MB3镁合金搅拌摩擦连接工艺及组织性能研究
|
摘要
随着工业技术的飞速发展，人们对汽车、飞机的性能要求越来越高，降低结构重量成为提高其性能的重要措施。因此，轻型镁合金材料在此方面的应用需求更为迫切。
本文采用搅拌摩擦连接的方法是一种新型固相塑化焊接方法，可以有效地避免氧化和蒸发，焊后冷却过程中不出现热裂纹，焊缝区晶粒得到细化，优化了接头各项性能，同时焊接过程不需要填充金属，不产生火花、飞溅、烟雾、弧光等，是一种高效、节能、优质、简单、无污染的焊接工艺。
利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度等分析测试技术，对采用搅拌摩擦焊接过的MB3镁合金接头组织进行微观分析，分析结果表明：MB3镁合金的焊接接头经历了搅拌摩擦和扩散再结晶过程，焊缝区晶粒细化、组织致密，选择合理的工艺可以完全避免焊接接头孔洞和焊缝表面沟槽的出现。焊接过程中加工硬化和再结晶退火共同作用使得接头处显微硬度略有起伏，幅值接近于母材。
利用拉伸、弯曲等力学测试手段对搅拌摩擦连接的3mm厚MB3镁合金板进行机械性能检验，检验结果为：在使用焊接合理工艺参数R=1500r／min，v=90mm／min，R／v=16.7，F=1470N的情况下，拉伸试样70％以上断裂于母材，接头正弯与背弯强度分别可以达到母材的90.2％和83.0％。
应用此技术成功的解决了汽车轻量化过程中镁合金材料的有效连接问题。同时为镁合金的广泛使用提供了必要的技术支持。
Along with the fast progressing of the industrial technology, people concerned about the capability of automobile and aeroplane very much. Reducing frame weight is the most important method to enhance the capability. So, the demand of applying light-duty magnesium alloy becomes even more and imminence.
Friction stir welding(FSW) used in our paper is a late-model solid phase welding method, which can avoid the problems existing in the other welding methods. It's an efficient, energy saving, simple and environment-friendly technique, which can efficiently avoid oxidation and evaporation without heat flaw in the cooling process after welding. FSW can get optimized various performance of joint without any sparkle, splash , smog or arc. No filling metal is needed in the welding process.
In this section, we use metalloscope, SEM and micro-rigidity to test the magnesium alloy(MB3) joint during friction stir welding process. We can learn form the testing result that crystalloid is minuted and structure is compacted. If proper technique was adopted, the appearance of small openings and groove on the welding seam surface can be avoided. The co-effect of machining work-hardening and recrystal anneal makes the micro hardness fluctuant a little. And the amplitude value is close to raw material.
We use mechanics testing method like stretch and bend to test the 3mm magnesium alloy(MB3) after friction stir welding. The stretch sample can show no less than 70% of raw material's performance when the condition is suitable: R= 1500r/min,v = 90mm/min,R/v=16.7 and F=1470N. Curve intensity of the joint reaches 90.2% and 83.0% at obverse and inverse curve separately.
The efficient join problem of magnesium alloy was successfully solved via this technique. It do provide a necessary technique support for widely use of magnesium alloy.
