路基边坡受多种灾害毁损及治理跟踪
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摘要
由于工程的需要,公路修筑时往往会在一定程度上破坏或扰动原来较为稳定的岩体或土体结构而形成新的人工边坡。岩土体作为一种结构体,一方面有着自身材料与结构的强度和相应的自稳能力,另一方面又因受自然环境或人类活动等因素的影响,其强度和自稳能力会大幅度下降。路基边坡一旦损毁,便会交通运输产生不利影响,甚至会对人类的生命财产构成严重威胁。因此,对路基边坡损毁机理的研究尤为重要,也极具实际意义。
公路处在大自然中,影响路基边坡稳定性的因素众多,且有很大不确定性。本文在灾变链式理论的基础上,对路基边坡灾害发生发育的延续性和阶段性进行研究。划分路基边坡灾害演化的阶段,给出灾害演变阶段区划的临界判据。首先使用《公路路基设计规范(JTG D30-2004)》推荐的计算路基边坡稳定性系数的方法计算路基边坡的稳定系数,进一步根据稳定系数值来区划灾害演变阶段。并通过工程实例说明了判据的实用性和可靠性。另外,对于有变形监测资料的路基边坡,提出用位移响应比区划路基边坡灾变演化阶段。并通过对猴子石滑坡监测资料的分析,使得位移响应比这一判据得以应用,并与灾变实际情况取得很好的一致性。
论文对路基边坡安全设防水平多种影响因素进行分析,给出确定路基边坡安全设防水平的方法。进一步,通过对路基边坡结构安全承载能力的跟踪,得到路基边坡结构稳定可靠性验证的方法。
最后,结合库区地质灾害调研资料,对滑坡地段公路路基损毁破坏机理进行了剖析,确定了灾害所处阶段,并提出防治治理方案,为灾害防治提供了参考依据。
Owing to the require of engineering,the stable rock mass or soil mass is destroyed in a certain degree to form the new artificial slope when constructing highway. The rock and soil body as a structure have the own intensity and stability of material and structure. However,the intensity and the stability will be descended largely for influence from the environment and human activities. Once the roadbed slope damaged,it Would affect the transport adversely, even human life and property would face to a serious threat. That is why study to damage mechanism of roadbed slope is particularly important and Meaningful extremely.
Many great uncertainty factors impact on stability of roadbed slope for highway is in the nature. On the basis of the chain-styled theory of the disaster, the continuity and Stage in development of the roadbed slope disaster have been studied. The disaster evolution stage of roadbed slope has been divided and stage division criteria of disaster have been given. First, the stability coefficient has been calculated use method which the "Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades (JTG D30-2004)" Recommended. Further the stages of disaster are divided according to the stability coefficient. And the practicality and reliability of the criterion were illustrated through a engineering example. In addition, displacement response ratio is proposed to divide evolution stage of the roadbed slope disaster which with information of monitoring deformation. And through the analysis on the monitoring data of monkeys -stone landslide. The criterion displacement response ratio was applied, and the consistency has attained with actual situation.
In the paper, the determine method of security fortification level for roadbed slope were given, on the basis of analysis on a variety of factors of safety fortification level. The method to verify the reliability of roadbed slope structural attained through the track on carrying capacity of the roadbed slope structural.
Finally, the damage mechanism was analyzed which on the landslide, integrate to survey data of geological disasters in the reservoir area. The stage of disaster has been determined, prevention treatment program proposed, and reference for disaster prevention provided.
