS AND ACTUATOR,2006,4:994-1000
31.Sun Guodong,Jiang Yonglin,Liang Qi.The design and realization of intellectual loop-coil detector in traffic[J].Microcomputer Information,2003,9:7-11
32.曹治锦.基于视频的车辆检测和车型识别[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
33.LI Yuan-zhong.The RFID Technology and its Application in Transportation Field[J].Telcom Technology,2002,5:5-9
34.马伏花.基于RFID的车辆自动识别系统信息采集基站的研究与设计[D].长沙:湖南大学,2007
35.国防科技部编审委员会.超声检测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005,56-60
36.施湧潮,梁福平,牛春晖编著.传感器检测技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006,70-83
37.蒋危平等编著.超声检测学[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1991,77-87
38.郭伟.超声检测时声束扩散的影响[J].金属加工,2008,10:74-75
39.Yao Zhanyu.Acoustic scattering attenuation in the turbulent atmosphere[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,1994,1:82-89
40.周继明,江世明等.传感技术与应用[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005,145-146
41.汽车咨询专家网站:http://www.pety8.com
42.中国机械工程学会无损伤检测学会编.超声波检测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005,27-40
43.Lafontaine Guy.Potential of ultrasonic phased arrays for faster,better and cheaper enspection[J].The e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing,2000:67-71
44.童诗白,华成英主编.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000,34-40
45.吕文红,郭银景,唐富华等.电磁兼容原理及应用教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008,7-8
46.张迎新等编著.单片微型计算机原理、应用及接口技术(第二版)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007,130-131
47.于红光.Visual Basic程序设计教程[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2006,1-3
48.马明建.数据采集与处理技术(第二版)[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005,199-201
49.樊铭渠.计算方法[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006,2-3
50.刘瑞芳,梅孝安.最小二乘法数据处理[J].电脑知识与技术,2007,5:1345-1346
51.杨兆升.基础交通信息融合技术研究.[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005,166-167
2.王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000,65-66
3.李慧.车辆检测识别系统的设计[D].长春:长春理工大学,2004
4.Boyce D,Kirson A,Schofer J.Design and implementation of ADVANCE[A].Proc[J].Third International Conference on Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems,2003:415-426
5.Sodeikat H.Co-operative transport management with EURO-SCOUT.Advanced Technology for Road Transport:IVHS and ATT[M].Ian Catling,ed.Artech House,MA,2004,235-238
6.Ilgaz R.LoCoMoTiV Final Report,Mobilit tund Transport imintermodalen Verkehr Project(MTV-LoCoMoTiV)[M].BMW AG Munich,Germany,2000,145-151
7.Srinivas Peeta,Kamalakar Poonuru,Kumares Sinha.Evaluation Mobility Impacts of Advanced Information Systems[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,May/June,2004:212-220
8.David M eignan,O livier Simonin,A bderrafiaa Kou2kam.Simulation and evaluat ion of urban busnet works using a multiagent approach[J].Simulation Modeling Pract ice Theory,2007,15(6):659-671
9.Guo Wei,Yao Danya.Study on the method for regional traffic flow feature extraction and traffic status evaluation[J].Journal of High way and Transportation Research and Development,2005,22(7):101-104
10.曹治锦.基于视频的车辆检测和车型识别[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
11.孙立光.基于车灯追踪的夜间交通信息采集方法[J].ITS通讯,2006,8(2):19-23
12.黄征,宋焕生,王国强.基于线阵CCD摄像机的交通信息采集和检测系统[J].电视技术,2007,31(12):87-89
13.王浩,李元元,琚旭.基于支持向量机的视频交通信息采集研究[J].工程图学学报,2007,4:96-101
