不同水质及膜材质平板膜—生物反应器运行特性研究
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摘要
膜-生物反应器是将膜分离与生物技术结合起来的一种新型污水处理和回用技术，近年来在基础研究和实际工程应用领域都得到广泛的关注。
为了促进平板膜-生物反应器在城市废水处理上的工程化应用，在课题组前期研究成果的基础上，受课题组研究工作的安排，针对不同膜孔径和不同无纺布开展了高通量平板膜材质的研究及高通量平板膜-生物反应器处理生活污水的研究，针对不同处理对象进行了平板膜-生物反应器处理微污染水源水及高浓度酒糟废水的实验研究，主要研究内容及实验结果如下：
1)进行了高通量平板膜材质的中试研究。实验结果表明：不同膜孔径和不同无纺布的平板膜按高通量30L／m~2·h运行时其膜过滤性能有很大的差异，6~#膜(国产无纺布)、仿6~#(1)膜、2~#最新膜(进口无纺布)其运行特性好，适宜于MBR工程用膜的推广。国产MF膜由于在成膜过程中孔尺寸的控制精度还不能很好掌握，可能会导致相同无纺布的膜其过滤性能有很大的差别。在此基础上考察了高通量平板膜-生物反应器处理生活污水的中试研究，实验结果表明：系统对COD_(Cr)、NH_4~+-N有很好的去除效果，出水COD_(Cr)在50mg/L以下，COD_(Cr)去除率在85％～99％之间。由于系统的污泥浓度高，在控制适宜的DO下，系统实现了同步硝化反硝化效应，对总N有一定程度的去除效果，去除率在20％～70％之间，平均去除率为38.7％。
2)进行了平板膜-生物反应器净化微污染水源水的研究。实验结果表明：水力停留时间(HRT)为1.5h，系统对水体中的污染物COD_(Cr)、COD_(Mn)、TOC及NH_4~+-N有很好的去除效果。出水COD_(Cr)低于15mg／L，平均去除率为78.7％；出水NH_4~+-N低于0.5mg/L，平均去除率为90.2％；UV_(254)的去除率较低，平均去除率为34.6％。
3)考察了平板膜-生物反应器净化微污染水源水系统污泥混合液中胞外聚合物(EPS)浓度与膜污染的关系。结果表明：EPS浓度与膜污染没有线性关系，运行通量的选择是本研究三个工况膜污染程度相异的一个主要原因。
4)考察了投加粉末活性炭对平板膜．生物反应器处理微污染水源水去除效果的影响。结果表明：由于活性炭的强吸附能力，活性炭的投加使得系统对水体中COD_(Mn)、TOC及UV_(254)的去除率有很大的提高，去除率分别提高了10.3％、6.8％及26.2％，而对COD_(Cr)和NH_4~+-N的去除效果影响不大。
5)进行了好氧平板膜-生物反应器处理高浓度酒糟废水的初步研究。实验结果表明：系统对不同COD_(Cr)浓度进水的高浓度酒糟废水有很好的去除效果。在HRT为24.4h，进水COD_(Cr)分别为4000mg／L、2000mg/L、1000mg/L的情况下，出水COD_(Cr)分别介于30mg／L～180mg／L之间；介于10mg／L～100mg/L之间；介于40mg/L～100mg/L之间。平均出水分别为70.9mg／L、43.5mg/L、57.1mg/L。平均去除率分别为98.2％、98％、94.1％。在HRT为12.2h，进水COD_(Cr)，分别为2000mg/L、1000mg/L的情况下，出水COD_(Cr)分别介于30mg／L～250mg/L之间；介于5mg／L～80mg/L之间。平均出水分别为117mg／L、35mg/L。平均去除率分别为96.8％、94.2％。
6)好氧平板膜-生物反应器处理高浓度酒糟废水其污泥混合液性质与一般的好氧MBR处理生活污水的混合液性质有很大的差异，膜面污染物质的性质也不同。处理高浓度酒糟废水时，混合液中和膜面上的糖类含量相比处理生活污水时要高。粘度是本研究好氧平板膜-生物反应器处理高浓度酒糟废水系统膜污染的一大主要影响因素。
The membrane bioreactor (MBR) has received great attention in Wastewater treatment and reclamation for years, which combines membrane separation with biological technology.