公路处在大自然中,影响路基边坡稳定性的因素众多,且有很大不确定性。本文在灾变链式理论的基础上,对路基边坡灾害发生发育的延续性和阶段性进行研究。划分路基边坡灾害演化的阶段,给出灾害演变阶段区划的临界判据。首先使用《公路路基设计规范(JTG D30-2004)》推荐的计算路基边坡稳定性系数的方法计算路基边坡的稳定系数,进一步根据稳定系数值来区划灾害演变阶段。并通过工程实例说明了判据的实用性和可靠性。另外,对于有变形监测资料的路基边坡,提出用位移响应比区划路基边坡灾变演化阶段。并通过对猴子石滑坡监测资料的分析,使得位移响应比这一判据得以应用,并与灾变实际情况取得很好的一致性。
论文对路基边坡安全设防水平多种影响因素进行分析,给出确定路基边坡安全设防水平的方法。进一步,通过对路基边坡结构安全承载能力的跟踪,得到路基边坡结构稳定可靠性验证的方法。
最后,结合库区地质灾害调研资料,对滑坡地段公路路基损毁破坏机理进行了剖析,确定了灾害所处阶段,并提出防治治理方案,为灾害防治提供了参考依据。
Owing to the require of engineering,the stable rock mass or soil mass is destroyed in a certain degree to form the new artificial slope when constructing highway. The rock and soil body as a structure have the own intensity and stability of material and structure. However,the intensity and the stability will be descended largely for influence from the environment and human activities. Once the roadbed slope damaged,it Would affect the transport adversely, even human life and property would face to a serious threat. That is why study to damage mechanism of roadbed slope is particularly important and Meaningful extremely.
Many great uncertainty factors impact on stability of roadbed slope for highway is in the nature. On the basis of the chain-styled theory of the disaster, the continuity and Stage in development of the roadbed slope disaster have been studied. The disaster evolution stage of roadbed slope has been divided and stage division criteria of disaster have been given. First, the stability coefficient has been calculated use method which the "Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades (JTG D30-2004)" Recommended. Further the stages of disaster are divided according to the stability coefficient. And the practicality and reliability of the criterion were illustrated through a engineering example. In addition, displacement response ratio is proposed to divide evolution stage of the roadbed slope disaster which with information of monitoring deformation. And through the analysis on the monitoring data of monkeys -stone landslide. The criterion displacement response ratio was applied, and the consistency has attained with actual situation.
In the paper, the determine method of security fortification level for roadbed slope were given, on the basis of analysis on a variety of factors of safety fortification level. The method to verify the reliability of roadbed slope structural attained through the track on carrying capacity of the roadbed slope structural.
Finally, the damage mechanism was analyzed which on the landslide, integrate to survey data of geological disasters in the reservoir area. The stage of disaster has been determined, prevention treatment program proposed, and reference for disaster prevention provided.
引文
[1] Terzaghi.K.theoretical soil Mechanics[M].John Wileycsons.lnc.New York.N.Y. 1943.35~41
[2] Terzaghi.K.Mechanism of Landlides.Inglication of Geology to Engineering Practice (Berkeley Volume) [J].Edited by S.Paige.Geological Society of A merica.New York. 1950.83~123
