下蜀土边坡锚杆加固机理及设计优化研究
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摘要
滑坡作为一种常见的地质灾害,对人类的生命财产带来了重大威胁。镇江地区是江苏省内滑坡发生较频繁的地区,特别是由于降雨引起的滑坡更是占总滑坡发生数量的大部分。这与宁镇地区广泛分布着的大量下蜀土有密切关系,下蜀土具有独特的工程地质特性即干湿状态下的工程性质差异较大,降雨对下蜀土边坡稳定性的影响极其显著。本论文结合镇江地区的实际工程,对下蜀土边坡锚杆的加固机理及优化设计方法,开展了一系列研究:
(1)对镇江地区下蜀土的工程地质特征及滑坡特征进行分析研究。选择下蜀土地层作为研究对象,研究了下蜀土地层中锚杆的锚固机理。结合两种典型的锚杆荷载传递机理,推导了两个锚固力的计算公式,用于指导工程实践。
(2)通过对全长粘结型锚杆的理论分析研究,得出了锚杆的轴应力和剪应力分布特征。明确载荷不大时,在孔口周围锚杆所受的剪应力较小,但孔口以下,剪应力急剧增大并达到最大值,随着远离锚杆加载端,剪应力逐渐减小,达到加载远端时减小至零。锚固力的大小与锚固长度有关,但不成比例关系,锚固长度达一定值时,再增加锚固长度,锚固力的增大极其有限。
(3)采用数值仿真试验的方法,对下蜀土层中全长粘结型锚杆的单锚加固机理进行了研究,得出了轴力、剪应力以及被加固体的轴向应力分布图,并分析了参数变化对加固特性的影响。
(4)引用统计学中正交设计原理对镇江狮子山某下蜀土边坡锚固参数进行了优化设计,优化结果表明以边坡安全系数为评价指标,主要锚固参数对锚固效果的影响显著性依次为:锚杆长度>锚固角>锚固间距,得出的最优参数方案为锚杆长度8.0m、锚固角20°、锚杆间距3.5m,并验证了所选参数的合理性。
(5)采用FLAC3D有限差分软件,分别分析了西津古渡一侧下蜀土边坡自然状态、加固及雨水作用下的稳定性。边坡处于自然状态时稳定性远好于有雨水存在。加固后自然状态下边坡安全系数由1.13提高至1.69,雨水作用下安全系数由0.90提高至1.39,说明锚杆对边坡加固发挥了极大作用,加固效果良好,且验证了前面章节中锚杆的加固机理。同时也说明雨水对边坡稳定性影响显著。
(6)初步模拟了有裂隙和膨胀力存在的下蜀土边坡稳定性,得出了裂隙存在时膨胀力大小与边坡安全系数的关系,当膨胀力大于10kPa时,边坡安全系数急剧下降。
Landslide is a common geological disaster which brought a major threat on human lives and property. It is happened frequently in Zhenjiang region of Jiangsu province, especially caused by rainfall occupy most part of the total landslides. It connects to Xiashu Loess which widely distribute in Zhenjiang region, Xiashu Loess has special engineering geology characteristic.It is difference in dry and wet condition. Rainfall is on great impact of the stability of Xiashu Loess slope. Actual the engineering in Zhenjiang, this paper carried out a series of studies for the reinforced mechanism of Xiashu Loess slope and the optimize design of anchor.
(1) Analyzed Zhenjiang Xiashu Loess's geological characteristics and landslide features. Xiashu loess strata were selected as researching target. Known the mechanism of anchorage bar in loess strata.Then two formulae were derived from two special mechanism of the anchorage bar transferring load that could calculate the anchor force. The formulae were used to direct the engineering practice.
(2) When under a small load,shear stress of anchor rod is relatively small in the surrounding region of porthole,but below the porthole,the shear stress suddenly increases and reach maximum,with the departing from loading end,the shear stress gradually decreases and reaches zero at the loading far-end. Anchoring force is related to but not proportional to anchorage length,when the anchorage length reaches a fixed value, the increase of anchoring force is extremely 1imted with the increase of anchorage length.
(3) By the method of numerical simulation test, study was made on the reinforcement mechanics of full-length-bonding single cable in Xiashu loess strata, and the curve figures of axial force,shear stress and axial stress distribution in reinforced body were obtained, and the affect of the parameter changes on the reinforcing traits were analyzed.
(4) Anchoring parameters of slope of Lion hill in Zhenjiang are best selected using orthogonal design principle. The results show that the effects of anchoring parameters are different and remarkable according to horizontal deformation of slope. The order of the difference is, the effect of anchoring bolt length> anchoring bolt angle>the interval of anchoring bolt. The optimum parameters are obtained. They are, its length is 8 meters,its angle is 20°and its interval is 3.5meters. And verified the selected parameters are rationality.
(5) Using the strength reduction of FLAC3D, analyzed the stability of Xiashu loess slope of Xijingudu under natural state, reforcement state and rainwater exists. Slope stability in a natural state is much better than when there has rain. In natural state, when reinforced the slope safety factor raised from 1.13 to 1.69, under rain the reinforced slope safety factor raised from 0.90 to 1.39. Which shows the anchor on the slope played a significant role in reinforce, and strengthening effective, but also verify the anchor reinforcement mechanism in front of the section. It also shows that the rain affected the stability of the slope significantly.
