基于GPS的浮动车系统中数据传输方式相关问题的研究
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摘要
浮动车技术是智能交通系统中典型的应用技术之一,对于一个完善的GPS浮动车交通信息采集系统来说,可靠的数据信息传输技术是进一步改善其系统性能并增加其功能的重要组成部分。如何科学的将影响浮动车数据传输的网络性能指标以及数据采集频度和传输费用等相关因素用于对浮动车数据传输技术的选择,也成为当前的关键问题。
本文主要研究基于GPS的浮动车系统中数据传输方式的相关问题。在涉及的关键技术上,包括全球定位(GPS)技术、交通地理信息系统(GIS-T)技术以及移动检测技术。论文将DT(Drive Test)路测技术引入到GPS浮动车数据传输技术的研究中,并通过Pilot Pioneer软件测试了与GPS浮动车传输技术相关的无线通信网络性能指标(如传输时延、误码率和网络覆盖率)。
对影响数据传输方式选择的因素还包括数据采集频度和传输费用。数据采集频度对交通流参数估计的精确度有影响,而传输费用不仅与数据采集频度有关,还与浮动车的覆盖率有关,所以本文重点对数据采集频度、传输费用和浮动车的覆盖率进行了研究,首先用微观交通仿真软件FlowSim对浮动车的覆盖率等问题进行了仿真分析。其次在研究数据采集频度时,不仅对传输费用进行了分析计算,还结合杭州市环城北路进行的GPS浮动车数据采集试验对交通流参数估计的影响作出了仿真分析。
在前面分析的基础上,论文利用了层次分析法对影响数据传输方式选择的各个因素进行了综合分析和判断,既保证了交通流参数估计的精确性,又兼顾到了经济效益,为基于GPS的浮动车系统中数据传输方式的选择提供了辅助决策依据。
Probe vehicle technology is one of the typical applications in Intelligent Transportation System. For a perfect traffic data collection of GPS based probe vehicle system, reliable data transmission technology is very important, and it can improve ITS' performance. It is also a key problem on how to choose the data transmission method of GPS based probe vehicle system by using major factors: the network performance indexes that affect traffic data transmission, the data sampling frequency and the transmission cost.
Some problems on data transmission method of GPS based probe vehicle system are discussed in this thesis. The key technologies include GPS, GIS-T and probe vehicle technology. The Drive Test technology is used to study on the data transmission technology of GPS based probe vehicle system, and some mobile communication network performance indexes (including transmission delay, error rate and network coverage) are tested by Pilot Pioneer.
Other factors that affect the choice of data transmission method are data sampling frequency and transmission cost. The accuracy of traffic parameter estimation is influenced by the data sampling frequency, and the transmission cost is connected with the data sampling frequency and the probe penetration. So we put emphases on the data sampling frequency, the transmission cost and the probe penetration. The micro traffic simulation software—FlowSim is used to simulate the probe penetration. During the study on the data sampling frequency, transmission cost is analyzed and calculated in detail, and the effect on traffic parameter estimation by data sampling frequency are simulated and analyzed from the relevant data in the test of Huanchengbeilu in Hangzhou.
Under the preceding analyses, we use the analytic hierarchy process to analysis the factors of choosing data transmission method. In this way, not only the accuracy of traffic parameter estimation, but also the economic benefit are guaranteed. It applies an auxiliary decision on the choice of data transmission method in GPS based probe vehicle system.
本文主要研究基于GPS的浮动车系统中数据传输方式的相关问题。在涉及的关键技术上,包括全球定位(GPS)技术、交通地理信息系统(GIS-T)技术以及移动检测技术。论文将DT(Drive Test)路测技术引入到GPS浮动车数据传输技术的研究中,并通过Pilot Pioneer软件测试了与GPS浮动车传输技术相关的无线通信网络性能指标(如传输时延、误码率和网络覆盖率)。
对影响数据传输方式选择的因素还包括数据采集频度和传输费用。数据采集频度对交通流参数估计的精确度有影响,而传输费用不仅与数据采集频度有关,还与浮动车的覆盖率有关,所以本文重点对数据采集频度、传输费用和浮动车的覆盖率进行了研究,首先用微观交通仿真软件FlowSim对浮动车的覆盖率等问题进行了仿真分析。其次在研究数据采集频度时,不仅对传输费用进行了分析计算,还结合杭州市环城北路进行的GPS浮动车数据采集试验对交通流参数估计的影响作出了仿真分析。
在前面分析的基础上,论文利用了层次分析法对影响数据传输方式选择的各个因素进行了综合分析和判断,既保证了交通流参数估计的精确性,又兼顾到了经济效益,为基于GPS的浮动车系统中数据传输方式的选择提供了辅助决策依据。
Probe vehicle technology is one of the typical applications in Intelligent Transportation System. For a perfect traffic data collection of GPS based probe vehicle system, reliable data transmission technology is very important, and it can improve ITS' performance. It is also a key problem on how to choose the data transmission method of GPS based probe vehicle system by using major factors: the network performance indexes that affect traffic data transmission, the data sampling frequency and the transmission cost.