[3] Fellenius.W.Erdstatisch Berechnungen[J]. Beriin W.Ernst and Sohn revised edition.1939
[4] Bishop.A.W.The Use of the Slip Circle in the Stability Analysis of Slopes[J]. Geotechique. 1955.Vols.7~17
[5] Janbu.N.Slope stability computations[J]. Embankment Dam Engineering 1973,47~86
[6] Spencer.E.A Method of Analysis of Embankments Assuming paralle[J]. Inter~ slice Forces. Geotechnique.1967.17:11~26
[7] Chen.Zuyu andMorgenstem.N.R.Extensions to the Generalized Method of Slices for Stability Analysis[J].Canadian Geotechnieal Journal.1983.20(1).104~119
[8] Chen.Zuyu.Random Trials Used in Determining Global Minimum Factors of Safety of Slopes[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal.1992.29(2).225~33
[9]陈祖熠.土坡稳定分析通用条分法及其改进[J].岩土工程学报.1983.5(4).39~59
[10] Sarma.S.K.Stability Analysis of Embankments and Slopes.Geotechnique.1979.105(12). 1511~1524
[11]赵尚毅,郑颖人,时卫民等.有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报.2002. 129(3):343~346
[12]龚晓南.21世纪岩土工程发展展望[J]岩土工程学报.2000.22(2).238~242
[13]成永刚.近二十年来国内滑坡研究的现状及动态[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.2003.14(4).l~5
[14]肖盛燮等.灾变链式理论及应用[M] .科学出版社.2006.2
[15]肖盛燮.生态环境灾变链式理论原创结构梗概[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006增1.2593~2602
[16]范海军,肖盛燮等.自然灾害链式效应结构关系及其复杂性规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006.(178) .2604-2609
[17]刘文方,肖盛燮等.自然灾害链及其断链减灾模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006. (178).2676-2678
[18]欧阳光前.半填半挖路基边坡力学机理及稳定研究.长沙.湖南大学.2007
[19]张培文,陈祖煜.糯扎渡大坝设计边坡稳定的有限元分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报.2003.1(3) .207~210
[20] Ugai K, Leshchinsky D.Three dimensional limit equilibrium and finite elementanalysis.a comparison of results [J].Soils and Foundations.1995.35(4).1~7
[21]徐卫亚,肖武.基于强度折减和重度增加的边坡破坏判据研究[J].岩土力学.2007.28(3). 505~507
[22]李敏.边坡支挡结构的长期稳定性分析方法探讨[J].路基工程.2006.(2).15~16
[23]王永东.公路隧道防火安全等级的划分.长安大学学报(自然科学版).2007.(5)75~78
[24]许秀红.黑龙江省春秋季道路安全等级标准的划分.黑龙江气象.2008.(4).33~35
[25]马惠民,王恭先,周培德.山区高速公路高边坡病害防治实例.北京.人民交通出版社. 2006
[26]高民欢,李辉,张新宇,史建方.高等级公路边坡冲刷理论与植被防护技术.北京.人民交通出版社.2005
[27]钱让清.公路工程地质.安徽.中国科技大学出版社.2003
[28]张书余.地质灾害气象预报基础.北京.气象出版社.2005
[29]黄志全.边坡工程非线性理论及其应用.河南.黄河水利出版社.2005
[30]尹祥础,尹灿.非线性系统的失稳前兆与地震预报——响应比理论及其应用[J].中国科学(B辑).1991.42(5).512~518
[31]尹祥础,陈学忠,宋治平.加卸载响应比理论及其在地震预测中的应用研究进展[J].地球物理学报.1994.37(增1).23~230
[32]许强,黄润秋.用加卸载响应比理论探讨斜坡失稳前兆[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.1995.6(2):25~30
[33]陈学忠.加卸载响应比理论的应用和发展[J].国际地震动态.2000.22(1).2~65.
[34]贺可强,周敦云,王思敬.降雨型堆积层滑坡的加卸载响应比特征及其预测作用与意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2004.23(16) .2 665~2 670
[35]贺可强,阳吉宝,王思敬.堆积层滑坡位移动力学理论及其应用[M].北京.科学出版社.2007.
[36]姜彤,马瑾,许兵.基于加卸载响应比理论的边坡动力稳定分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2007.26(3).626~631
[37]秦四清,张倬元,王士天,黄润秋.非线性工程地质学导引.993.成都.西南交通大学出版社
[38]郝圣旺,孙菊.非均质脆性材料灾变性破坏的一种敏感前兆[J].力学学报.2008.40(3). 339~344
[39]张浪平,尹祥础,梁乃刚.加卸载响应比与损伤变量关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报. 2008.27(9).1874~1881
[40]杨荣兴,周均若,张荣华.水~岩反应实验研究现状与进展[J].现代地质.1995.9(4).419~422
[41]林卫烈,杨舜成.滑坡与降雨量相关性研究[J].福建水土保持.2003.15(l) .28~33.
