基于高阶统计量特征参数的舰船噪声重构
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摘要
舰艇航行时产生的辐射噪声传播距离较远，其重构与模拟技术是水中军用目标特性研究的一个重要分支，一直受到世界各军事大国的关注。由于电子对抗技术的发展，在实验室对水中目标的辐射噪声特性，尤其是仿真和重构舰艇宽带辐射噪声特性的研究在国内外均受到很大重视。基于高阶统计量理论，本文结合某国防重点实验室基金项目研究计划，在较宽频段内实现了水下目标辐射噪声的重构。本文的主要研究成果和创新如下：
1．分析了舰艇辐射噪声的产生机理，研究了高阶统计量对高斯过程不敏感的特点，提取了水下目标辐射噪声的双谱特征和1 1/2维谱特征。
2．基于双谱重构理论，使用最小二乘法分别建立了对信号频谱幅值和相位的重构模型，选定频谱样本长度为512点，应用仿真信号分析验证了重构算法的正确性，根据水下目标辐射噪声的双谱特征分别实现了水下目标辐射噪声信号幅值和相位的重构，利用幅值和相位的模型重构了水下目标辐射噪声的时域波形，达到了较好的效果。
3．基于1 1/2维谱重构理论，应用DFT算法分别建立了对信号频谱幅值和相位的重构，应用仿真信号分析验证了重构算法的正确性，说明基于1 1/2维谱的重构算法同样能达到抑制高斯噪声的作用。根据水下目标辐射噪声的1 1/2维谱特征分别实现了水下目标辐射噪声信号幅值和相位的重构，利用幅值和相位的模型重构了水下目标辐射噪声的时域波形。
4．在计算量、使用数据量及重构效果等方面对双谱重构方法和1 1/2维谱重构方法进行了对比分析，基于双谱的重构方法重构信号的效果较好，而基1 1/2维谱的重构方法计算简洁，易于实现。
5．基于倒双谱的基本理论，研究了舰艇辐射噪声的倒双谱特征，形成了基于倒双谱理论的舰艇辐射噪声重构方案。
The sailing ship radiated noise transmission distance. Reconstruction of ship-radiated noise and its simulation technology is an important branch of the military objective characteristics and it is a hotspot and difficult area in the national and international research. As electronic countermeasures technology, the underwater targets in the laboratory of radiation noise, especially radiation noise simulation and reconstruction of vessels subject to a great deal of attention at home and abroad. Based on higher-order statistics theory, underwater targets in a wide frequency band noise reconstruction is realized. The main work and originality in this thesis can be summarized as follows:
1.The ship-radiated noise is researched. Based on the mechanism of higher-order spectrum of the Gaussian process is not sensitive, we distill the Bispectrum and
1(1/2) -spectrum characteristics of underwater radiated noise.
2. Based on the Bispectrum reconstruction theory, we use least squares arithmetic set up a model of the signal amplitude and phase of the reconstruction. Signal analysis and simulation of the reconstruction algorithm verify the correctness. According to the bispectrum of underwater radiated noise characteristics, we achieve the objectives of the reconstruction of underwater radiated noise signal amplitude and phase. We use the amplitude and phase of the reconstruction resume the time-domain waveform of underwater radiated noise signal.
3. Based on the 1(1/2)-spectrum reconstruction theory, we use DFT arithmetic set up
a model of the signal amplitude and phase of the reconstruction. Signal analysis and simulation of the reconstruction algorithm verify the correctness. According to the
1(1/2)-spectrum of underwater radiated noise characteristics, we achieve the objectives of
the reconstruction of underwater radiated noise signal amplitude and phase. We use the amplitude and phase of the reconstruction resume the time-domain waveform of underwater radiated noise signal.
4.We compared the two method of reconstruction. The effect of Bispectrum
reconstruction method is better, and the method of 1(1/2) -spectrum reconstruction theory
is simple and easy to realize.
5. Based on Bicep strum theory, we researched the ship radiated noise Bicep strum feature. The theory of ship radiated noise reconstruction by Bicep strum is established.