Some problems on data transmission method of GPS based probe vehicle system are discussed in this thesis. The key technologies include GPS, GIS-T and probe vehicle technology. The Drive Test technology is used to study on the data transmission technology of GPS based probe vehicle system, and some mobile communication network performance indexes (including transmission delay, error rate and network coverage) are tested by Pilot Pioneer.
Other factors that affect the choice of data transmission method are data sampling frequency and transmission cost. The accuracy of traffic parameter estimation is influenced by the data sampling frequency, and the transmission cost is connected with the data sampling frequency and the probe penetration. So we put emphases on the data sampling frequency, the transmission cost and the probe penetration. The micro traffic simulation software—FlowSim is used to simulate the probe penetration. During the study on the data sampling frequency, transmission cost is analyzed and calculated in detail, and the effect on traffic parameter estimation by data sampling frequency are simulated and analyzed from the relevant data in the test of Huanchengbeilu in Hangzhou.
Under the preceding analyses, we use the analytic hierarchy process to analysis the factors of choosing data transmission method. In this way, not only the accuracy of traffic parameter estimation, but also the economic benefit are guaranteed. It applies an auxiliary decision on the choice of data transmission method in GPS based probe vehicle system.
引文
[1]Hao Chu etc.Test research on vehicle information wireless communication system.IEEE.2006(6).5
[2]D.E.Boyce,A.M.Kirson,J.L.Schofer.ADVANCE.The Illinois Dynamic Navigation and Route Guidance Demonstration Program.Advanced Technology for Road Transport:IVHS and ATT,Ian Catling(Ed.),Norwood,MA:Artech House,1994.247-270
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[7]李金山.日本智能交通(ITS)研究综述.国外公路.2000.4
[8]雷巧伶,丁汉,熊有伦.公用网应用于GPS车辆定位系统数据传输的分析研究[J].交通与计算机.2001.Vol.101(19):17-20
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[18]吴建平等.杭州市智能交通系统(ITS)规划和示范项目,2006.4-8
[19]http://www.etsi.org
[20]骆键霞译.GSM数字移动通信系统.北京电子工业出版社.1996
[21]3GPP,GPRS system description,phase 2+,3G TS 23.060[Z]
[22]ETSI,General Packet Radio Service Serviced description.1997.5-6
[23]张望池.基于CDMA2000 1X的数据传输系统设计.无线电工程.2007.1-2
[24]张鹏,熊磊,姚冬苹.GSM网络短消息业务的传输时延.移动通信.2001.12
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[26]http://www.dinglicom.com
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[29]TURNER S,HOLDENER D.Probe Vehicle Sample Sizes for Real-time Information:the Houston Experience[C].IEEE.Proceedings of the Vehicle Navigation and Information System Conference.Seattle.IEEE.1995.3-10
[30]FERMAN M A,BLUMENFELD D E,DAI X W.A Simple Analytical Model of a Probe-based Traffic Information SystemiC].IEEE.Intelligent Transportation Systems Proceedings.hanghai.IEEE.2003.263-268
[31]刘大杰,白征东,施一民,沈云中.大地坐标转换与GPS控制网平差计算及软件系统.同济大学出版社.1997.5
[32]刘彦挺.基于长间隔大规模数据的地图匹配技术研究.北京.北京交通大学.2007
[33]Xiaoguo Zhang Qing WANG,Dejun WAN,The Relationship Among Vehicle Positioning Performance,Map Quality,And Sensitivities And Feasibilities Of Map-Matching Algorithms.2003.IEEE.468-473
[34]http://www.zj.chinamobile.com/
[35]http://www.zj.chinaunicom.com/
[36]王莲芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论.北京.中国人民大学出版社.1999
[37]沈源,陈幼平,丘智明,周祖德.一种基于满意度的模糊层次分析评估方法[J].中国机械工程出版社.10(7).769-772
[2]D.E.Boyce,A.M.Kirson,J.L.Schofer.ADVANCE.The Illinois Dynamic Navigation and Route Guidance Demonstration Program.Advanced Technology for Road Transport:IVHS and ATT,Ian Catling(Ed.),Norwood,MA:Artech House,1994.247-270
[3]Piao J,McDonald M.Analysis of Stop&Go Driving Behaviour through a Floating Vehicle Approach.Proc.of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium.2003:9-11.
