企业内部知识流动网络分析
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摘要
知识创造价值的重要方式在于知识的流动和分享,而知识在企业中实现充分共享的前提是知识能在企业中有效的流动。企业获取竞争优势的关键,不是企业拥有的静态知识存量,而是企业能够促进知识有效流动的能力。企业中的知识流动研究受到越来越多研究者和实践工作者的关注,本文研究正是在这一背景下提出的。研究着力解决的问题:从何角度能够全面完整的描述企业中知识流动的运行机制和内在规律?用什么方法来描述和分析企业中知识流动的状况?如何定量评估企业中知识流动的有效性?如何有针对性地改进企业知识流动的薄弱环节,促进知识的有效流动?这些看似独立的问题其实有着内在的联系,需要选取一个合适的视角,在一个系统的理论框架下一一解决。
本文在企业这一特定的组织形式下,结合企业中知识流动以企业成员间社会网绍为路径呈现网络化结构的特点,通过分析企业中知识流动网络的形成和运行机制,构建了一个企业内部知识流动网络理论框架,以此框架为研究基础,以企业内部知识流动网络为研究对象,展开企业内部知识流动的定量分析和优化研究。企业本身所具有的组织特性和社会网络特性使得网络结构下的企业内部知识流动与一般的知识流动相比变得更为复杂。同时也由于这种复杂性使得在这一理论框架下的企业内的知识流动研究与以往的知识流动问题研究相比具有更为深远的理论意义和现实意义。
在建立企业内部知识流动网络的理论框架的基础上,论文的研究工作围绕对企业内部知识流动网络的分析展开,具体包括以下几个方面:
(1)基于社会网络分析方法的企业内部知识流动网络量化描述和分析。通过获取成员间知识联结关系数据建立企业内部知识流动网络结构模型,利用分析软件Ucinet生成网络图,实现对企业内部知识流动网络的量化描述。进行成员间知识联结强度测度及网络结构的定量分析,根据分析结果判断网络运行状况。以某高新技术企业为背景进行实例研究,对该企业以“问题解决”为内容的知识流动网络进行量化分析,发现该企业知识流动和共享过程存在的问题。
(2)用复杂网络的理论与方法对企业内部知识流动网络进行动力学分析,研究网络结构与功能之间的关系。考虑网络加权特征构建基于加权小世界网络的企业内部知识流动网络演化模型。模型揭示了企业内部知识流动网络的形成和演化机制,同时引入网络效率和网络成本两个全局特征量衡量整个网络知识流动的有效性。利用Matlab语言对模型进行模拟分析,模拟结果证实了企业内部知识流动网络具有小世界效应,同时利用模拟结果实现对企业内部知识流动网络效率的定量分析。
(3)以提高网络有效性为目标,提出定量优化方法实现对企业内部知识流动网络的优化。评估现有企业内部知识流动网络的效率值及成本值,通过调节网络结构参数p和k预测出参数的调节目标值,识别和改善网络中不合理的知识节点和知识团体,经过一个持续改善过程使网络结构参数值与目标值吻合。提出设计高效企业内部知识流动网络系统的思路,从知识节点、知识团体、网络整体结构三个层次提出能够提高企业内部知识流动网络有效性的途径。
The flow and share of knowledge is the important manner for value created by knowledge. Further more, to implementing the sufficiently knowledge share is on the premise of effective flow of knowledge in enterprises. The key point for enterprises acquiring competition advantage is not the static knowledge, but the ability to accelerate effective knowledge transfer and flow. Now, the research on knowledge flow in enterprises is more and more popular for researchers and practitioners. This article raised from the background above. This research focus on solving several issues as below: How to fully describe the mechanism and inherence discipline of knowledge flow in enterprises from any points of view? How to quantificationally estimate the validity of knowledge flow in enterprises? How to improve the weakness of knowledge flow in enterprises to accelerate the effective flow? All of those seems independent, but actually have inherence relationship. It had better select a proper angle, and solve those issues under a systematical theory frame.
A knowledge flow network theory system is constructed based on 'society relationship' research paradigm in this article, under which deeply research is expanded on knowledge flow within enterprises. Enterprise itself combines with both organization characters and social network characters, which make the complicated of knowledge flow in enterprise under network structure. Meanwhile, under that theory system, this complexity makes the research on knowledge flow within enterprises with more significance on theory and reality than ever before. Except the foundation of theory system for explaining the mechanism of knowledge flow within enterprises, the research also contains several aspects as below:
(1) Quantity analyses and description are performed on internal knowledge flow network of enterprises through social network analysis. Based on the constitution of network structure model, Quantity analyses and description are carried out on estimation the strength of knowledge ties between nodes and the internal knowledge flow network structure of enterprises. The result of quantity analyses will be used to estimate the movement situation of knowledge flow network within enterprises. A case study is carried through taking a high technology company as the background. The case analyzes knowledge flow network of the company based on the 'problem-solution' principle, and finds the weakness of knowledge flow and share within this company.
(2) Grounded on the theory and method of complex network, an investigation in network dynamic analysis of internal knowledge flow network of enterprises is carried on, to study the relationship between network structure and network function. According to the features of knowledge flow network, the weighted network evolution model is constructed. The model introduces two parameters, network efficiency and network cost, to evaluate the validity of whole internal knowledge flow network of enterprises. Carried on the simulation analysis using the Matlab language to the model, the analysis result confirmed the internal knowledge flow network of enterprises has "small world effect", simultaneously the model is used to realize the study on efficienty of internal knowledge flow network within enterprises.