In order to speed the Wastewater treatment project application of flat-sheet membrane bioreactor, regard to different membrane aperture and non-woven fabrics, high flux flat-sheet membrane material with pilot-scale experiment is investigated in this study. Furthermore, micro-polluted source water purification and high strength lees Wastewater treatment by aerobic flat-sheet membrane bioreactor are also studied. The main studying content and result are shown as follows:
1) high flux flat-sheet membrane material with pilot scale experiment was investigated. Test results indicated that the membrane filtration performance was greatly different for different membrane aperture and non-woven fabrics. No.6, No.2 membrane and simulated No.6 membrane with excellent operation characteristics are suitable to develop in the MBR project. It may lead to great difference of membrane filtration performance with same non-woven fabrics due to be incapable of grasping the precision well in the forming of membrane aperture. Based in above studied, domestic Wastewater treatment by flat-sheet membrane bioreactor with pilot scale was studied. Test results indicated that MBR owned excellent remove effect of pollutant. Effluent COD_(Cr) was lower than 50mg/L and COD_(Cr) removal rate was fluctuated between 85% and 99%. Due to the high sludge concentration, flat-sheet MBR system achieved the Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification with low dissoluble oxygen, and MBR owned a certain extent removal effects of total nitrogen. Total nitrogen removal rate was fluctuated between 20% and 70%, and the mean total nitrogen removal rate was 38.7%.
2) Micro-polluted source water treatment by flat-sheet membrane bioreactor was studied. Test results indicated that MBR owned excellent removal effect of COD_(Cr), COD_(Mn), TOC and NH_4~+ -N with HRT 1.5h. Effluent COD_(Cr) was lower than 15mg/L and the mean COD_(Cr) removal rate was 78.7%. Effluent NH_4~+-N was lower than 0.5mg/L and the mean NH_4~+-N removal rate was 90.2%. The mean UV_(254) removal rate was 34.6%.
3) The relation between EPS concentration and membrane fouling was investigation in this study. Test results showed that there was no notable correlation between EPS concentration of mixed liquor and membrane fouling. The selection of operational flux had significant effects on membrane fouling and operation of flat membrane bioreactor.
4) With the addition of PAC, the effect on the removal effect of flat-sheet membrane bioreactor was studied. Test results shown that due to the strong adsorption capability, the removal rate of COD_(Mn), TOC and UV_(254) treatment by flat-sheet MBR had a great improvement, which improved 10.3%, 6.8% and 26.2%. However, it had no notable effect on the removal rate of COD_(Cr), NH_4~+-N.
5) High strength lees wastewater treatment by aerobic flat-sheet membrane bioreactor was primarily studied. Test results shown that MBR owned excellent removal effect treatment different COD_(Cr) concentration of high strength lees wastewater. In the condition of HRT 24.4 and influent COD_(Cr) respectively was 4000mg/L, 2000mg/L and 1000mg/L, Effluent COD_(Cr) respectively was fluctuated between 30mg/L and 180mg/L, between 10mg/L and 100mg/L, between 40mg/L and 100mg/L, and the mean effluent COD_(Cr) were 70.9mg/L, 43.5mg/L and 57.1mg/L, respectively. The mean COD_(Cr) removal rate were 98.2%, 98% and 94.1%, respectively. In the condition of HRT 12.2 and influent COD_(Cr) respectively was 2000mg/L and 1000mg/L, Effluent COD_(Cr) respectively was fluctuated between 30mg/L and 250mg/L, between 5mg/L and 80mg/L, and the mean effluent COD_(Cr) were 117mg/L and 35mg/L, respectively. The mean COD_(Cr) removal rate were 96.8% and 94.2%, respectively.
6) There was a great difference between mixed liquor characteristics of high strength lees organic wastewater treatment by aerobic flat-sheet membrane bioreactor and mixed liquor characteristics of domestic wastewater treatment by MBR. And the characteristics of pollutants on membrane also had great difference. Viscosity was the main effect factor on the membrane fouling in the MBR system treatment high strength lees organic wastewater.
