城市道路危险品运输限速与超速报警技术研究
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摘要
随着危险品公路运输需求的增加,危险品公路运输事故与日俱增。事故的发生是多种因素共同作用的结果,其中速度过快往往是导致事故发生的直接原因,另外,车辆频繁加减速导致危险品状态的变化也是事故发生的重要原因。因此,加强对危险品运输车速控制的研究对于减少危险品运输事故的发生具有重要的意义。
本文结合国内外相关领域的研究成果,首先建立了城市道路限速模型,并就该模型如何应用于城市道路危险品运输做了系统分析。首先,结合危险品城市道路运输的实际情况,利用专家咨询法对影响危险品运输安全车速的环境因素进行了指标聚类及指标筛选,确定了评价指标体系;考虑到城市道路的交通状况千差万别,不同道路条件下的运输安全车速亦不相同,因此论文研究了城市不同道路条件下的分段及限速技术,利用专家咨询法/模糊层次分析法,针对建立的指标体系对各种因素对危险品运输车速影响进行了系统评价,确定了不同得分区段的修正系数。然后,在长春市内选择亚泰大街做为主要研究对象,对限速模型进行了应用,确定了各种道路条件下的危险品(LPG)运输限速值;最后,通过GIS二次开发工具MO及编程语言VB在以上研究的基础上开发了车速监控报警系统。
监控报警系统的实现及系统验证结果表明,本文的研究思路是可行的,根据所建立的模型确定的限速值合理,开发出的系统能够准确地监控道路危险品运输车辆运行状态,为城市道路危险品运输监管系统的构建研究工作提供了一种新的方法和思路。
With the increasing demand of hazardous material,Traffic accidents of transportation increasing fast.According to relevant statistics,the average annual growth rate is more than 30 percent. The accident occurred is often the result of multiple factors,but excessive speed is often the direct causes.It leds to collision during transportation and further destruction of chemical containers,besides, especially with drivers not familiar with the road conditions ,it`s the main reason causing car overturned and accident.
Looking at the status quo from home and abroad, the current model is more focused on highways ,different Vehicles,different line Alignment,less on urban road.For the time being,there is no available model for urban road speed limit.With the city's development and the increasing demand for hazardous material, the transportation of which going through Cities is inevitable,for the above,implementation of quantitative research and monitoring is of practical significance.
This paper firstly analyses the current methods of speed limit, pointing out the Related advantages and disadvantages of various methods, introducts and determines the relevant methods on the speed limit application, secondly ,establish a model of urban road speed limit. In view of dangerous goods transport high-risk, given to lowering transportation risk, do full analysis of the impact environment import to the choice of safe speed.In light of relevant standards and research results ,based on indicators System`s establish principle and the use of expert advice, by indicators clustering and selecting, made a evaluation indicator system from the road conditions, traffic conditions,demographic exposure and hazardous material status,and determine the transportation elements comprehensive assessment rank and the correction coefficient by using expert advice and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method . In Changchun,chose the representative main road– Yatai Street, made its practical application and verification on it. By the investigation of speed, the application of urban road speed model, the value of its speed got from the application of the urban road speed model established ealier.On the analysis of actual running speed data,“cut”the road into four different sections,with the standards and evaluation index system,the use of expert advice and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ,make a full assessment of the transport environment for the hazardous material transportation ,and get the different section`s correction coefficient,one step more ,the speed limit.On the basic of the consistency between limit speed and the commen speed, the movement before and after the speed limit,make a simple reasonable analysis. Finally,by the GIS`s development tools MO and programming languages VB,has build the hardware platform and explored speed monitoring system, to achieve the functions of the programming.
The actual results of feasibility study and analysis of Yatai street shows that this research idea is feasible, the establishment of the evaluation system is correct; the monitoring system has good stability and maneuverability.
Given to the disaster of hazardous material transportation accidents consequences, It is in need to strengthen its monitoring and control during transportation. The application of the method this paper provided can be assistant to the quantitative research ,provide the necessary basic information, and to achieve the On-line monitoring during transportation, laid the foundation for the building of early warning system of the hazardous material transportation , can reduce or avoid the transportation accidents, has great practical significance in the contemporary.