本文采用搅拌摩擦连接的方法是一种新型固相塑化焊接方法，可以有效地避免氧化和蒸发，焊后冷却过程中不出现热裂纹，焊缝区晶粒得到细化，优化了接头各项性能，同时焊接过程不需要填充金属，不产生火花、飞溅、烟雾、弧光等，是一种高效、节能、优质、简单、无污染的焊接工艺。
利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度等分析测试技术，对采用搅拌摩擦焊接过的MB3镁合金接头组织进行微观分析，分析结果表明：MB3镁合金的焊接接头经历了搅拌摩擦和扩散再结晶过程，焊缝区晶粒细化、组织致密，选择合理的工艺可以完全避免焊接接头孔洞和焊缝表面沟槽的出现。焊接过程中加工硬化和再结晶退火共同作用使得接头处显微硬度略有起伏，幅值接近于母材。
利用拉伸、弯曲等力学测试手段对搅拌摩擦连接的3mm厚MB3镁合金板进行机械性能检验，检验结果为：在使用焊接合理工艺参数R=1500r／min，v=90mm／min，R／v=16.7，F=1470N的情况下，拉伸试样70％以上断裂于母材，接头正弯与背弯强度分别可以达到母材的90.2％和83.0％。
应用此技术成功的解决了汽车轻量化过程中镁合金材料的有效连接问题。同时为镁合金的广泛使用提供了必要的技术支持。
Along with the fast progressing of the industrial technology, people concerned about the capability of automobile and aeroplane very much. Reducing frame weight is the most important method to enhance the capability. So, the demand of applying light-duty magnesium alloy becomes even more and imminence.
Friction stir welding(FSW) used in our paper is a late-model solid phase welding method, which can avoid the problems existing in the other welding methods. It's an efficient, energy saving, simple and environment-friendly technique, which can efficiently avoid oxidation and evaporation without heat flaw in the cooling process after welding. FSW can get optimized various performance of joint without any sparkle, splash , smog or arc. No filling metal is needed in the welding process.
In this section, we use metalloscope, SEM and micro-rigidity to test the magnesium alloy(MB3) joint during friction stir welding process. We can learn form the testing result that crystalloid is minuted and structure is compacted. If proper technique was adopted, the appearance of small openings and groove on the welding seam surface can be avoided. The co-effect of machining work-hardening and recrystal anneal makes the micro hardness fluctuant a little. And the amplitude value is close to raw material.
We use mechanics testing method like stretch and bend to test the 3mm magnesium alloy(MB3) after friction stir welding. The stretch sample can show no less than 70% of raw material's performance when the condition is suitable: R= 1500r/min,v = 90mm/min,R/v=16.7 and F=1470N. Curve intensity of the joint reaches 90.2% and 83.0% at obverse and inverse curve separately.
The efficient join problem of magnesium alloy was successfully solved via this technique. It do provide a necessary technique support for widely use of magnesium alloy.
引文
[1]洛阳有色金属加工设计研究院镁及镁合金专用手册[美]米歇尔·M·阿维德西安等编著 洛阳有色院科技信息中心编译2002．
[2]刘正 镁合金压铸及其铸件低周疲劳行为与裂纹扩展的研究 博士论文2001．
[3]邸斌 刘中青译 有色金属焊接手册 中国铁道出版社 1988．
[4]国家经贸委 汽车工业“十五”发展计划(Z)
[5]彭晓东 李玉兰 刘江 轻合金在汽车上的应用 机械工程材料 1999，02
[6]刘正 张奎 曾小勤 镁基轻质合金理论基础及其应用 机械工业出版社 2002．
[7]丁淑滨 张照东等 90年代轿车新材料新工艺 轻合金加工技术 2000，09
[8]刘天湖 孙友松 新材料新工艺在新型汽车开发中的应用 金属成形工艺 2001，01
[9]袁序第 镁合金在汽车工业的应用前景 有色金属加工 2002，31(1)：14—15
[10]刘正 王越 王光中等 镁基轻质材料的研究与应用 材料研究学报 2000，14(6)：449—456
[11]李志远 钱乙余 张九海 先进连接方法 机械工业出版社 2000．
[12]B. Hopf, C. Biemans Light-Weight Body-Current Status and Future Challenges Chinese-German Ultralight symposium 19th-20th leptember 2001 beijing pr China
[13]K. -D Debshutz, M Beck, M. Martin Simulation of Joining techniques for transportation vehicles Chinese-German Ultralight symposium 19th-20th september 2001 beijing P.R China
[14]许如强 铝基复合材料的钎焊连接技术 焊接技术 2002．31(3)：1-3
[15]柯黎明等 搅拌摩擦焊工艺及其应用 焊接技术 2000．29(2)：7-8
[16]柯黎明 邢丽 刘鸽平等．搅拌摩擦焊及其应用[J]．焊接技术0，29(2)：7-8
[17]邢丽 柯黎明 周细应 刘鸽平 防锈铝LF6的固态塑性连接工艺．中国有色金属学报，2002，12(6)
[18]张田仓 郭德伦等 合金搅拌摩擦焊接技术．机械工程学报，2002，38(2)
[19]吴秀铭 中国镁业是可参与全球竞争的优势产业[J]．中国镁业2001，(2)：1-2
[20]汪之清 国外镁合金压铸技术的发展[J]。铸造，1997，(8)：48-51。
[21]曾大本 镁合金压铸件的表面处理[A]．中国铸造协会。第二届有色合金及铸造国际会议论文集[C]，2001，99-103
[22]Hahn, J.R. Kurzok, R. Timmermann: Joining of Multimaterial Constructions. Chinese—German Ultralight Symposium. September 2001. Beijing.
