基于GPS的车载终端的研究与实现
摘要
随着GPS(Global Positioning System)的普及和技术的成熟,利用GPS技术对汽车进行定位导航已经被人们普遍认可。在此背景下,该论文以车载终端的研制为主要内容,完成了GPS/GSM(Global System for Mobile communication)车辆监控系统的整体框架设计,和车载定位终端详细研制。最后对车辆监控定位的相关技术做了展望。
车载定位终端的主要功能是:接收机利用GPS信号,得到车辆的即时位置(经度、纬度、海拔)信息,并将此位置信息通过短消息形式发送至监控中心。在监控中心集成GIS(Geographic Information System)地图的基础上,依靠接收到的短消息中的定位信息完成对车辆的精确监控和定位。GPS定位虽然定位精度高,但考虑到它存在盲点较多的缺陷,该论文又据此设计了一种通过GSM网络定位对GPS定位进行补偿的方案,从而有效地克服了GPS定位盲点多的缺点。
论文主要在以下方面作了大量工作:
1.通过详尽分析GPS和GSM两种技术各自的特点,确定采用GPS定位,定位信息通过GSM网络进行传输的方针。设计完成了一整套车辆监控系统的实施方案和整体系统框架,进而从软硬件两个方面进行车载定位终端的开发研制。
2.根据软硬件设计要求,通过实验选型,性能对比,选取89C52作为微控制器,结合GN-77N GPS·OEM板和TC35I模块完成了车载定位系统硬件电路的设计开发调试,编写调试了各功能软件。
3.由于GPS定位时存在盲点,如汽车行驶在林荫道、涵洞、进入车库等情况下,利用STK(SIM TOOL KIT)卡通过GSM网络实现辅助定位。经多次试验证明方法行之有效。
The technology of vehicle position is approved along with its development and popularizing. The major works of this thesis are studying Vehicle Mobile Positioning system, and devising the construct of GPS/GSM and some details such as the software and hardware composition.In the end, there are some forcasts for the technology of vehicle Mobile Positioning.
The master function of vehicle positioning follows:the receiver obtains the accurate geographical coordinate, azimuth, attitude and other navigation datas on the automobile by the GPS, then tansmit these information to monitoring center by the form of short news. The monitoring center fulfills the accurate positioning of vehicle depending on the contents of short news, which is based upon integrating the GIS (Geographic Information System) map in the monitoring center. Although GPS positioning is with high accuracy, it has some defects that reception can be blocked by obstacles between GPS receiver and satellites.For the sake of improving the technology, a scheme is designed in this paper that GPS positioning is compensated by the GSM network positioning.
The major works of this thesis are as follows:
1. The system scheme adopting GPS positioning and GSM network transmiting the positional informations is brought forward by analyzing detailedly the charactors of the GPS and GSM. The complete set of design on vehicle position system is finished, then the terminal vehicle position system is studied from the two aspects of software and hardware.
2. According to the requirement of the devising software and hardware, a 89C52 chip computer combining with GPS·OEMGN-77N board and TC35I module is choose to finish the devising of electric circuit by experiments and comparing the nature of model .
3. For existence of defect when GPS performing task, for example automobile travel in avenue, STK(SIM TOOL KIT) card improve accuracy of positioning by GSM network .after many times experiments the method is proved to be effective.
车载定位终端的主要功能是:接收机利用GPS信号,得到车辆的即时位置(经度、纬度、海拔)信息,并将此位置信息通过短消息形式发送至监控中心。在监控中心集成GIS(Geographic Information System)地图的基础上,依靠接收到的短消息中的定位信息完成对车辆的精确监控和定位。GPS定位虽然定位精度高,但考虑到它存在盲点较多的缺陷,该论文又据此设计了一种通过GSM网络定位对GPS定位进行补偿的方案,从而有效地克服了GPS定位盲点多的缺点。
论文主要在以下方面作了大量工作:
1.通过详尽分析GPS和GSM两种技术各自的特点,确定采用GPS定位,定位信息通过GSM网络进行传输的方针。设计完成了一整套车辆监控系统的实施方案和整体系统框架,进而从软硬件两个方面进行车载定位终端的开发研制。
2.根据软硬件设计要求,通过实验选型,性能对比,选取89C52作为微控制器,结合GN-77N GPS·OEM板和TC35I模块完成了车载定位系统硬件电路的设计开发调试,编写调试了各功能软件。
3.由于GPS定位时存在盲点,如汽车行驶在林荫道、涵洞、进入车库等情况下,利用STK(SIM TOOL KIT)卡通过GSM网络实现辅助定位。经多次试验证明方法行之有效。
The technology of vehicle position is approved along with its development and popularizing. The major works of this thesis are studying Vehicle Mobile Positioning system, and devising the construct of GPS/GSM and some details such as the software and hardware composition.In the end, there are some forcasts for the technology of vehicle Mobile Positioning.