[42]李彰明.模糊分析在边坡稳定性评价的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):490~495
[2] Terzaghi.K.Mechanism of Landlides.Inglication of Geology to Engineering Practice (Berkeley Volume) [J].Edited by S.Paige.Geological Society of A merica.New York. 1950.83~123
[3] Fellenius.W.Erdstatisch Berechnungen[J]. Beriin W.Ernst and Sohn revised edition.1939
[4] Bishop.A.W.The Use of the Slip Circle in the Stability Analysis of Slopes[J]. Geotechique. 1955.Vols.7~17
[5] Janbu.N.Slope stability computations[J]. Embankment Dam Engineering 1973,47~86
[6] Spencer.E.A Method of Analysis of Embankments Assuming paralle[J]. Inter~ slice Forces. Geotechnique.1967.17:11~26
[7] Chen.Zuyu andMorgenstem.N.R.Extensions to the Generalized Method of Slices for Stability Analysis[J].Canadian Geotechnieal Journal.1983.20(1).104~119
[8] Chen.Zuyu.Random Trials Used in Determining Global Minimum Factors of Safety of Slopes[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal.1992.29(2).225~33
[9]陈祖熠.土坡稳定分析通用条分法及其改进[J].岩土工程学报.1983.5(4).39~59
[10] Sarma.S.K.Stability Analysis of Embankments and Slopes.Geotechnique.1979.105(12). 1511~1524
[11]赵尚毅,郑颖人,时卫民等.有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报.2002. 129(3):343~346
[12]龚晓南.21世纪岩土工程发展展望[J]岩土工程学报.2000.22(2).238~242
[13]成永刚.近二十年来国内滑坡研究的现状及动态[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.2003.14(4).l~5
[14]肖盛燮等.灾变链式理论及应用[M] .科学出版社.2006.2
[15]肖盛燮.生态环境灾变链式理论原创结构梗概[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006增1.2593~2602
[16]范海军,肖盛燮等.自然灾害链式效应结构关系及其复杂性规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006.(178) .2604-2609
[17]刘文方,肖盛燮等.自然灾害链及其断链减灾模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2006. (178).2676-2678
[18]欧阳光前.半填半挖路基边坡力学机理及稳定研究.长沙.湖南大学.2007
[19]张培文,陈祖煜.糯扎渡大坝设计边坡稳定的有限元分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报.2003.1(3) .207~210
[20] Ugai K, Leshchinsky D.Three dimensional limit equilibrium and finite elementanalysis.a comparison of results [J].Soils and Foundations.1995.35(4).1~7
[21]徐卫亚,肖武.基于强度折减和重度增加的边坡破坏判据研究[J].岩土力学.2007.28(3). 505~507
[22]李敏.边坡支挡结构的长期稳定性分析方法探讨[J].路基工程.2006.(2).15~16
[23]王永东.公路隧道防火安全等级的划分.长安大学学报(自然科学版).2007.(5)75~78
[24]许秀红.黑龙江省春秋季道路安全等级标准的划分.黑龙江气象.2008.(4).33~35
[25]马惠民,王恭先,周培德.山区高速公路高边坡病害防治实例.北京.人民交通出版社. 2006
[26]高民欢,李辉,张新宇,史建方.高等级公路边坡冲刷理论与植被防护技术.北京.人民交通出版社.2005
[27]钱让清.公路工程地质.安徽.中国科技大学出版社.2003
[28]张书余.地质灾害气象预报基础.北京.气象出版社.2005
[29]黄志全.边坡工程非线性理论及其应用.河南.黄河水利出版社.2005
[30]尹祥础,尹灿.非线性系统的失稳前兆与地震预报——响应比理论及其应用[J].中国科学(B辑).1991.42(5).512~518
[31]尹祥础,陈学忠,宋治平.加卸载响应比理论及其在地震预测中的应用研究进展[J].地球物理学报.1994.37(增1).23~230
[32]许强,黄润秋.用加卸载响应比理论探讨斜坡失稳前兆[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.1995.6(2):25~30
[33]陈学忠.加卸载响应比理论的应用和发展[J].国际地震动态.2000.22(1).2~65.
[34]贺可强,周敦云,王思敬.降雨型堆积层滑坡的加卸载响应比特征及其预测作用与意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2004.23(16) .2 665~2 670
[35]贺可强,阳吉宝,王思敬.堆积层滑坡位移动力学理论及其应用[M].北京.科学出版社.2007.
[36]姜彤,马瑾,许兵.基于加卸载响应比理论的边坡动力稳定分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2007.26(3).626~631
[37]秦四清,张倬元,王士天,黄润秋.非线性工程地质学导引.993.成都.西南交通大学出版社
[38]郝圣旺,孙菊.非均质脆性材料灾变性破坏的一种敏感前兆[J].力学学报.2008.40(3). 339~344
[39]张浪平,尹祥础,梁乃刚.加卸载响应比与损伤变量关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报. 2008.27(9).1874~1881
[40]杨荣兴,周均若,张荣华.水~岩反应实验研究现状与进展[J].现代地质.1995.9(4).419~422
[41]林卫烈,杨舜成.滑坡与降雨量相关性研究[J].福建水土保持.2003.15(l) .28~33.
[42]李彰明.模糊分析在边坡稳定性评价的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):490~495