[23]Thomas W M, Nicholas E D, Murch M G, et al. Improvement relating to friction [P].Uropan Patent Specification 0615480 BI.
[24]Milding O T, Morley E J and Sandvik A. friction stir welding[P]International Patent Publication:W O 95/26254.
[25]Dawes C, Thomas W M. friction stir joining of aluminium alloys[Z].Bulletin 6, TWI, December 1995.
[26]Stephan Kalle, Dave Nicholas. Causing a stir in the future[J].welding& joint, 1998, (2).
[27]Midling O T. Materiar flow behavior and microstructural nintegrity of friction stir butt weldements[A].Proc, of 4th Int. conf. on aluminium alloys(ICAA)4[C],Atlanta, GA, USA, 11-16Spet. 1994.
[28]Dawes C J, Thomas W M. Friction stir process weding aluminium Alloys[J].welding journal, 1996,75(3):41-45.
[29]Colligan K. Matelial flow behavior during friction stil welding of aluminium[J].welding Journal, 1999,78(7)229-237s.
[30]Sutton M A, Yang B, Reynolds A P, et al. Mrerostructural studies of friction stir welds in 2024-T3 aluminium[J].Matrials Scrence and Engineering A, 2002,46(4).
[31]Hanadi G Salem, Anthony P Reynolds, Jed S Lyons. Microstructure and retention of superplasticity of friction stir welded superplastic 2095sheet[J].Scripta Mterialia, 2002,46(4)
[32] Yutaka S Sato, Mitsunori Urata, Hiroyuki Kokawa, et al. Retention of fine grained microstructure of equal channel angular pressed aluminium alloy 1050 by friction stir welding[J].Scripta Materialia, 2001,45(3)
[33] Rhodes C G, Mahoney M W, Bingel W H, et al. Effect of friction stir welding on microstructure of 7075 aluminium[J].Scripta Materialia, 1997,36(1)
[34] Jata K V, seminatin S L. Continuous dynamic recrystallization during friction stir welding of high strength aluminium alloy[J].Scripta Mater, 2000,43(8)
[35] Jata S V, Sankaran K K, Ruschau J J. Friction stir welding effects on microstructure and fatigue of aluminium alloy 7050-T7451[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2000,31A(9)
[36] Li Ying, Murr L E, Mcclure J C. Solid-state flow visualizaton in the friction-stir welding of 2024 Al to 6061Al[J].Scripta Materialia, 1999,40(9)
[37] 张田仓 郭德伦 栾国红 陈沁刚 固相连接新技术—搅拌摩擦焊技术．新工艺·新技术·新设备，1999，(2)
[38] 曹朝霞 刘书华 王德庆 高平 铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究．兵器材料科学与工程，2002，25(6)：37-39
[39] 王大勇等 搅拌摩擦焊焊缝表面弧形纹形成模型．焊接学报，2003，24(5)
[40] 彭成章 周鹏展 黄明辉2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺及显微组织．湘潭矿业学院学报，2002，17(2)：37-39
[41] 王大勇 冯吉才 狄欧 刘会杰 铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头焊核区等轴再结晶组织的形成机制．焊接学报，2003，24(4)
[42] Norman k F, Brough I, Prangnell P B. High resolution EBSO analysis of the grain structure in an AA2024 friction stir weld[J].Materials Science Form, 2000,331～337:1713～1718
[43] Lienert T J, Grylls R J, Gould J E, et al. Deformation microstructures
in friction stir welds on 6061-T651[C].Het Deformation of Aluminium Allovs, 1998.159～167.
