改进模切机动态性能方法的研究
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摘要
自动平压平模切机是印后加工设备中应用最广的机种之一,在食品、烟草以及装潢等诸多领域中有非常广泛的应用。为进一步提高生产率和加工质量,对其速度和精度提出了更高的要求,本文以模切机中的模压机构和凸轮机构为研究对象,研究了其运动学和动力学特性,给出了一些改进动态性能的方法。
双肘杆机构作为应用最普遍的模压机构,对模切机的性能有重要影响。本文用基于旋量理论的指数积公式建立并求解了其运动学模型,得出了各构件的位移、速度、加速度等运动参数及曲线。建立了双肘杆机构的虚拟样机模型,并针对模压平台左右晃动等问题,以模压平台的最大倾斜程度为目标函数,对其进行了优化设计。考虑双肘杆机构中的运动副间隙等非线性因素,建立动力学模型,得出了不同间隙、不同转速时模压平台的动力学响应,并分析了这些参数对动力学响应的影响。采用凸轮驱动机构代替双肘杆机构进行创新设计,使模压机构的动态性能有了明显改进。
对模切机中各种平面凸轮机构建立了运动学模型,通过求解从动件运动参数和曲线,发现存在加速度波动比较大等问题,因此选取理想的运动规律,并开发了凸轮廓线改进程序,完成了凸轮廓线的改进,改进之后的凸轮机构加速度明显减小。给出了两种基于凸轮轮廓的平行分度凸轮机构运动规律的反求方法,并以模切机中的平行分度凸轮机构为算例,验证了反求算法的有效性。
对力锁合凸轮和从动件系统的分离过程进行了动力学分析,为了避免从动件跳起,建立了动力学模型,进行了锁合弹簧的刚度和预紧力的求解,得出了合适的弹簧刚度。在考虑弹流润滑等因素的基础上,求解了最小油膜厚度,把油膜假设为一个质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,探讨了油膜的存在对凸轮机构的影响。
Automatic die-cutting machine is one of the most important equipments in printing industry, high speed, high precision and high efficiency have become the important trend of it. In this paper, kinematics and dynamics of cam mechanism and die-cutting mechanism in die-cutting machine are studied and some measures are carried out in order to improve it's performance.
First, dual-elbow-bar mechanism is the core component as the die-cutting mechanism. It's mechanical function will directly affect the working ability. This paper introduces a method of it’s kinematic analysis based on Product of Exponentials Formula. By using this method, kinematic analysis of dual-elbow-bar mechanism in die-cutting machine is carried out and kinematic equations are built. The Virtual Prototyping model of dual-elbow-bar mechanism is also built with ADAMS, kinematic and dynamic simulation are also given. The angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration and the corresponding curves of each component in a motion period are obtained. The results agree with the analysis based on Product of Exponentials Formula. The optimum design with three variables is carried out, it can be seen that the kinematics performance of it is improved clearly. An innovative die-cutting mechanism drived by dual-cam mechanism is designed. And then taking into account the clearance between the linkage and crank, the analysis of kinematic and dynamic is given.
On the basis of kinematic analyzing, virtual prototyping model of cam mechanism is built with ADAMS. Motion characteristic of cam is carried out, after the motion rule is analyzed, MS motion rule is chosen, and according to it better cam profile is designed. The dynamic performance of cam mechanism is improved. Meanwhile, the C program which is used to improve the motion characteristic of cam is developed. Two method are carried out to decide motion rule if Parallel Indexing Cam profile is known, an example is given. The follower seperation is a major impediment to the increase of operating speed of force-closed cam mechanisms. A mathematical model is developed for analyzing the critical time of follower seperation. The proper preload and stiffness of spring is obtained. The oil film between the camshaft and follower surfaces can be regarded as a system with mass, spring and damping. The film thickness, the equivalent stiffness of the film and the dynamic model of cam mechanisms are considered.
双肘杆机构作为应用最普遍的模压机构,对模切机的性能有重要影响。本文用基于旋量理论的指数积公式建立并求解了其运动学模型,得出了各构件的位移、速度、加速度等运动参数及曲线。建立了双肘杆机构的虚拟样机模型,并针对模压平台左右晃动等问题,以模压平台的最大倾斜程度为目标函数,对其进行了优化设计。考虑双肘杆机构中的运动副间隙等非线性因素,建立动力学模型,得出了不同间隙、不同转速时模压平台的动力学响应,并分析了这些参数对动力学响应的影响。采用凸轮驱动机构代替双肘杆机构进行创新设计,使模压机构的动态性能有了明显改进。
对模切机中各种平面凸轮机构建立了运动学模型,通过求解从动件运动参数和曲线,发现存在加速度波动比较大等问题,因此选取理想的运动规律,并开发了凸轮廓线改进程序,完成了凸轮廓线的改进,改进之后的凸轮机构加速度明显减小。给出了两种基于凸轮轮廓的平行分度凸轮机构运动规律的反求方法,并以模切机中的平行分度凸轮机构为算例,验证了反求算法的有效性。
对力锁合凸轮和从动件系统的分离过程进行了动力学分析,为了避免从动件跳起,建立了动力学模型,进行了锁合弹簧的刚度和预紧力的求解,得出了合适的弹簧刚度。在考虑弹流润滑等因素的基础上,求解了最小油膜厚度,把油膜假设为一个质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,探讨了油膜的存在对凸轮机构的影响。
Automatic die-cutting machine is one of the most important equipments in printing industry, high speed, high precision and high efficiency have become the important trend of it. In this paper, kinematics and dynamics of cam mechanism and die-cutting mechanism in die-cutting machine are studied and some measures are carried out in order to improve it's performance.