为了促进平板膜-生物反应器在城市废水处理上的工程化应用，在课题组前期研究成果的基础上，受课题组研究工作的安排，针对不同膜孔径和不同无纺布开展了高通量平板膜材质的研究及高通量平板膜-生物反应器处理生活污水的研究，针对不同处理对象进行了平板膜-生物反应器处理微污染水源水及高浓度酒糟废水的实验研究，主要研究内容及实验结果如下：
1)进行了高通量平板膜材质的中试研究。实验结果表明：不同膜孔径和不同无纺布的平板膜按高通量30L／m~2·h运行时其膜过滤性能有很大的差异，6~#膜(国产无纺布)、仿6~#(1)膜、2~#最新膜(进口无纺布)其运行特性好，适宜于MBR工程用膜的推广。国产MF膜由于在成膜过程中孔尺寸的控制精度还不能很好掌握，可能会导致相同无纺布的膜其过滤性能有很大的差别。在此基础上考察了高通量平板膜-生物反应器处理生活污水的中试研究，实验结果表明：系统对COD_(Cr)、NH_4~+-N有很好的去除效果，出水COD_(Cr)在50mg/L以下，COD_(Cr)去除率在85％～99％之间。由于系统的污泥浓度高，在控制适宜的DO下，系统实现了同步硝化反硝化效应，对总N有一定程度的去除效果，去除率在20％～70％之间，平均去除率为38.7％。
2)进行了平板膜-生物反应器净化微污染水源水的研究。实验结果表明：水力停留时间(HRT)为1.5h，系统对水体中的污染物COD_(Cr)、COD_(Mn)、TOC及NH_4~+-N有很好的去除效果。出水COD_(Cr)低于15mg／L，平均去除率为78.7％；出水NH_4~+-N低于0.5mg/L，平均去除率为90.2％；UV_(254)的去除率较低，平均去除率为34.6％。
3)考察了平板膜-生物反应器净化微污染水源水系统污泥混合液中胞外聚合物(EPS)浓度与膜污染的关系。结果表明：EPS浓度与膜污染没有线性关系，运行通量的选择是本研究三个工况膜污染程度相异的一个主要原因。
4)考察了投加粉末活性炭对平板膜．生物反应器处理微污染水源水去除效果的影响。结果表明：由于活性炭的强吸附能力，活性炭的投加使得系统对水体中COD_(Mn)、TOC及UV_(254)的去除率有很大的提高，去除率分别提高了10.3％、6.8％及26.2％，而对COD_(Cr)和NH_4~+-N的去除效果影响不大。
5)进行了好氧平板膜-生物反应器处理高浓度酒糟废水的初步研究。实验结果表明：系统对不同COD_(Cr)浓度进水的高浓度酒糟废水有很好的去除效果。在HRT为24.4h，进水COD_(Cr)分别为4000mg／L、2000mg/L、1000mg/L的情况下，出水COD_(Cr)分别介于30mg／L～180mg／L之间；介于10mg／L～100mg/L之间；介于40mg/L～100mg/L之间。平均出水分别为70.9mg／L、43.5mg/L、57.1mg/L。平均去除率分别为98.2％、98％、94.1％。在HRT为12.2h，进水COD_(Cr)，分别为2000mg/L、1000mg/L的情况下，出水COD_(Cr)分别介于30mg／L～250mg/L之间；介于5mg／L～80mg/L之间。平均出水分别为117mg／L、35mg/L。平均去除率分别为96.8％、94.2％。
6)好氧平板膜-生物反应器处理高浓度酒糟废水其污泥混合液性质与一般的好氧MBR处理生活污水的混合液性质有很大的差异，膜面污染物质的性质也不同。处理高浓度酒糟废水时，混合液中和膜面上的糖类含量相比处理生活污水时要高。粘度是本研究好氧平板膜-生物反应器处理高浓度酒糟废水系统膜污染的一大主要影响因素。
The membrane bioreactor (MBR) has received great attention in Wastewater treatment and reclamation for years, which combines membrane separation with biological technology.