1．分析了舰艇辐射噪声的产生机理，研究了高阶统计量对高斯过程不敏感的特点，提取了水下目标辐射噪声的双谱特征和1 1/2维谱特征。
2．基于双谱重构理论，使用最小二乘法分别建立了对信号频谱幅值和相位的重构模型，选定频谱样本长度为512点，应用仿真信号分析验证了重构算法的正确性，根据水下目标辐射噪声的双谱特征分别实现了水下目标辐射噪声信号幅值和相位的重构，利用幅值和相位的模型重构了水下目标辐射噪声的时域波形，达到了较好的效果。
3．基于1 1/2维谱重构理论，应用DFT算法分别建立了对信号频谱幅值和相位的重构，应用仿真信号分析验证了重构算法的正确性，说明基于1 1/2维谱的重构算法同样能达到抑制高斯噪声的作用。根据水下目标辐射噪声的1 1/2维谱特征分别实现了水下目标辐射噪声信号幅值和相位的重构，利用幅值和相位的模型重构了水下目标辐射噪声的时域波形。
4．在计算量、使用数据量及重构效果等方面对双谱重构方法和1 1/2维谱重构方法进行了对比分析，基于双谱的重构方法重构信号的效果较好，而基1 1/2维谱的重构方法计算简洁，易于实现。
5．基于倒双谱的基本理论，研究了舰艇辐射噪声的倒双谱特征，形成了基于倒双谱理论的舰艇辐射噪声重构方案。
The sailing ship radiated noise transmission distance. Reconstruction of ship-radiated noise and its simulation technology is an important branch of the military objective characteristics and it is a hotspot and difficult area in the national and international research. As electronic countermeasures technology, the underwater targets in the laboratory of radiation noise, especially radiation noise simulation and reconstruction of vessels subject to a great deal of attention at home and abroad. Based on higher-order statistics theory, underwater targets in a wide frequency band noise reconstruction is realized. The main work and originality in this thesis can be summarized as follows:
1.The ship-radiated noise is researched. Based on the mechanism of higher-order spectrum of the Gaussian process is not sensitive, we distill the Bispectrum and
1(1/2) -spectrum characteristics of underwater radiated noise.
2. Based on the Bispectrum reconstruction theory, we use least squares arithmetic set up a model of the signal amplitude and phase of the reconstruction. Signal analysis and simulation of the reconstruction algorithm verify the correctness. According to the bispectrum of underwater radiated noise characteristics, we achieve the objectives of the reconstruction of underwater radiated noise signal amplitude and phase. We use the amplitude and phase of the reconstruction resume the time-domain waveform of underwater radiated noise signal.
3. Based on the 1(1/2)-spectrum reconstruction theory, we use DFT arithmetic set up
a model of the signal amplitude and phase of the reconstruction. Signal analysis and simulation of the reconstruction algorithm verify the correctness. According to the
1(1/2)-spectrum of underwater radiated noise characteristics, we achieve the objectives of
the reconstruction of underwater radiated noise signal amplitude and phase. We use the amplitude and phase of the reconstruction resume the time-domain waveform of underwater radiated noise signal.
4.We compared the two method of reconstruction. The effect of Bispectrum
reconstruction method is better, and the method of 1(1/2) -spectrum reconstruction theory
is simple and easy to realize.
5. Based on Bicep strum theory, we researched the ship radiated noise Bicep strum feature. The theory of ship radiated noise reconstruction by Bicep strum is established.
引文
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9. Lohamnn A W,Wimitzer B. Triple correlations. Proc.IEEE,1984,72:889-901
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11. Lii K S,Rosenblatt M. Deconvolution and estimation of transfer function phase and coefficients for non-Gaussian linear processes. Ann. Statist.,1982,10:1195 —1208
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13. C K Papadopoulous, C L Nikias. Parameter estimation of exponentially damped sinusoids using higher order statistics. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing. 1990, 38(8): 1424-1435.
14. A Swami, J M Mendel. Cumulant-based approach to the harmonic retrieval and related problem. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1990, 39(5):1099～1109.
15. J M M Anderson, G B Giannakis. Harmonic retrieval using higher order statistics: A deterministic formation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1995, 43(8): 1880～1889.
16. X Fan, H N Younan. Asymptotic analysis of the cumulant-based MUSIC method in the presence of sample cumulant error. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1995,43(3): 799～802.
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18. K M Knill, A G Constantinides. Least-mean square adaptation of the orthogonal block adaptive line enhancer, http://svr-www.eng.com.ac.uk/～kmk/ale.html 2003-4-10.
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28．刘勋，相敬林等．基于高阶谱的声压梯度声源定向．兵工学报，2001年5月，第22卷第2期
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30．魏富胜，黎明．震源性质的倒谱分析．地震学报．2003，25(1)．47-54
31．易克初，田斌等．语音信号处理．国防工业出版社，2000年6月
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34．樊养余，陶宝祺等．舰艇噪声的1 1/2维谱特征提取．声学学报，2002，27(1)：71～76
35．樊养余．舰船噪声的高阶统计量特征提取及应用．西北工业大学博士学位论文．1999
36．吴国清，任锐，陈耀明等．舰船辐射噪声高阶谱分析和标记图．声学学报，1996，21 (1)：29-39
37．周越，杨杰，胡英．基于高阶累积量的水声噪声检测和识别．兵工学报．2002，23 (1)：72-78
38．周越，杨杰．水声信号的非高斯特性分析与检测方法的研究．信号处理．2001，17 (5)：406-411
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53．许秀英，盛卫星，用改进核函数提高SVM的雷达目标识别率．现代雷达，2005，27(10)：53—56
54．蔡悦斌，张明之，史习智等，舰船噪声波形结构特征提取及分类研究．电子学报，第27卷，第6期，第129-130页，1999年6月。
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57．王慧儒，段瑞玲等．基于倒双谱的机械系统载荷识别方法．中国矿业大学学报2003，32(1)．60-63
58．宋建勤，董彦武．倒谱技术在人体脉搏信号分析中的应用．陕西师范大学学报：自然科学版．1997，25(2)．35-39
2. Xian-Da Zhang, Ying-Chang Liang. Prefiltering-based ESPRIT for estimating sinusoidal parameters in non-Gaussian ARMA noise. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1995, 43(1):349～353.