The master function of vehicle positioning follows:the receiver obtains the accurate geographical coordinate, azimuth, attitude and other navigation datas on the automobile by the GPS, then tansmit these information to monitoring center by the form of short news. The monitoring center fulfills the accurate positioning of vehicle depending on the contents of short news, which is based upon integrating the GIS (Geographic Information System) map in the monitoring center. Although GPS positioning is with high accuracy, it has some defects that reception can be blocked by obstacles between GPS receiver and satellites.For the sake of improving the technology, a scheme is designed in this paper that GPS positioning is compensated by the GSM network positioning.
The major works of this thesis are as follows:
1. The system scheme adopting GPS positioning and GSM network transmiting the positional informations is brought forward by analyzing detailedly the charactors of the GPS and GSM. The complete set of design on vehicle position system is finished, then the terminal vehicle position system is studied from the two aspects of software and hardware.
2. According to the requirement of the devising software and hardware, a 89C52 chip computer combining with GPS·OEMGN-77N board and TC35I module is choose to finish the devising of electric circuit by experiments and comparing the nature of model .
3. For existence of defect when GPS performing task, for example automobile travel in avenue, STK(SIM TOOL KIT) card improve accuracy of positioning by GSM network .after many times experiments the method is proved to be effective.
引文
[1] 赫建忠,李维忠.国产车载 GPS 智能导航与定位管理系统.测绘通报, 2004,(12:19-23
[2] 沈健. GPS 快速定向仪技术:[工程硕士学位论文],长沙:国防科技大学,2003:10
[3] Huang,Sheng-Chung Tzeng,Wei-Ping Ma,etal.Intelligent solar-powered automobile-ventilation system. Applied Energy,2005,80:141
[4] 张向果.GIS、GPS 在车辆监控系统中的应用和研究:[硕士学位论文],吉林:吉林大学,2004
[5] 徐趁肖,陈军,朱衡君等.基于 GPS 的车辆导航监控系统研究.交通与计算机,2005 ,5:23
[6] 刘波,何云信,景世青.基于 GPS、RFID 的汽车防盗系统设计。大众科技,2005,11:99K.David
[7] 张力.宽带多媒体卫星通信系统的应用与发展.昆明:中国卫星通信广播电视系统应用研讨会资料汇编.2004,5:24
[8] 陈雷,丁晓明,赵惠芳等.GPS/GPRS 车辆监控系统中移动终端的开发.现代电信技术,2004,1:38
[9] 朱晓红,王晓平,程民利.GPS 智能车辆监控系统.技术论坛 2004,2:32~35
[10] 吴少淳.现代自动车辆定位系统的数据处理与传输研究.北京航空航天大学博士论文,2001,86
[11] http: //tech.sina.com.cn/t/2007-10-19/07261802366.shtml
[12] http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/junshi/907797.htm
[13] http://www.ocn.com.cn/reports/2006224GPSdaohang.htm
[14] http://detail.zol.com.cn/picture_index_130/index1294504.shtml
