铁路轨道几何不平顺变化特征及其预测模型研究
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摘要
轨道几何平顺状态是轨道结构部件综合性能的表现,直接反映了轨道质量状态的优劣。研究随列车重复载荷作用下的轨道几何不平顺变化特征,并构建科学合理的预测模型实现对轨道线路病害的预测及维修计划的编制,对于指导工务科学管理、保障行车安全具有重要意义。
在分析国内外轨道几何不平顺变化研究及预测理论的基础上,本文以轨道几何不平顺变化特征及构建轨道不平顺预测模型为重点进行了研究。首先,综述了轨道几何不平顺项目及数据来源,并针对轨检车检测数据存在的质量问题,提出了相应的解决方法；其次,利用积累的实际检测数据,分析了轨道几何不平顺变化的波形特征、周期性特征以及发展恶化速率特征,并得出了相关结论；第三,基于轨道几何不平顺变化特征,借鉴综合因子法的预测思路,构建了轨道局部不平顺综合因子预测模型,并利用实际数据验证了模型的预测精度；最后,提出了基于预测的建议维修计划编制策略及编制依据,给出了建议维修计划的编制实例,并利用计算机实现了模型的预测和应用。
轨道几何不平顺的变化特征揭示了轨道状态变化的一般规律,本文应用大量的轨道检测数据进行了分析总结,以此为理论基础提出的轨道局部不平顺综合因子预测模型经实例验证具有较好的精度,并且在计算机编制建议维修计划方面做了初步的尝试。这对于下一步进行轨道养护管理辅助决策的研究必将产生积极的推动作用。
Rail track geometric irregularities are the concrete embodiment of track structure deterioration, and give an expression to the comprehensive performance of track members. Therefore, study on variation characteristics of track geometric irregularity caused by repetitive trainloads, and develop feasible prediction models to predict track deterioration in future so as to decide preventive maintenance plans, are of great significance to assisting governor decision-making and safeguarding the transportation.
Based on existing theories of track geometry irregularity deterioration and prediction, this paper laid an emphasis on the study of variation characteristics and tried to establish a feasible prediction model. First, this paper introduced items of track geometry irregularities, and proposed computer techniques for track inspection data correction. Second, with plentiful track inspection data, variation characteristics of track irregularity waveform, periodic deterioration, and track irregularity deterioration rate were analyzed, and valuable conclusions were given correspondingly. Then, using these conclusions as reference, and inspired by the thought of integrating factor method for prediction, we developed an improved track geometric irregularity integrating factor prediction model, and applied this model to estimated track irregularity growth in Beijing-Shanghai railway, evaluation results verified high accuracy of this model. Finally, this paper put forward the strategies and relative theories for suggested maintenance planning, and showed the monthly suggested plans for April,2009 in Beijing-Shanghai railway as example. In addition, a practical software was programmed so as to provide useful tools for prediction and decision-making.
Variation characteristics of track geometric irregularity reveal the general regularity of track deterioration. This paper has made a comprehensive analysis and developed a new track geometric irregularity prediction model, which has been verified with high accuracy. Furthermore, the software programmed in this paper offers the first step into computer aided track maintenance planning. All of these studies will certainly play positive and promotive roles in guiding rail track maintenance and assisting governor decision-making.
在分析国内外轨道几何不平顺变化研究及预测理论的基础上,本文以轨道几何不平顺变化特征及构建轨道不平顺预测模型为重点进行了研究。首先,综述了轨道几何不平顺项目及数据来源,并针对轨检车检测数据存在的质量问题,提出了相应的解决方法；其次,利用积累的实际检测数据,分析了轨道几何不平顺变化的波形特征、周期性特征以及发展恶化速率特征,并得出了相关结论；第三,基于轨道几何不平顺变化特征,借鉴综合因子法的预测思路,构建了轨道局部不平顺综合因子预测模型,并利用实际数据验证了模型的预测精度；最后,提出了基于预测的建议维修计划编制策略及编制依据,给出了建议维修计划的编制实例,并利用计算机实现了模型的预测和应用。
轨道几何不平顺的变化特征揭示了轨道状态变化的一般规律,本文应用大量的轨道检测数据进行了分析总结,以此为理论基础提出的轨道局部不平顺综合因子预测模型经实例验证具有较好的精度,并且在计算机编制建议维修计划方面做了初步的尝试。这对于下一步进行轨道养护管理辅助决策的研究必将产生积极的推动作用。
Rail track geometric irregularities are the concrete embodiment of track structure deterioration, and give an expression to the comprehensive performance of track members. Therefore, study on variation characteristics of track geometric irregularity caused by repetitive trainloads, and develop feasible prediction models to predict track deterioration in future so as to decide preventive maintenance plans, are of great significance to assisting governor decision-making and safeguarding the transportation.