(3) Taking the improvement of network validity as the goal, this article put forward concrete method to realize the quantity optimization of internal knowledge flow network of enterprises. Evaluating the present efficiency and cost of network, regulateing network structure parameters named p and k to calculate their regulation target value, identifing and improving the immoderate knowledge nodes and knowledge cliques in the network to make the value of p and k coincide with their target value. Put forward an idea to set up an internal knowledge flow network system with high validity, then from threel aspects of the knowledge nodes, the knowledge cliques, the whole network structure to propose the corresponding optimization ways.
本文在企业这一特定的组织形式下,结合企业中知识流动以企业成员间社会网绍为路径呈现网络化结构的特点,通过分析企业中知识流动网络的形成和运行机制,构建了一个企业内部知识流动网络理论框架,以此框架为研究基础,以企业内部知识流动网络为研究对象,展开企业内部知识流动的定量分析和优化研究。企业本身所具有的组织特性和社会网络特性使得网络结构下的企业内部知识流动与一般的知识流动相比变得更为复杂。同时也由于这种复杂性使得在这一理论框架下的企业内的知识流动研究与以往的知识流动问题研究相比具有更为深远的理论意义和现实意义。
在建立企业内部知识流动网络的理论框架的基础上,论文的研究工作围绕对企业内部知识流动网络的分析展开,具体包括以下几个方面:
(1)基于社会网络分析方法的企业内部知识流动网络量化描述和分析。通过获取成员间知识联结关系数据建立企业内部知识流动网络结构模型,利用分析软件Ucinet生成网络图,实现对企业内部知识流动网络的量化描述。进行成员间知识联结强度测度及网络结构的定量分析,根据分析结果判断网络运行状况。以某高新技术企业为背景进行实例研究,对该企业以“问题解决”为内容的知识流动网络进行量化分析,发现该企业知识流动和共享过程存在的问题。
(2)用复杂网络的理论与方法对企业内部知识流动网络进行动力学分析,研究网络结构与功能之间的关系。考虑网络加权特征构建基于加权小世界网络的企业内部知识流动网络演化模型。模型揭示了企业内部知识流动网络的形成和演化机制,同时引入网络效率和网络成本两个全局特征量衡量整个网络知识流动的有效性。利用Matlab语言对模型进行模拟分析,模拟结果证实了企业内部知识流动网络具有小世界效应,同时利用模拟结果实现对企业内部知识流动网络效率的定量分析。
(3)以提高网络有效性为目标,提出定量优化方法实现对企业内部知识流动网络的优化。评估现有企业内部知识流动网络的效率值及成本值,通过调节网络结构参数p和k预测出参数的调节目标值,识别和改善网络中不合理的知识节点和知识团体,经过一个持续改善过程使网络结构参数值与目标值吻合。提出设计高效企业内部知识流动网络系统的思路,从知识节点、知识团体、网络整体结构三个层次提出能够提高企业内部知识流动网络有效性的途径。
The flow and share of knowledge is the important manner for value created by knowledge. Further more, to implementing the sufficiently knowledge share is on the premise of effective flow of knowledge in enterprises. The key point for enterprises acquiring competition advantage is not the static knowledge, but the ability to accelerate effective knowledge transfer and flow. Now, the research on knowledge flow in enterprises is more and more popular for researchers and practitioners. This article raised from the background above. This research focus on solving several issues as below: How to fully describe the mechanism and inherence discipline of knowledge flow in enterprises from any points of view? How to quantificationally estimate the validity of knowledge flow in enterprises? How to improve the weakness of knowledge flow in enterprises to accelerate the effective flow? All of those seems independent, but actually have inherence relationship. It had better select a proper angle, and solve those issues under a systematical theory frame.
A knowledge flow network theory system is constructed based on 'society relationship' research paradigm in this article, under which deeply research is expanded on knowledge flow within enterprises. Enterprise itself combines with both organization characters and social network characters, which make the complicated of knowledge flow in enterprise under network structure. Meanwhile, under that theory system, this complexity makes the research on knowledge flow within enterprises with more significance on theory and reality than ever before. Except the foundation of theory system for explaining the mechanism of knowledge flow within enterprises, the research also contains several aspects as below:
(1) Quantity analyses and description are performed on internal knowledge flow network of enterprises through social network analysis. Based on the constitution of network structure model, Quantity analyses and description are carried out on estimation the strength of knowledge ties between nodes and the internal knowledge flow network structure of enterprises. The result of quantity analyses will be used to estimate the movement situation of knowledge flow network within enterprises. A case study is carried through taking a high technology company as the background. The case analyzes knowledge flow network of the company based on the 'problem-solution' principle, and finds the weakness of knowledge flow and share within this company.
(2) Grounded on the theory and method of complex network, an investigation in network dynamic analysis of internal knowledge flow network of enterprises is carried on, to study the relationship between network structure and network function. According to the features of knowledge flow network, the weighted network evolution model is constructed. The model introduces two parameters, network efficiency and network cost, to evaluate the validity of whole internal knowledge flow network of enterprises. Carried on the simulation analysis using the Matlab language to the model, the analysis result confirmed the internal knowledge flow network of enterprises has "small world effect", simultaneously the model is used to realize the study on efficienty of internal knowledge flow network within enterprises.
(3) Taking the improvement of network validity as the goal, this article put forward concrete method to realize the quantity optimization of internal knowledge flow network of enterprises. Evaluating the present efficiency and cost of network, regulateing network structure parameters named p and k to calculate their regulation target value, identifing and improving the immoderate knowledge nodes and knowledge cliques in the network to make the value of p and k coincide with their target value. Put forward an idea to set up an internal knowledge flow network system with high validity, then from threel aspects of the knowledge nodes, the knowledge cliques, the whole network structure to propose the corresponding optimization ways.
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