[15] http://www.qcdz.cn/InfoHtml/2006-12/2006122511441.shtml
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[17] Bada J Casadevall,F Personal,Service Disciplines Performance for GSM with link Adaptation and Heterogeneous Traffic.The IEEE international Symposium on,2002:23
[18] http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/22259504.html?fr=qrl3
[19] http://www.pcauto.com.cn/qcyp/fornews/0706/446514.html
[20] 陈俊勇,中国国家高精度 GPS 大地控网的建成,测绘通报,2002,8:1
[21] 陈玉刚.车载 GPS 导航系统中的关键技术研究:[硕士学位论文],武昌:华中科技大学,2004
[22] 袁安存.全球定位系统(GPS)原理与应用.大连海事大学出版社,1999:85
[23] 黄宇 GSM 网络通信在车载 GPS 定位管理系统中的应用.中国数据通信第 2001,11:30~33
[24] Daniel Ronan,Thomas Routhier,Joseph Ryan.Electronic Navigation On the Coast Guard's Medium Endurance Cutters.Navigation,2000,1:51~64
[25] 李振龙.GPS/电子地图车辆导航系统研究:[硕士学位论文],太原:华北工学院,2001,5
[26] 刘磊.GPS 车辆监控与调度系统研究:[硕士学位论文],山东科技大学,2004,12
[27] 倪建军等.利用 GSM 短消息业务实现 GPS 车辆监控.电子技术应用.2000 ,7,45
[28] 徐爱钧,彭秀华.单片机高级语言环境编程与应用.北京:电子工业出版社.2001,12~25
[29] 向怀坤.GPS/GIS/GSM 车辆监控调度系统的数据通信、转换与显示,交通与计算机 2001:20~23
[30] 鄙天金.GPS 卫星导航仪,大连:大连海事大学出版社,1999,12:45
[31] 方群,袁建平,郑详.西安,西北工业大学出版社,1998,2:52
[32] 任茂东,刘迈.GPS 用户指南,大连:大连海事大学出版社,1999,12:24
[33] 柴旭东.基于移动电话和 GPS 的车辆监控调度系统的研制,交通与计算机,2002,3:11
[34] 彭宁昆等.基于 GSM 短消息的 GPS 车辆监控移动单元设计.电子工程师.2002 ,2:12
[35] 徐趁肖,陈军,朱衡君,等.基于 GPS 的车辆导航监控系统研究,交通与计算机,2001,5:45
[36] 王新龙.利用 GPS 进行车辆动态定位的自适应模型研究,控制与决策,2005,20:103
[37] 冯悦,李小民,冯振声.GSM 技术在 GPS 车辆监控系统中的应用,微计算机信息, 1999,15:29
[38] http://www.168jie.com/category.php?id=77
[39] http://www.ieechina.com/go.aspx?type=Tech&id=689
[40] http://www.nmea.org/pub/0183/
[41] 兰洋,郑高群. 利用OEM模板设计基于 89C52 的GPS同步时钟,现代电子技术,2001,07:5
[42] 王向远. GSM+GPS 车辆监控指挥、调度报警系统,中国公路交通出版社, 2001,7:4
[43] http://www.21ic.com/news/n1643c70.aspx
[44] Qiu Yang,C Azeredo-Leme,L R Alcacer,et al ,TC35i Cellular Engine Hardware Interface Description. Siemens Version ,2000,03:12
[45] 董作民等.MCS-51 单片机与 GPS-OEM 板数据通讯的研究与应用.湖北汽车工业学院学报.2000,3:10
[46] http://www.proteus.com.cn/web/html/08/t-10008.html
[47] 张友德,赵志英,涂时亮.单片微型机,上海,复旦大学出版社,2006,6:19
[48] 汪翔,袁辉.Visual C++实践与提高,中国铁道出版社,2001:45
[49] 沙占友,王彦朋,孟志永.单片机外围电路设计,北京:电子工业出版社,2003,10:89
[2] 沈健. GPS 快速定向仪技术:[工程硕士学位论文],长沙:国防科技大学,2003:10
[3] Huang,Sheng-Chung Tzeng,Wei-Ping Ma,etal.Intelligent solar-powered automobile-ventilation system. Applied Energy,2005,80:141
[4] 张向果.GIS、GPS 在车辆监控系统中的应用和研究:[硕士学位论文],吉林:吉林大学,2004
[5] 徐趁肖,陈军,朱衡君等.基于 GPS 的车辆导航监控系统研究.交通与计算机,2005 ,5:23
[6] 刘波,何云信,景世青.基于 GPS、RFID 的汽车防盗系统设计。大众科技,2005,11:99K.David
[7] 张力.宽带多媒体卫星通信系统的应用与发展.昆明:中国卫星通信广播电视系统应用研讨会资料汇编.2004,5:24