本文结合国内外相关领域的研究成果,首先建立了城市道路限速模型,并就该模型如何应用于城市道路危险品运输做了系统分析。首先,结合危险品城市道路运输的实际情况,利用专家咨询法对影响危险品运输安全车速的环境因素进行了指标聚类及指标筛选,确定了评价指标体系;考虑到城市道路的交通状况千差万别,不同道路条件下的运输安全车速亦不相同,因此论文研究了城市不同道路条件下的分段及限速技术,利用专家咨询法/模糊层次分析法,针对建立的指标体系对各种因素对危险品运输车速影响进行了系统评价,确定了不同得分区段的修正系数。然后,在长春市内选择亚泰大街做为主要研究对象,对限速模型进行了应用,确定了各种道路条件下的危险品(LPG)运输限速值;最后,通过GIS二次开发工具MO及编程语言VB在以上研究的基础上开发了车速监控报警系统。
监控报警系统的实现及系统验证结果表明,本文的研究思路是可行的,根据所建立的模型确定的限速值合理,开发出的系统能够准确地监控道路危险品运输车辆运行状态,为城市道路危险品运输监管系统的构建研究工作提供了一种新的方法和思路。
With the increasing demand of hazardous material,Traffic accidents of transportation increasing fast.According to relevant statistics,the average annual growth rate is more than 30 percent. The accident occurred is often the result of multiple factors,but excessive speed is often the direct causes.It leds to collision during transportation and further destruction of chemical containers,besides, especially with drivers not familiar with the road conditions ,it`s the main reason causing car overturned and accident.
Looking at the status quo from home and abroad, the current model is more focused on highways ,different Vehicles,different line Alignment,less on urban road.For the time being,there is no available model for urban road speed limit.With the city's development and the increasing demand for hazardous material, the transportation of which going through Cities is inevitable,for the above,implementation of quantitative research and monitoring is of practical significance.
This paper firstly analyses the current methods of speed limit, pointing out the Related advantages and disadvantages of various methods, introducts and determines the relevant methods on the speed limit application, secondly ,establish a model of urban road speed limit. In view of dangerous goods transport high-risk, given to lowering transportation risk, do full analysis of the impact environment import to the choice of safe speed.In light of relevant standards and research results ,based on indicators System`s establish principle and the use of expert advice, by indicators clustering and selecting, made a evaluation indicator system from the road conditions, traffic conditions,demographic exposure and hazardous material status,and determine the transportation elements comprehensive assessment rank and the correction coefficient by using expert advice and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method . In Changchun,chose the representative main road– Yatai Street, made its practical application and verification on it. By the investigation of speed, the application of urban road speed model, the value of its speed got from the application of the urban road speed model established ealier.On the analysis of actual running speed data,“cut”the road into four different sections,with the standards and evaluation index system,the use of expert advice and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ,make a full assessment of the transport environment for the hazardous material transportation ,and get the different section`s correction coefficient,one step more ,the speed limit.On the basic of the consistency between limit speed and the commen speed, the movement before and after the speed limit,make a simple reasonable analysis. Finally,by the GIS`s development tools MO and programming languages VB,has build the hardware platform and explored speed monitoring system, to achieve the functions of the programming.
The actual results of feasibility study and analysis of Yatai street shows that this research idea is feasible, the establishment of the evaluation system is correct; the monitoring system has good stability and maneuverability.
Given to the disaster of hazardous material transportation accidents consequences, It is in need to strengthen its monitoring and control during transportation. The application of the method this paper provided can be assistant to the quantitative research ,provide the necessary basic information, and to achieve the On-line monitoring during transportation, laid the foundation for the building of early warning system of the hazardous material transportation , can reduce or avoid the transportation accidents, has great practical significance in the contemporary.