Based on existing theories of track geometry irregularity deterioration and prediction, this paper laid an emphasis on the study of variation characteristics and tried to establish a feasible prediction model. First, this paper introduced items of track geometry irregularities, and proposed computer techniques for track inspection data correction. Second, with plentiful track inspection data, variation characteristics of track irregularity waveform, periodic deterioration, and track irregularity deterioration rate were analyzed, and valuable conclusions were given correspondingly. Then, using these conclusions as reference, and inspired by the thought of integrating factor method for prediction, we developed an improved track geometric irregularity integrating factor prediction model, and applied this model to estimated track irregularity growth in Beijing-Shanghai railway, evaluation results verified high accuracy of this model. Finally, this paper put forward the strategies and relative theories for suggested maintenance planning, and showed the monthly suggested plans for April,2009 in Beijing-Shanghai railway as example. In addition, a practical software was programmed so as to provide useful tools for prediction and decision-making.
Variation characteristics of track geometric irregularity reveal the general regularity of track deterioration. This paper has made a comprehensive analysis and developed a new track geometric irregularity prediction model, which has been verified with high accuracy. Furthermore, the software programmed in this paper offers the first step into computer aided track maintenance planning. All of these studies will certainly play positive and promotive roles in guiding rail track maintenance and assisting governor decision-making.
引文
[1]罗林,张格明,吴旺青,柴雪松.轮轨系统轨道平顺状态的控制[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.
[2]中华人民共和国铁道部.中长期铁路网规划(2008年调整)[OL].http://www. china-mor. gov. cn/tllwjs/tlwgh_6. html.
[3]铁道部统计中心.中华人民共和国铁道部2009年铁道统计公报[OL].http://www. china-mor. gov. cn/zwgk/gongbao2009. html.
[4]范钦爱.《中国铁路线路修理新体系》[J].铁路工程.2007,9：36-37.
[5]康高亮.承载辉煌成就布局2010年铁路线路维修养护发展新蓝图[OL].http://www. worldrailway. cn/TEBIECEHUA/wjtb/201002/78174_3. html.
[6]Railway Technical Research Institute. Overview of RTRI[OL]. http://www. rtri. or. jp/rtri/rtri_E. html.
[7]佐藤吉彦.新轨道力学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[8]杉山德平,家田仁.轨道狂ぃ状态を考虑した轨道破坏の要因分析[J].铁道线路.1986,34(9)：8-12.
[9]杉山德平.保线6支区て调查した轨道破坏と轨道补修作业量の关系解析[J].铁道线路.1980,28(2)：68-73.
[10]#12
[11]伊藤孝之.铁道路基贯入现象相关理论研究[R].岐阜工业高等专门学校纪要,1995.
[12]Uchida, M., Morimoto, M. et al. Actual Status of Track Irregularity Growth at High-speed Line of Narrow gauge and Verification of the Estimating Method[J]. RTRI Report.1991,12(3).
[13]Miwa, M., Ishikawa, T. and Oyama, T. Modeling the Transition Process of Railway Track Irregularity and All Integer Mathematical Programming Model Analyses for Making Optimal Track Maintenance Schedule[J]. Journals of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers.2001, IV-52(681):51-65.
[14]Akihito KAWAGUCHI, Masashi MIWA, Koichiro TERADA. Actual Data Analysis of Alignment Irregularity Growth and its Predition Model[J]. QR of RTRI. 2005,46(4):262-268.
[15]许心越.基于轨检车检测数据的轨道状态预测模型研究[D].北京交通大学,2007.
[16]许玉德.轨道不平顺预测理论及辅助决策系统的研究[D].北京交通大学,2003.
[17]Coenraad esveld. Modern railway track[M]. Delft University of Technology,1989.
[18]罗林.重载线路的轨道不平顺及管理[R].重载运输的发展与展望.1993.
[19]张格明.我国准高速线路轨道不平顺的影响及控制[R].TY1158-1，1998.
[20]何永春.铁路轨道高低不平顺的预测及其应用研究[D].上海铁道大学,1998.
[21]翟婉明.车辆—轨道耦合动力学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2002.