(6) Preliminary simulated the Xiashu loess slope stability with cracks and swelling, obtained the relationship between swelling force and slope safety factor when cracks existed. When the swelling force is greater than 10kPa, the slope safety factor is rapidly reduced.
(1)对镇江地区下蜀土的工程地质特征及滑坡特征进行分析研究。选择下蜀土地层作为研究对象,研究了下蜀土地层中锚杆的锚固机理。结合两种典型的锚杆荷载传递机理,推导了两个锚固力的计算公式,用于指导工程实践。
(2)通过对全长粘结型锚杆的理论分析研究,得出了锚杆的轴应力和剪应力分布特征。明确载荷不大时,在孔口周围锚杆所受的剪应力较小,但孔口以下,剪应力急剧增大并达到最大值,随着远离锚杆加载端,剪应力逐渐减小,达到加载远端时减小至零。锚固力的大小与锚固长度有关,但不成比例关系,锚固长度达一定值时,再增加锚固长度,锚固力的增大极其有限。
(3)采用数值仿真试验的方法,对下蜀土层中全长粘结型锚杆的单锚加固机理进行了研究,得出了轴力、剪应力以及被加固体的轴向应力分布图,并分析了参数变化对加固特性的影响。
(4)引用统计学中正交设计原理对镇江狮子山某下蜀土边坡锚固参数进行了优化设计,优化结果表明以边坡安全系数为评价指标,主要锚固参数对锚固效果的影响显著性依次为:锚杆长度>锚固角>锚固间距,得出的最优参数方案为锚杆长度8.0m、锚固角20°、锚杆间距3.5m,并验证了所选参数的合理性。
(5)采用FLAC3D有限差分软件,分别分析了西津古渡一侧下蜀土边坡自然状态、加固及雨水作用下的稳定性。边坡处于自然状态时稳定性远好于有雨水存在。加固后自然状态下边坡安全系数由1.13提高至1.69,雨水作用下安全系数由0.90提高至1.39,说明锚杆对边坡加固发挥了极大作用,加固效果良好,且验证了前面章节中锚杆的加固机理。同时也说明雨水对边坡稳定性影响显著。
(6)初步模拟了有裂隙和膨胀力存在的下蜀土边坡稳定性,得出了裂隙存在时膨胀力大小与边坡安全系数的关系,当膨胀力大于10kPa时,边坡安全系数急剧下降。
Landslide is a common geological disaster which brought a major threat on human lives and property. It is happened frequently in Zhenjiang region of Jiangsu province, especially caused by rainfall occupy most part of the total landslides. It connects to Xiashu Loess which widely distribute in Zhenjiang region, Xiashu Loess has special engineering geology characteristic.It is difference in dry and wet condition. Rainfall is on great impact of the stability of Xiashu Loess slope. Actual the engineering in Zhenjiang, this paper carried out a series of studies for the reinforced mechanism of Xiashu Loess slope and the optimize design of anchor.
(1) Analyzed Zhenjiang Xiashu Loess's geological characteristics and landslide features. Xiashu loess strata were selected as researching target. Known the mechanism of anchorage bar in loess strata.Then two formulae were derived from two special mechanism of the anchorage bar transferring load that could calculate the anchor force. The formulae were used to direct the engineering practice.
(2) When under a small load,shear stress of anchor rod is relatively small in the surrounding region of porthole,but below the porthole,the shear stress suddenly increases and reach maximum,with the departing from loading end,the shear stress gradually decreases and reaches zero at the loading far-end. Anchoring force is related to but not proportional to anchorage length,when the anchorage length reaches a fixed value, the increase of anchoring force is extremely 1imted with the increase of anchorage length.
(3) By the method of numerical simulation test, study was made on the reinforcement mechanics of full-length-bonding single cable in Xiashu loess strata, and the curve figures of axial force,shear stress and axial stress distribution in reinforced body were obtained, and the affect of the parameter changes on the reinforcing traits were analyzed.
(4) Anchoring parameters of slope of Lion hill in Zhenjiang are best selected using orthogonal design principle. The results show that the effects of anchoring parameters are different and remarkable according to horizontal deformation of slope. The order of the difference is, the effect of anchoring bolt length> anchoring bolt angle>the interval of anchoring bolt. The optimum parameters are obtained. They are, its length is 8 meters,its angle is 20°and its interval is 3.5meters. And verified the selected parameters are rationality.
(5) Using the strength reduction of FLAC3D, analyzed the stability of Xiashu loess slope of Xijingudu under natural state, reforcement state and rainwater exists. Slope stability in a natural state is much better than when there has rain. In natural state, when reinforced the slope safety factor raised from 1.13 to 1.69, under rain the reinforced slope safety factor raised from 0.90 to 1.39. Which shows the anchor on the slope played a significant role in reinforce, and strengthening effective, but also verify the anchor reinforcement mechanism in front of the section. It also shows that the rain affected the stability of the slope significantly.
(6) Preliminary simulated the Xiashu loess slope stability with cracks and swelling, obtained the relationship between swelling force and slope safety factor when cracks existed. When the swelling force is greater than 10kPa, the slope safety factor is rapidly reduced.
引文
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