3. Yan Zhang, Shu-Xun Wang. Harmonic retrieval in colored non-Gaussian noise. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. 1999, Vol.3,page(s):1593～1596.
4. Sheng-Hong Li, Hong-Wen Zhu. Harmonic retrieval in mixed non-Gaussian and gaussian ARMA noise using higher-order statistics. The 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems(2001.ISCAS).2001,Vol.2,page(s):113-116.
5. Brillinger D B. The identification of a particular nonlinear time series system. Biometrika, 1977,64:509-511
6. Bartelt H,Lohmann A M,Wirnitzer B.Phase and amplitude recovery from bispectra. Applied Optics, 1984,23:3121-3129
7. Sundaramoorthy G,Raghuveer M R,Dianat S A. Bispectral reconstruction of signals in noise: amplitude reconstruction issues. IEEE Trans. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing,1990,38:1297-1306
8. Nikias C L,Petropulu A P. Highter-Order Spectral Analysis: A Nonlinear Signal Processing Framework. N.J.:Prentice-Hall,1993
9. Lohamnn A W,Wimitzer B. Triple correlations. Proc.IEEE,1984,72:889-901
10 . Matsuoka T,Ulrych T J. Phase estimation using the bispectrum. Proc. IEEE,1984,72:1403-1411
11. Lii K S,Rosenblatt M. Deconvolution and estimation of transfer function phase and coefficients for non-Gaussian linear processes. Ann. Statist.,1982,10:1195 —1208
12. Athina P.Petropulu and Udantha R.Abeyratne,System Reconstruction from Higher Order Spectra Slices, IEEE, 1997, 45: 2241—2251.
13. C K Papadopoulous, C L Nikias. Parameter estimation of exponentially damped sinusoids using higher order statistics. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing. 1990, 38(8): 1424-1435.
14. A Swami, J M Mendel. Cumulant-based approach to the harmonic retrieval and related problem. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1990, 39(5):1099～1109.
15. J M M Anderson, G B Giannakis. Harmonic retrieval using higher order statistics: A deterministic formation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1995, 43(8): 1880～1889.
16. X Fan, H N Younan. Asymptotic analysis of the cumulant-based MUSIC method in the presence of sample cumulant error. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1995,43(3): 799～802.
17. A G Constantinides, K M Knill, J A Cchambers. A novel orthogonal set adaptive line enhancer tuned with furth-order cumulants, http://svr-www.eng.com.ac.uk/～kmk/ale.html 2003-4-10.
18. K M Knill, A G Constantinides. Least-mean square adaptation of the orthogonal block adaptive line enhancer, http://svr-www.eng.com.ac.uk/～kmk/ale.html 2003-4-10.
19. Vanant, Rpriemer. Lattice predictor for frequency estimation using higher-order statistics. Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems. 8-11 Aug. 2000, Vol.2,page(s):868～870.
20．张贤达．时间序列分析—高阶统计量方法．北京：清华大学出版社，1996
21．姬红兵，李洁等．基于AR模型参数双谱估计的雷达目标识别，电子科学学刊，1999，21(6)：843—847．
22．周忠来，施聚生等．双谱估计在直升机声信号特性提取中的应用，探测与控制学报，1999，21(2)：27—31．
23．陈滨宁、张贤达，基于倒谱的非因果自回归系统自适应辨识，清华大学学报(自然科学版)，第37卷，第9期，第90—94页，1997年。
24．周祥才．基于MATLAB的信号采样与重构实现．常州工学院学报，2006年6月，第19卷第3期
25．王彪，杨志明等．基于倒谱特征的舰船辐射噪声识别算法研究．西北示范大学学报．2006年第6期，第42卷
26．王宏志，赵孔新等．利用高阶谱恢复信号相位信息的非参数方法．吉林工学院学报．1995年6月，第16卷第2期
27．黄健英，李录明等．基于高阶谱的地震子波估计．成都理工大学学报(自然科学版)，2006年4月，第33卷第2期
28．刘勋，相敬林等．基于高阶谱的声压梯度声源定向．兵工学报，2001年5月，第22卷第2期
29．李亚安，冯西安等．基于1 1/2维谱的舰船辐射噪声低频线谱成分提取．兵工学报，2004年3月，第25卷第2期
30．魏富胜，黎明．震源性质的倒谱分析．地震学报．2003，25(1)．47-54
31．易克初，田斌等．语音信号处理．国防工业出版社，2000年6月
32．王慧儒，段瑞玲等．基于倒双谱的机械系统载荷识别方法．中国矿业大学学报．2003，32(1)．60-63
33．宋建勤，董彦武．倒谱技术在人体脉搏信号分析中的应用．陕西师范大学学报：自然科学版．1997，25(2)．35-39
34．樊养余，陶宝祺等．舰艇噪声的1 1/2维谱特征提取．声学学报，2002，27(1)：71～76
35．樊养余．舰船噪声的高阶统计量特征提取及应用．西北工业大学博士学位论文．1999
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