[44]赵家瑞 搅拌摩擦焊接工艺发展与应用．电焊机，2000(12)：9—11
[45]张胜玉 搅动摩擦焊原理及应用．材料开发与应用，2000，15(5)：34—38
[46]C. J. Causing a stir in welding circles[J]. Welding &joinging, 1999, (4)
[47]M R. Jobnsen. Friction stir welding takes off. at Boeing[J]. Welding jou real, 1999, (2)
[48]刘小文 鄢君辉 杜随更LY12搅拌摩擦焊接技术[J]．焊接学报，2001，22(4)
[49]栾国红North T H郭德伦等铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头行为分析[J]．焊接学报．2002，12(6)
[50]张田仓 郭德伦 铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接技术[J]．机械工程学报，2002，38(2)
[51]Jin Haiou, Ko Conchita, Saimoto S et al. Microstructure of friction stir welded joints in AA5182[J].Matrials Science Forum, 2000,331～337:1725～1730
[52]Mats Ericsson, Rolf Sandstrom. Fatigue of friction stir welded AlMgSi-Alloy 6082[J].Materials Science Forum, 2000, 331～337:1787～1792.
[53]Djapic Oosterkamp L, Webster P J, Browne P A, et al. Residual stress field in a friction stir welded aluminium extrusion[J].Materials Science Forum, 2000,343～349:678～683
[54]Beate Heinz, Bbirgit Skrotzki, Gunther Eggeler. Microstructural and mechanical characterization of a friction stir welded Al-alloy[J]. Matrials Science Forum, 2000, 331～337:1757～1762.
[55]Oertelt G, Babu S S, David S A, et al.Effect of thermal cycling on friction stil weldes of 2195 aluminium alloy[J].welding Joumal, 2001,89(3):71s～79s
[56]Lohwasser D. Application of friction stir weiding for aircraft industry. The 2nd International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding. Sweden:Gothenburg, 2000
[57]Talwar R, Bolser D, Lederich R, et al. Friction stir weding of airfra
me structures. The 2nd International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding Sweden:Gothenburg, 2000
[58] Lohwasser D. Welding of airframe by friction stir welding. The 3rd International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding. Japan:Kobe
[59] Thomas W M, Needlham J C, Dawes C J, et al. friction stir butt welding[P].Intenational patent application number PCT/GB92/02203 and GB patent application 9125978.8,1991-12-06
[60] 张华 林三宝等AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能 焊接学报，2003，24(5)
[2]刘正 镁合金压铸及其铸件低周疲劳行为与裂纹扩展的研究 博士论文2001．
[3]邸斌 刘中青译 有色金属焊接手册 中国铁道出版社 1988．
[4]国家经贸委 汽车工业“十五”发展计划(Z)