[22]高建敏,翟婉明,徐涌,陈东生.既有干线轨道不平顺区段管理长度分析[J].铁道建
筑.2009,5：105-108.
[23]高建敏,翟婉明,徐涌.铁路有砟轨道下沉及高低不平顺发展预测研究[J].中国铁道科学.2009,6(30)：132-134.
[24]高建敏,翟婉明.铁路有砟轨道下沉破坏研究进展[J].铁道学报.2008,5(30)：97-104.
[25]许玉德,吴纪才.利用线性预测模型分析轨道不平顺发展[J].石家庄铁道学院学报.2005,1(18)：6-9.
[26]周宇,许玉德,李浩然.轨道不平顺非线性预测模型[J].交通运输工程学报.2004,4：21-24.
[27]王建西,李海锋,许玉德.基于概率分布推移变化的铁路轨道几何状态评价与预测方法[J].中国铁道科学.2008,5(29)：31-34.
[28]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路线路修理规则[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.
[29]中华人民共和国铁道部铁路线路修理规则条文说明[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.
[30]Martin Lindahl. Track geometry of high-speed railways[M]. Stockholm:Railway Technology,2001.
[31]乔振华.由行车事故引发的几点思考[J].铁道运输与经济.2005,3(27)：66-67.
[32]向俊,曾庆元.轨道三角坑对列车脱轨安全性影响分析[J].长沙铁道学院学报.2001,1(19)：4-8.
[33]乔小雷.轨检车检测技术的比较研究[J].城市轨道交通研究.2009,6：33-39.
[34]王青波.利用轨检车检测资料指导现场维修[J].山西建筑.2009,26(35)：334-335.
[35]徐鹏.铁路线路轨道动态不平顺变化特征研究[D].北京交通大学,2008.
[36]张曙光,康熊,刘秀波.京津城际铁路轨道不平顺谱特征分析[J].中国铁道科学.2008,5(29)：25-30.
[37]周正,赵国堂.轨道质量指数计算问题的探讨[J].中国铁道科学.2003,3(24)：64-68.
[38]钟进军.轨道平顺状态均值管理的理论与应用探讨[J].上海铁道科技.2008,3：20-22.
[39]陈宪麦,王澜,陶夏新,崔高航.基于小波分析理论的轨道不平顺分析[J].铁道工程学报.2008,1：57-61.
[40]曲铭,许玉德.基于小波的列车加速度和轨道不平顺关系分析[J].华东交通大学学报.2008,5(25)：36-41.
[41]俞峰,李庆鸿,戴月辉.小波变换及其在轨道检测中的应用[J].铁道标准设计.2002,7：5-8.
[42]汤国防.轨检车数据分析系统设计与实现[D].北京交通大学,2008.
[43]邓聚龙.灰系统理论[M].武汉：华中科学大学出版社,2002.
[44]陈宪麦,王澜,杨凤春,柴雪松,吴旺青.用于铁路轨道不平顺预测的综合因子法[J].中国铁道科学.2006,6(27)：27-31.
[45]徐鹏,郭然,汤国防,常欢.京沪线下行K645+500到K657+500区段轨道不平顺预测结果分析报告[R].北京交通大学,2010.
[2]中华人民共和国铁道部.中长期铁路网规划(2008年调整)[OL].http://www. china-mor. gov. cn/tllwjs/tlwgh_6. html.
[3]铁道部统计中心.中华人民共和国铁道部2009年铁道统计公报[OL].http://www. china-mor. gov. cn/zwgk/gongbao2009. html.
[4]范钦爱.《中国铁路线路修理新体系》[J].铁路工程.2007,9：36-37.
[5]康高亮.承载辉煌成就布局2010年铁路线路维修养护发展新蓝图[OL].http://www. worldrailway. cn/TEBIECEHUA/wjtb/201002/78174_3. html.
[6]Railway Technical Research Institute. Overview of RTRI[OL]. http://www. rtri. or. jp/rtri/rtri_E. html.
[7]佐藤吉彦.新轨道力学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[8]杉山德平,家田仁.轨道狂ぃ状态を考虑した轨道破坏の要因分析[J].铁道线路.1986,34(9)：8-12.
[9]杉山德平.保线6支区て调查した轨道破坏と轨道补修作业量の关系解析[J].铁道线路.1980,28(2)：68-73.
[10]#12
[11]伊藤孝之.铁道路基贯入现象相关理论研究[R].岐阜工业高等专门学校纪要,1995.