[4]Van Aerde M,Hellinga Yu B L,et al.Vehicle Probes as Real-Time ATMS Sources of Dynamic O-D and Travel Time Data.St Petersburg.Florida Proceedings of the ATMS Conference.1993.207-230
[5]Xiao Wen Dai,MartinA Ferman,Robert P.Rosser.A Simulation Evaluation of a Real-time Traffic Imformation system using Probe Vehicles.Intelligent Transportation Systems Proceedings.2003.Vol.1:475-480
[6]Barbara M.Masini etc.On the effectiveness of a GPRS based Intelligent Transportation System in a Realistic Scenario.IEEE.2006
[7]李金山.日本智能交通(ITS)研究综述.国外公路.2000.4
[8]雷巧伶,丁汉,熊有伦.公用网应用于GPS车辆定位系统数据传输的分析研究[J].交通与计算机.2001.Vol.101(19):17-20
[9]贺国光.智能交通系统的发展与现状分析.ITS通讯.2001(1).25-26
[10]邱致和,王万义.GPS原理与应用,电子工业出版社,北京,2002.15-16
[11]Ziqi Liao.Real-time taxi dispatching using Global Positioning Systems,Communications of the ACM,Vol.46 NO.5 May.2003
[12]王炜,过秀成等编著,交通工程学.东南大学出版社.南京.2000.9
[13]张静,蔡伯根,吴建平,移动检测技术的研究.北方交通大学学报.2003.3(Vol.27).80-83
[14]杨昊,钟雁,钱大琳,城市交通流路段旅行时间预测模型.北方交通大学学报.2001.2(Vol.25).65-69
[15]朱中,杨兆升.基于卡尔曼滤波理论的实时行程时间预测模型[J].系统工程理论与实践.1999(9).74-78.
[16]初连禹,杨兆升.基于模糊神经网络的实时路段行程时间估计[J].系统工程理论与实践.2000(11).111-116.
[17]杨兆升,朱中.基于BP神经网络的路径行程时间实时预测模型[J].系统工程理论与实践.1999(8).59-64.
[18]吴建平等.杭州市智能交通系统(ITS)规划和示范项目,2006.4-8
[19]http://www.etsi.org
[20]骆键霞译.GSM数字移动通信系统.北京电子工业出版社.1996
[21]3GPP,GPRS system description,phase 2+,3G TS 23.060[Z]
[22]ETSI,General Packet Radio Service Serviced description.1997.5-6
[23]张望池.基于CDMA2000 1X的数据传输系统设计.无线电工程.2007.1-2
[24]张鹏,熊磊,姚冬苹.GSM网络短消息业务的传输时延.移动通信.2001.12
[25]John G.Proakis著,张力军,张宗橙,郑宝玉等译.数字通信(第四版).北京电子工业出版 社,2003.1
[26]http://www.dinglicom.com
[27]Pilot Pioneer用户手册.鼎利通信.2007.5
[28]QUIROGA C A,BULLOCK D.Determination of Sample Size for Travel Time Studies[J].ITE Journal.1998,68(8).92-98
[29]TURNER S,HOLDENER D.Probe Vehicle Sample Sizes for Real-time Information:the Houston Experience[C].IEEE.Proceedings of the Vehicle Navigation and Information System Conference.Seattle.IEEE.1995.3-10
[30]FERMAN M A,BLUMENFELD D E,DAI X W.A Simple Analytical Model of a Probe-based Traffic Information SystemiC].IEEE.Intelligent Transportation Systems Proceedings.hanghai.IEEE.2003.263-268
[31]刘大杰,白征东,施一民,沈云中.大地坐标转换与GPS控制网平差计算及软件系统.同济大学出版社.1997.5
[32]刘彦挺.基于长间隔大规模数据的地图匹配技术研究.北京.北京交通大学.2007
[33]Xiaoguo Zhang Qing WANG,Dejun WAN,The Relationship Among Vehicle Positioning Performance,Map Quality,And Sensitivities And Feasibilities Of Map-Matching Algorithms.2003.IEEE.468-473
[34]http://www.zj.chinamobile.com/
[35]http://www.zj.chinaunicom.com/
[36]王莲芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论.北京.中国人民大学出版社.1999
[37]沈源,陈幼平,丘智明,周祖德.一种基于满意度的模糊层次分析评估方法[J].中国机械工程出版社.10(7).769-772