引文
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[2] 姜学鹏等.危化品公路运输事故研究现状及其防灾对策.中国公共安全·学术版,9,2006,No.03
[3] Ghada Mahmoud Hamouda. Hazardous Materials Road Accidents.Waterlo University, Doctor thesis. 2004
[4] 任常兴等.危险品道路运输过程风险管理体系探讨.中国安全生产技术,2,2007,Vol.3 No.1
[5] 魏国,杨志峰等.非爆炸品类危险化学品事故统计分析及对策.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),4,2005,第 41 卷 第 2 期
[6] 魏国等.城市危险化学品事故统计分析与对策.环境污染与防治 9,2006,第 28 卷 第 9 期
[7] 刘强.狠抓危险化学品运输安全监管刻不容缓.安全,2005,第 5 期
[8] Bo Huang.Aiding Rout Decision for Hazardous Material Transportation. Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.2000
[9] 魏国等.城市危险化学品事故统计分析与对策.环境污染与防治 9,2006,第 28 卷 第 9 期
[10] 吴宗之等.200 起危险化学品公路运输事故的统计分析及对策研究.中国安全生产科学技术,4,2006,第 2 卷 第 2 期
[11] 郑安文,牛倬民,郭建忠·高速公路道路因素与道路交通安全分析·武汉科技大学学报,2002,25(2)
[12] 戴龙敏等.危险品运输车辆的安全管理亟待加强.道路交通,2000,第7 期
[13] 张锁等.道路交通事故车速分析的探讨.交通标准化·交通与安全,第156 期
[14] 连保康等.危险品的 GPS 运输监控技术现状分析.安全与环境学报,7,2006,第 6 卷增刊
[15] 陈小能.危险货物运输的安全注意事项.工业安全与环保,2005,31(7):57
[16] 杜博英.道路交通事故与车速建模.公路交通科技,12,2002
[17] 姚晓晖,王山,汪彤.危险化学品公路运输事故原因及发生频率研究[J].安全,2005,26(5):37
[18] 王艳华,佟淑娇,陈智宝.危险化学品道路运输系统危险性分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(2):8-12
[19] 刘强,高晖.危险化学品运输安全统一监控平台的探讨与设想[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,1(2):59-64
[20] Watanatada Tet al. The Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model, Description of theHDM -ⅢModel, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1987.
[21] Watanatada Tet al. Vehicle Speeds and Operating Cost, Model for Road Planning and Management.The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1987.)
[22] Leisch J.E. and Leisch J.P.. New concepts in Design Speed Application. In Transportation Research Record 631, TRB, Washington, D.C.,1977.
[23] Fitzpatrick K., Elefteriadou L., Harwood D. W.,Collions J. M., McFadden J., Anderson I. B.,Krammes R.A., Lrzarry N., Parma K.D., BauerK.M., Passetti K.. Speed Prediction for Two-Lane Rural Highways. Federal Highway Adminstation Conctract No.DTFH61-95-C-00084, June 1999.
[24] Abishai Polus, Kay Fitzpatrick, Daniel B.Fambro.“Predicting Operating Speeds on Tangent Sections of Two - Lane Rural Highways,”The 79th Annual Meeting Transportation Research Board Washington DC,January 2000
[25] 贺玉龙,卢仲贤.等高速公路直线段车辆稳定运行速度模型.公路,2002,10,第 10 期
[26] 孙猛,吴宗之等.危险化学品公路运输事故原因分析与对策.中国安全科学学报,2003,13(8):22-24
[27] 蔡少铿.危险化学品运输中的安全问题.中国安全科学学报,2004,14(2):12
[28] 任常兴等.危险品道路运输风险分级法研究,安全与环境学报,2006,8 第六卷 第四期
[29] 刘宇.基于 ArcGIS 的危险品城市运输最优线路选择模型研究.吉林大学学位论文,2007.5
[30] 景天然.公路线形使用质量评价系统.中国公路学报,1991(3)
[31] 贺玉龙,卢仲贤等.高速公路直线段车辆稳定运行速度模型.10,2002,公路,第 10 期
[32] 胡君平等.基于模糊逻辑的汽车速度安全分析.现代计算机,7,2000
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