[12]Uchida, M., Morimoto, M. et al. Actual Status of Track Irregularity Growth at High-speed Line of Narrow gauge and Verification of the Estimating Method[J]. RTRI Report.1991,12(3).
[13]Miwa, M., Ishikawa, T. and Oyama, T. Modeling the Transition Process of Railway Track Irregularity and All Integer Mathematical Programming Model Analyses for Making Optimal Track Maintenance Schedule[J]. Journals of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers.2001, IV-52(681):51-65.
[14]Akihito KAWAGUCHI, Masashi MIWA, Koichiro TERADA. Actual Data Analysis of Alignment Irregularity Growth and its Predition Model[J]. QR of RTRI. 2005,46(4):262-268.
[15]许心越.基于轨检车检测数据的轨道状态预测模型研究[D].北京交通大学,2007.
[16]许玉德.轨道不平顺预测理论及辅助决策系统的研究[D].北京交通大学,2003.
[17]Coenraad esveld. Modern railway track[M]. Delft University of Technology,1989.
[18]罗林.重载线路的轨道不平顺及管理[R].重载运输的发展与展望.1993.
[19]张格明.我国准高速线路轨道不平顺的影响及控制[R].TY1158-1，1998.
[20]何永春.铁路轨道高低不平顺的预测及其应用研究[D].上海铁道大学,1998.
[21]翟婉明.车辆—轨道耦合动力学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2002.
[22]高建敏,翟婉明,徐涌,陈东生.既有干线轨道不平顺区段管理长度分析[J].铁道建
筑.2009,5：105-108.
[23]高建敏,翟婉明,徐涌.铁路有砟轨道下沉及高低不平顺发展预测研究[J].中国铁道科学.2009,6(30)：132-134.
[24]高建敏,翟婉明.铁路有砟轨道下沉破坏研究进展[J].铁道学报.2008,5(30)：97-104.
[25]许玉德,吴纪才.利用线性预测模型分析轨道不平顺发展[J].石家庄铁道学院学报.2005,1(18)：6-9.
[26]周宇,许玉德,李浩然.轨道不平顺非线性预测模型[J].交通运输工程学报.2004,4：21-24.
[27]王建西,李海锋,许玉德.基于概率分布推移变化的铁路轨道几何状态评价与预测方法[J].中国铁道科学.2008,5(29)：31-34.
[28]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路线路修理规则[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.
[29]中华人民共和国铁道部铁路线路修理规则条文说明[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.
[30]Martin Lindahl. Track geometry of high-speed railways[M]. Stockholm:Railway Technology,2001.
[31]乔振华.由行车事故引发的几点思考[J].铁道运输与经济.2005,3(27)：66-67.
[32]向俊,曾庆元.轨道三角坑对列车脱轨安全性影响分析[J].长沙铁道学院学报.2001,1(19)：4-8.
[33]乔小雷.轨检车检测技术的比较研究[J].城市轨道交通研究.2009,6：33-39.
[34]王青波.利用轨检车检测资料指导现场维修[J].山西建筑.2009,26(35)：334-335.
[35]徐鹏.铁路线路轨道动态不平顺变化特征研究[D].北京交通大学,2008.
[36]张曙光,康熊,刘秀波.京津城际铁路轨道不平顺谱特征分析[J].中国铁道科学.2008,5(29)：25-30.
[37]周正,赵国堂.轨道质量指数计算问题的探讨[J].中国铁道科学.2003,3(24)：64-68.
[38]钟进军.轨道平顺状态均值管理的理论与应用探讨[J].上海铁道科技.2008,3：20-22.
[39]陈宪麦,王澜,陶夏新,崔高航.基于小波分析理论的轨道不平顺分析[J].铁道工程学报.2008,1：57-61.
[40]曲铭,许玉德.基于小波的列车加速度和轨道不平顺关系分析[J].华东交通大学学报.2008,5(25)：36-41.
[41]俞峰,李庆鸿,戴月辉.小波变换及其在轨道检测中的应用[J].铁道标准设计.2002,7：5-8.
[42]汤国防.轨检车数据分析系统设计与实现[D].北京交通大学,2008.
[43]邓聚龙.灰系统理论[M].武汉：华中科学大学出版社,2002.
[44]陈宪麦,王澜,杨凤春,柴雪松,吴旺青.用于铁路轨道不平顺预测的综合因子法[J].中国铁道科学.2006,6(27)：27-31.
[45]徐鹏,郭然,汤国防,常欢.京沪线下行K645+500到K657+500区段轨道不平顺预测结果分析报告[R].北京交通大学,2010.