[8] 陈雷,丁晓明,赵惠芳等.GPS/GPRS 车辆监控系统中移动终端的开发.现代电信技术,2004,1:38
[9] 朱晓红,王晓平,程民利.GPS 智能车辆监控系统.技术论坛 2004,2:32~35
[10] 吴少淳.现代自动车辆定位系统的数据处理与传输研究.北京航空航天大学博士论文,2001,86
[11] http: //tech.sina.com.cn/t/2007-10-19/07261802366.shtml
[12] http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/junshi/907797.htm
[13] http://www.ocn.com.cn/reports/2006224GPSdaohang.htm
[14] http://detail.zol.com.cn/picture_index_130/index1294504.shtml
[15] http://www.qcdz.cn/InfoHtml/2006-12/2006122511441.shtml
[16] 吴广华,张杏谷.卫星导航.人民交通出版社,2002,25
[17] Bada J Casadevall,F Personal,Service Disciplines Performance for GSM with link Adaptation and Heterogeneous Traffic.The IEEE international Symposium on,2002:23
[18] http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/22259504.html?fr=qrl3
[19] http://www.pcauto.com.cn/qcyp/fornews/0706/446514.html
[20] 陈俊勇,中国国家高精度 GPS 大地控网的建成,测绘通报,2002,8:1
[21] 陈玉刚.车载 GPS 导航系统中的关键技术研究:[硕士学位论文],武昌:华中科技大学,2004
[22] 袁安存.全球定位系统(GPS)原理与应用.大连海事大学出版社,1999:85
[23] 黄宇 GSM 网络通信在车载 GPS 定位管理系统中的应用.中国数据通信第 2001,11:30~33
[24] Daniel Ronan,Thomas Routhier,Joseph Ryan.Electronic Navigation On the Coast Guard's Medium Endurance Cutters.Navigation,2000,1:51~64
[25] 李振龙.GPS/电子地图车辆导航系统研究:[硕士学位论文],太原:华北工学院,2001,5
[26] 刘磊.GPS 车辆监控与调度系统研究:[硕士学位论文],山东科技大学,2004,12
[27] 倪建军等.利用 GSM 短消息业务实现 GPS 车辆监控.电子技术应用.2000 ,7,45
[28] 徐爱钧,彭秀华.单片机高级语言环境编程与应用.北京:电子工业出版社.2001,12~25
[29] 向怀坤.GPS/GIS/GSM 车辆监控调度系统的数据通信、转换与显示,交通与计算机 2001:20~23
[30] 鄙天金.GPS 卫星导航仪,大连:大连海事大学出版社,1999,12:45
[31] 方群,袁建平,郑详.西安,西北工业大学出版社,1998,2:52
[32] 任茂东,刘迈.GPS 用户指南,大连:大连海事大学出版社,1999,12:24
[33] 柴旭东.基于移动电话和 GPS 的车辆监控调度系统的研制,交通与计算机,2002,3:11
[34] 彭宁昆等.基于 GSM 短消息的 GPS 车辆监控移动单元设计.电子工程师.2002 ,2:12
[35] 徐趁肖,陈军,朱衡君,等.基于 GPS 的车辆导航监控系统研究,交通与计算机,2001,5:45
[36] 王新龙.利用 GPS 进行车辆动态定位的自适应模型研究,控制与决策,2005,20:103
[37] 冯悦,李小民,冯振声.GSM 技术在 GPS 车辆监控系统中的应用,微计算机信息, 1999,15:29
[38] http://www.168jie.com/category.php?id=77
[39] http://www.ieechina.com/go.aspx?type=Tech&id=689
[40] http://www.nmea.org/pub/0183/
[41] 兰洋,郑高群. 利用OEM模板设计基于 89C52 的GPS同步时钟,现代电子技术,2001,07:5
[42] 王向远. GSM+GPS 车辆监控指挥、调度报警系统,中国公路交通出版社, 2001,7:4
[43] http://www.21ic.com/news/n1643c70.aspx
[44] Qiu Yang,C Azeredo-Leme,L R Alcacer,et al ,TC35i Cellular Engine Hardware Interface Description. Siemens Version ,2000,03:12
[45] 董作民等.MCS-51 单片机与 GPS-OEM 板数据通讯的研究与应用.湖北汽车工业学院学报.2000,3:10
[46] http://www.proteus.com.cn/web/html/08/t-10008.html
[47] 张友德,赵志英,涂时亮.单片微型机,上海,复旦大学出版社,2006,6:19
[48] 汪翔,袁辉.Visual C++实践与提高,中国铁道出版社,2001:45
[49] 沙占友,王彦朋,孟志永.单片机外围电路设计,北京:电子工业出版社,2003,10:89