In order to speed the Wastewater treatment project application of flat-sheet membrane bioreactor, regard to different membrane aperture and non-woven fabrics, high flux flat-sheet membrane material with pilot-scale experiment is investigated in this study. Furthermore, micro-polluted source water purification and high strength lees Wastewater treatment by aerobic flat-sheet membrane bioreactor are also studied. The main studying content and result are shown as follows:
1) high flux flat-sheet membrane material with pilot scale experiment was investigated. Test results indicated that the membrane filtration performance was greatly different for different membrane aperture and non-woven fabrics. No.6, No.2 membrane and simulated No.6 membrane with excellent operation characteristics are suitable to develop in the MBR project. It may lead to great difference of membrane filtration performance with same non-woven fabrics due to be incapable of grasping the precision well in the forming of membrane aperture. Based in above studied, domestic Wastewater treatment by flat-sheet membrane bioreactor with pilot scale was studied. Test results indicated that MBR owned excellent remove effect of pollutant. Effluent COD_(Cr) was lower than 50mg/L and COD_(Cr) removal rate was fluctuated between 85% and 99%. Due to the high sludge concentration, flat-sheet MBR system achieved the Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification with low dissoluble oxygen, and MBR owned a certain extent removal effects of total nitrogen. Total nitrogen removal rate was fluctuated between 20% and 70%, and the mean total nitrogen removal rate was 38.7%.
2) Micro-polluted source water treatment by flat-sheet membrane bioreactor was studied. Test results indicated that MBR owned excellent removal effect of COD_(Cr), COD_(Mn), TOC and NH_4~+ -N with HRT 1.5h. Effluent COD_(Cr) was lower than 15mg/L and the mean COD_(Cr) removal rate was 78.7%. Effluent NH_4~+-N was lower than 0.5mg/L and the mean NH_4~+-N removal rate was 90.2%. The mean UV_(254) removal rate was 34.6%.
3) The relation between EPS concentration and membrane fouling was investigation in this study. Test results showed that there was no notable correlation between EPS concentration of mixed liquor and membrane fouling. The selection of operational flux had significant effects on membrane fouling and operation of flat membrane bioreactor.
4) With the addition of PAC, the effect on the removal effect of flat-sheet membrane bioreactor was studied. Test results shown that due to the strong adsorption capability, the removal rate of COD_(Mn), TOC and UV_(254) treatment by flat-sheet MBR had a great improvement, which improved 10.3%, 6.8% and 26.2%. However, it had no notable effect on the removal rate of COD_(Cr), NH_4~+-N.
5) High strength lees wastewater treatment by aerobic flat-sheet membrane bioreactor was primarily studied. Test results shown that MBR owned excellent removal effect treatment different COD_(Cr) concentration of high strength lees wastewater. In the condition of HRT 24.4 and influent COD_(Cr) respectively was 4000mg/L, 2000mg/L and 1000mg/L, Effluent COD_(Cr) respectively was fluctuated between 30mg/L and 180mg/L, between 10mg/L and 100mg/L, between 40mg/L and 100mg/L, and the mean effluent COD_(Cr) were 70.9mg/L, 43.5mg/L and 57.1mg/L, respectively. The mean COD_(Cr) removal rate were 98.2%, 98% and 94.1%, respectively. In the condition of HRT 12.2 and influent COD_(Cr) respectively was 2000mg/L and 1000mg/L, Effluent COD_(Cr) respectively was fluctuated between 30mg/L and 250mg/L, between 5mg/L and 80mg/L, and the mean effluent COD_(Cr) were 117mg/L and 35mg/L, respectively. The mean COD_(Cr) removal rate were 96.8% and 94.2%, respectively.
6) There was a great difference between mixed liquor characteristics of high strength lees organic wastewater treatment by aerobic flat-sheet membrane bioreactor and mixed liquor characteristics of domestic wastewater treatment by MBR. And the characteristics of pollutants on membrane also had great difference. Viscosity was the main effect factor on the membrane fouling in the MBR system treatment high strength lees organic wastewater.
引文
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