First, dual-elbow-bar mechanism is the core component as the die-cutting mechanism. It's mechanical function will directly affect the working ability. This paper introduces a method of it’s kinematic analysis based on Product of Exponentials Formula. By using this method, kinematic analysis of dual-elbow-bar mechanism in die-cutting machine is carried out and kinematic equations are built. The Virtual Prototyping model of dual-elbow-bar mechanism is also built with ADAMS, kinematic and dynamic simulation are also given. The angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration and the corresponding curves of each component in a motion period are obtained. The results agree with the analysis based on Product of Exponentials Formula. The optimum design with three variables is carried out, it can be seen that the kinematics performance of it is improved clearly. An innovative die-cutting mechanism drived by dual-cam mechanism is designed. And then taking into account the clearance between the linkage and crank, the analysis of kinematic and dynamic is given.
On the basis of kinematic analyzing, virtual prototyping model of cam mechanism is built with ADAMS. Motion characteristic of cam is carried out, after the motion rule is analyzed, MS motion rule is chosen, and according to it better cam profile is designed. The dynamic performance of cam mechanism is improved. Meanwhile, the C program which is used to improve the motion characteristic of cam is developed. Two method are carried out to decide motion rule if Parallel Indexing Cam profile is known, an example is given. The follower seperation is a major impediment to the increase of operating speed of force-closed cam mechanisms. A mathematical model is developed for analyzing the critical time of follower seperation. The proper preload and stiffness of spring is obtained. The oil film between the camshaft and follower surfaces can be regarded as a system with mass, spring and damping. The film thickness, the equivalent stiffness of the film and the dynamic model of cam mechanisms are considered.
引文
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[2]韩晓良.我国模切机发展现状.今日印刷,2005,1:12-15
[3]孙彪.自动平压模切机主要机构对模切质量的影响.印刷杂志,2006,7:60-62
[4]王芳,张海燕.浅谈模切机的主要机构对模切机质量的影响.印刷杂志,2003,12:63-65
[5]郭冠敏,张选生,成刚虎.卧式平压平模切机的间歇机构与定位机构浅析.印刷杂志,2005,5:54-58
[6]杨玉虎,陆锡年.一分度平行分度凸轮机构设计,天津大学学报,1996,29(1):44-50
[7]张选生,成刚虎,等.自动模切机间歇机构的建模,北京印刷学院学报,2006,14(1):15-17
[8]张策,杨玉虎.跃度连续的通用简谐梯形组合凸轮曲线,大连轻工学院学报,1995,14(3):8-15
[9] Koster, M.P. Vibrations of Cam Mechanism, 1974, MacMillan Press
[10]张玉华.新型平行分度凸轮机构的综合与仿真,机械科学与技术,2004,23(8):919-922
[11]杨广义,成刚虎.平面复杂机构运动分析的一种搜索算法.包装工程,2003,24(4):29-31
[12]张选生,柴三中.用回路法分析自动模切机双肘杆机构.包装工程,2005,12:51-57
[13]李桂红.模切机主切机构参数化设计及其优化的研究.西安理工大学硕士论文, 2004.
[14]成刚虎,柴三中,张选声.模切机施压机构的运动特性分析与优化设计.西安理工大学学报,2006,22(3):249-252
[15]谢继光,邹慧君.自动平压平模切机双肘杆机构动态分析.机械设计与研究. 2005,21(3):75-78
[16]刘尊义.模切机肘杆机构的优化设计及有限元分析.北京工业大学硕士论文, 2003
[17]李桂红、成刚虎.平压模切机构及其运动协调性的分析研究,包装与食品机械. 2003,21(5):5-7
[18]杨广义.全自动平压平模切机的模切压力分析.包装与食品机械.2004,22(1):20-22
[19]张玲.基于ANSYS的自动模切机主机墙板的应力分析和结构优化.中国制造业信息化,2006,35(11):60-63
[20]王西珍.全自动平压平模切机肘杆机构精度分析及可靠性设计.西安理工大学硕士论文,2006
[21] Tsay D M .Huey C O Jr.Cam motion synthesis using spline functions [J].Trans.ASME. J.of Mechanisms.Transmlssions.and Automation in Design.1988,1l0(2):161-l65
[22] Tsay D M .Huey C O j r.Application of rational B—splines to the synthesis of cam follower motion programs[j].Trans.ASME.J.of M ech.Des.1993.1l5(I1):621-626
[23]葛正浩,杨芙莲.凸轮机构通用样条函数运动规律的研究.机械科学与技术,2002,21(5):783-785
[24]高江红.凸轮机构从动件运动规律的设计.机械设计,2006,2:45-47
[25]肖乾,周新建.凸轮机构的计算机辅助设计与运动仿真分析.华东交通大学学报,2006,23(4):103-105
[26]姚海蓉.平面凸轮设计及运动仿真系统的研究.中国农业大学硕士论文,2004
[27]葛正浩,刘宏昭,杨芙莲,彭国勋.凸轮连杆机构弹性动力学模型.机械设计,2000,1:15-18
[28]王淑坤,姜永武.浅析如何解决高速凸轮机构的常见动力学问题.机械设计与制造,2003,3:87-88
[29]冯志华,兰向军.弹性凸轮系统参激振动稳定性分析.机械工程学报,2001,37(3):93-97
[30] Livija Cveticanin.Stability of motion of the cam–follower system. Mechanism and Machine Theory 42 (2007) :1238–1250
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