[5]彭晓东 李玉兰 刘江 轻合金在汽车上的应用 机械工程材料 1999，02
[6]刘正 张奎 曾小勤 镁基轻质合金理论基础及其应用 机械工业出版社 2002．
[7]丁淑滨 张照东等 90年代轿车新材料新工艺 轻合金加工技术 2000，09
[8]刘天湖 孙友松 新材料新工艺在新型汽车开发中的应用 金属成形工艺 2001，01
[9]袁序第 镁合金在汽车工业的应用前景 有色金属加工 2002，31(1)：14—15
[10]刘正 王越 王光中等 镁基轻质材料的研究与应用 材料研究学报 2000，14(6)：449—456
[11]李志远 钱乙余 张九海 先进连接方法 机械工业出版社 2000．
[12]B. Hopf, C. Biemans Light-Weight Body-Current Status and Future Challenges Chinese-German Ultralight symposium 19th-20th leptember 2001 beijing pr China
[13]K. -D Debshutz, M Beck, M. Martin Simulation of Joining techniques for transportation vehicles Chinese-German Ultralight symposium 19th-20th september 2001 beijing P.R China
[14]许如强 铝基复合材料的钎焊连接技术 焊接技术 2002．31(3)：1-3
[15]柯黎明等 搅拌摩擦焊工艺及其应用 焊接技术 2000．29(2)：7-8
[16]柯黎明 邢丽 刘鸽平等．搅拌摩擦焊及其应用[J]．焊接技术0，29(2)：7-8
[17]邢丽 柯黎明 周细应 刘鸽平 防锈铝LF6的固态塑性连接工艺．中国有色金属学报，2002，12(6)
[18]张田仓 郭德伦等 合金搅拌摩擦焊接技术．机械工程学报，2002，38(2)
[19]吴秀铭 中国镁业是可参与全球竞争的优势产业[J]．中国镁业2001，(2)：1-2
[20]汪之清 国外镁合金压铸技术的发展[J]。铸造，1997，(8)：48-51。
[21]曾大本 镁合金压铸件的表面处理[A]．中国铸造协会。第二届有色合金及铸造国际会议论文集[C]，2001，99-103
[22]Hahn, J.R. Kurzok, R. Timmermann: Joining of Multimaterial Constructions. Chinese—German Ultralight Symposium. September 2001. Beijing.
[23]Thomas W M, Nicholas E D, Murch M G, et al. Improvement relating to friction [P].Uropan Patent Specification 0615480 BI.
[24]Milding O T, Morley E J and Sandvik A. friction stir welding[P]International Patent Publication:W O 95/26254.
[25]Dawes C, Thomas W M. friction stir joining of aluminium alloys[Z].Bulletin 6, TWI, December 1995.
[26]Stephan Kalle, Dave Nicholas. Causing a stir in the future[J].welding& joint, 1998, (2).
[27]Midling O T. Materiar flow behavior and microstructural nintegrity of friction stir butt weldements[A].Proc, of 4th Int. conf. on aluminium alloys(ICAA)4[C],Atlanta, GA, USA, 11-16Spet. 1994.
[28]Dawes C J, Thomas W M. Friction stir process weding aluminium Alloys[J].welding journal, 1996,75(3):41-45.
[29]Colligan K. Matelial flow behavior during friction stil welding of aluminium[J].welding Journal, 1999,78(7)229-237s.
[30]Sutton M A, Yang B, Reynolds A P, et al. Mrerostructural studies of friction stir welds in 2024-T3 aluminium[J].Matrials Scrence and Engineering A, 2002,46(4).