14.南宁超创信息工程有限公司网站:http://www.chaochuang.com.cn/
15.北京汉王科技股份有限公司网站:http://www.hanvon.com.cn/
16.薛明,吕卫锋,诸彤宇.浮动车信息处理系统关键技术的研究[J].微计算机信息,2006.31:244-246
17.秦玲,张剑飞,郭鹏,齐彤岩.浮动车交通信息采集与处理关键技术及其应用研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2007,01:39-42
18.杨兆升,冯金巧,张林.基于卡尔曼滤波的交通信息融合方法[J].吉林大学学报,2007.5:1039-1042
19.张晓云,金先龙,等.多信息融合的交通事故数值再现方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2007,9:1397-1401
20.邹亮,徐建闽,朱玲湘.基于融合技术的道路交通状态判别模型[J].清华大学学报,2007.S2:23-27
21.Wang Yibing,Realtime freeway traffic state estimation based on extended Kalman filter:A general approach[J].Transportation Research Part B,2005,39(2):141-167
22.郭磷,方廷健,叶加圣,孙丙宇.基于最小二乘支持向量机和证据理论的交通数据融合[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2007,12:1500-1504
23.裴玉龙,蒋贤才.城市道路交通系统多信息平台的数据技术分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,5:729-731
24.任英伟,陆键,王海燕,项乔君.交通量观测数据处理的模糊融合算法[J].公路交通科技,2006,3:85-89
25.刘智平,王晓原.基于遗传算法的交通信息模糊融合方法[J].现代商贸工业,2007,19(11):59-61
26.刘智平,单刚,王凤群,徐纪锋.基于支持向量机的交通信息融合算法研究[J].中国高新技术企业,2007,10:99-100
27.张健雄,张进,戴志超.基于压力传感器阵列的车型分类系统[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(7):125-129
28.顾国华 陈钱张保民.一种基于红外检测的车型自动分类电子收费系统[J].交通与计算机,2002,6:33-35
29.朱海涛.一种基于感应线圈的车型识别系统[D].成都:西南交通大学,2003.
30.LIN Ling,HAN Xiao-bin,DING Ru.Mini Inductive Loop Vehicle Detection Sensor[J].CHINESE JOURNAL OF SENSORS AND ACTUATOR,2006,4:994-1000
31.Sun Guodong,Jiang Yonglin,Liang Qi.The design and realization of intellectual loop-coil detector in traffic[J].Microcomputer Information,2003,9:7-11
32.曹治锦.基于视频的车辆检测和车型识别[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
33.LI Yuan-zhong.The RFID Technology and its Application in Transportation Field[J].Telcom Technology,2002,5:5-9
34.马伏花.基于RFID的车辆自动识别系统信息采集基站的研究与设计[D].长沙:湖南大学,2007
35.国防科技部编审委员会.超声检测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005,56-60
36.施湧潮,梁福平,牛春晖编著.传感器检测技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006,70-83
37.蒋危平等编著.超声检测学[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1991,77-87
38.郭伟.超声检测时声束扩散的影响[J].金属加工,2008,10:74-75
39.Yao Zhanyu.Acoustic scattering attenuation in the turbulent atmosphere[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,1994,1:82-89
40.周继明,江世明等.传感技术与应用[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005,145-146
41.汽车咨询专家网站:http://www.pety8.com
42.中国机械工程学会无损伤检测学会编.超声波检测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005,27-40
43.Lafontaine Guy.Potential of ultrasonic phased arrays for faster,better and cheaper enspection[J].The e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing,2000:67-71
44.童诗白,华成英主编.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000,34-40
45.吕文红,郭银景,唐富华等.电磁兼容原理及应用教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008,7-8
46.张迎新等编著.单片微型计算机原理、应用及接口技术(第二版)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007,130-131
47.于红光.Visual Basic程序设计教程[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2006,1-3
48.马明建.数据采集与处理技术(第二版)[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005,199-201
49.樊铭渠.计算方法[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006,2-3
50.刘瑞芳,梅孝安.最小二乘法数据处理[J].电脑知识与技术,2007,5:1345-1346
51.杨兆升.基础交通信息融合技术研究.[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005,166-167
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