[31]Hanadi G Salem, Anthony P Reynolds, Jed S Lyons. Microstructure and retention of superplasticity of friction stir welded superplastic 2095sheet[J].Scripta Mterialia, 2002,46(4)
[32] Yutaka S Sato, Mitsunori Urata, Hiroyuki Kokawa, et al. Retention of fine grained microstructure of equal channel angular pressed aluminium alloy 1050 by friction stir welding[J].Scripta Materialia, 2001,45(3)
[33] Rhodes C G, Mahoney M W, Bingel W H, et al. Effect of friction stir welding on microstructure of 7075 aluminium[J].Scripta Materialia, 1997,36(1)
[34] Jata K V, seminatin S L. Continuous dynamic recrystallization during friction stir welding of high strength aluminium alloy[J].Scripta Mater, 2000,43(8)
[35] Jata S V, Sankaran K K, Ruschau J J. Friction stir welding effects on microstructure and fatigue of aluminium alloy 7050-T7451[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2000,31A(9)
[36] Li Ying, Murr L E, Mcclure J C. Solid-state flow visualizaton in the friction-stir welding of 2024 Al to 6061Al[J].Scripta Materialia, 1999,40(9)
[37] 张田仓 郭德伦 栾国红 陈沁刚 固相连接新技术—搅拌摩擦焊技术．新工艺·新技术·新设备，1999，(2)
[38] 曹朝霞 刘书华 王德庆 高平 铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究．兵器材料科学与工程，2002，25(6)：37-39
[39] 王大勇等 搅拌摩擦焊焊缝表面弧形纹形成模型．焊接学报，2003，24(5)
[40] 彭成章 周鹏展 黄明辉2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺及显微组织．湘潭矿业学院学报，2002，17(2)：37-39
[41] 王大勇 冯吉才 狄欧 刘会杰 铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头焊核区等轴再结晶组织的形成机制．焊接学报，2003，24(4)
[42] Norman k F, Brough I, Prangnell P B. High resolution EBSO analysis of the grain structure in an AA2024 friction stir weld[J].Materials Science Form, 2000,331～337:1713～1718
[43] Lienert T J, Grylls R J, Gould J E, et al. Deformation microstructures
in friction stir welds on 6061-T651[C].Het Deformation of Aluminium Allovs, 1998.159～167.
[44]赵家瑞 搅拌摩擦焊接工艺发展与应用．电焊机，2000(12)：9—11
[45]张胜玉 搅动摩擦焊原理及应用．材料开发与应用，2000，15(5)：34—38
[46]C. J. Causing a stir in welding circles[J]. Welding &joinging, 1999, (4)
[47]M R. Jobnsen. Friction stir welding takes off. at Boeing[J]. Welding jou real, 1999, (2)
[48]刘小文 鄢君辉 杜随更LY12搅拌摩擦焊接技术[J]．焊接学报，2001，22(4)
[49]栾国红North T H郭德伦等铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头行为分析[J]．焊接学报．2002，12(6)
[50]张田仓 郭德伦 铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接技术[J]．机械工程学报，2002，38(2)
[51]Jin Haiou, Ko Conchita, Saimoto S et al. Microstructure of friction stir welded joints in AA5182[J].Matrials Science Forum, 2000,331～337:1725～1730
[52]Mats Ericsson, Rolf Sandstrom. Fatigue of friction stir welded AlMgSi-Alloy 6082[J].Materials Science Forum, 2000, 331～337:1787～1792.
[53]Djapic Oosterkamp L, Webster P J, Browne P A, et al. Residual stress field in a friction stir welded aluminium extrusion[J].Materials Science Forum, 2000,343～349:678～683
[54]Beate Heinz, Bbirgit Skrotzki, Gunther Eggeler. Microstructural and mechanical characterization of a friction stir welded Al-alloy[J]. Matrials Science Forum, 2000, 331～337:1757～1762.
[55]Oertelt G, Babu S S, David S A, et al.Effect of thermal cycling on friction stil weldes of 2195 aluminium alloy[J].welding Joumal, 2001,89(3):71s～79s
[56]Lohwasser D. Application of friction stir weiding for aircraft industry. The 2nd International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding. Sweden:Gothenburg, 2000
[57]Talwar R, Bolser D, Lederich R, et al. Friction stir weding of airfra
me structures. The 2nd International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding Sweden:Gothenburg, 2000
[58] Lohwasser D. Welding of airframe by friction stir welding. The 3rd International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding. Japan:Kobe
[59] Thomas W M, Needlham J C, Dawes C J, et al. friction stir butt welding[P].Intenational patent application number PCT/GB92/02203 and GB patent application 9125978.8,1991-12-06
[60] 张华 林三宝等AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能 焊接学报，2003，24(5)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |