遗传算法在路面结构动态时域反分析中的应用研究
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摘要
本文针对道路工程中行车荷载是动荷载的客观事实，采用遗传算法对柔性路面结构在FWD荷载作用下的动力问题进行了较为系统的研究。主要内容有：
1、基于层状弹性体系模型，采用Rayleigh阻尼模型对路面结构进行描述。对粘弹性方程采用Wilson法和Newmark法分别进行求解，编制时域动力有限元响应程序，通过算例分析验证正问题程序的正确性；
2、根据系统识别的基本原理，采用遗传算法作为参数调整算法，在时域上进行了反分析，编制了相应的动力反分析程序。文中结合实例，考查了遗传算法的稳定性和收敛性，证明了方法的合理性和有效性。
3、考察遗传算法在多参数优化问题的性能。
Aims at facts that the vehicle of pavements are dynamic,a systemic study on the dynamic problems cause by FWD load of the pavement structure has been done in this paper, the main results are as follows:
1 -, For the flexible road,considering the viscoelastic property of the asphalt layer,and using the Raleigh model ,a layered model is used to calculate the dynamic response in the time domain.The dynamic equation of the viscoelastic soil is derived,the Wilson method and the Newmark method are both used to solve the equation.The results which are verified by comparing with the results in references, show that the methods are right.
2. based o n t he s ystem i dentification p rinciple,the genetics m ethod i s u sed t o adjust the parameters,a displacement depended inverse analysis of the parameters of the pavement structure has been done in the time domain.the validity of the method is verified b y s everal e xamples.Numericalresults s how t he m ethod i s o f good s lability and high accuracy,and reliable to identify the material properties.
3 . The genetics method is reliable to multi-object optimization.
1、基于层状弹性体系模型，采用Rayleigh阻尼模型对路面结构进行描述。对粘弹性方程采用Wilson法和Newmark法分别进行求解，编制时域动力有限元响应程序，通过算例分析验证正问题程序的正确性；
2、根据系统识别的基本原理，采用遗传算法作为参数调整算法，在时域上进行了反分析，编制了相应的动力反分析程序。文中结合实例，考查了遗传算法的稳定性和收敛性，证明了方法的合理性和有效性。
3、考察遗传算法在多参数优化问题的性能。
Aims at facts that the vehicle of pavements are dynamic,a systemic study on the dynamic problems cause by FWD load of the pavement structure has been done in this paper, the main results are as follows:
1 -, For the flexible road,considering the viscoelastic property of the asphalt layer,and using the Raleigh model ,a layered model is used to calculate the dynamic response in the time domain.The dynamic equation of the viscoelastic soil is derived,the Wilson method and the Newmark method are both used to solve the equation.The results which are verified by comparing with the results in references, show that the methods are right.
2. based o n t he s ystem i dentification p rinciple,the genetics m ethod i s u sed t o adjust the parameters,a displacement depended inverse analysis of the parameters of the pavement structure has been done in the time domain.the validity of the method is verified b y s everal e xamples.Numericalresults s how t he m ethod i s o f good s lability and high accuracy,and reliable to identify the material properties.
3 . The genetics method is reliable to multi-object optimization.
引文
[1] 王复明，刘文廷．“八五”国家重点科技攻关项目高等级公路无损检测与CAE技术研究报告，路面结构反分析理论与方法研究．郑州工业大学，1996．
[2] 王复明，刘文廷．高等级公路无损检测与评价-工程力学反问题研究．杨卫，郑泉水，靳征谟主编．走向21世纪的中国力学．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．230-238．
[3] H. Hertz, Uber das Gleichgewicht Schwimmender Elastischer Platten, Ann. Physik Chem., Vol. 22, 1884.
[4] J. Boussinesq, Application des Potential, Paris, 1885.
[5] H. M. S. Westergaard, Stresses in Concrete Pavements Computed by Theoretical Analysis, Proc. HRB, Part 1, 1925.
[6] A.E.H. Love, The stress Produced in a Semi-infinite Solid by Pressure on Part of the Boundary, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, V. 228, p. 377, June, 1929.
[7] A. H. A. Hogg, Equilibrium of a Thin Plate Symmetrically Loded, Resting on an Elastic Subgrade of Infinite Depth, Phil. Mag., Ser. 7, Vol. 25, March, 1938.
[8] D.M. Burmister, The General Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Soil System, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 89-96; No. 3, pp. 126-127; No. 5, pp. 296-302, 1945.
[9] 姚祖康．路面．人民交通出版社，1992年9月．
[10] 王秉纲，邓学钧．路面力学数值计算．人民交通出版社，1992年6月．
[11] 查旭东．基于同伦方法的路面模量反算方法的研究．博士学位论文．长安大学，2001．
[12] 周明，孙树栋．遗传算法原理及应用．北京：国防工业出版社．1999．
[13] Bagley J D. The behavior of Adaptive System which Employ Genetic and Correlation Algorithm. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1967, 28(12).
[14] Holland J H. idaption in Nature and Artificial Systems. MIT Press, 1992.
[15] De Jong K A. An Analysis of the Behavior of a Class of Genetic Adaptive Systems. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, No. 76-9381, 1975.
[16] Davis h D. Handbook of Genetic Algorithms. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991. Goldberg D E. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, 1989.
[17] Newcomb, D.E., Development and Evaluation of Regression Method to Interpret Dynamic Pavement Deflections. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1986.
[18] 张小庆，路面结构的动态响应及其反分析，郑州工业大学硕士论文，1999．
[19] Van Cauwelaert, F. J., et al., Computer Program for the Determination of Stress and Displacement in Four-Layered System, WES, Research Contact Data 45-86-M-0483, U. S., ArmyWESVicksburg, Mar. 1986.
[20] 朱照宏，王秉刚，郭大智，路面力学计算，人民交通出版社，1985．
[21] 王松涛、曹资．现代抗震设计方法．中国建筑工业出版社，1997年6月．
[22] 王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法．清华大学出版社，1997年3月．
[23] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．中国水利水电出版社，1998年10月．
[24] 张汝清，殷学刚，计算结构动力学，重庆大学出版社，1989年
[25] 王旭东，郭大进．落锤式弯沉仪模量反算的可靠性研究．中国公路学报，1999，12(3)．
[26] 王凌．智能优化算法及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社；施普林格出版社．2001．
[27] 玄光南[日]，程润伟．遗传算法与工程设计．北京：科学出版社，2000．
[28] 王兴文．遗传优化设计方法及其在城市深基坑支护工程中的应用．博士学位论文．广西大学．2001．
[29] 刘迎曦，王登刚，李守巨等．识别混凝土重力坝的一种新方法．大连理工大学学报．2000，40(2)，144-147．
[30] 孙建勇，申建中，徐宗本．一类自适应遗传算法．西安交通大学学报．2000，34(10)，84-88．
[31] SRINIVAS M, PATNAIK L M. Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms[J]. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cyber, 1994, 24(4): 656-657.
[32] Fuming Wang, R., L., Lytton, System Identification Method for Backcalculating Pavement Layer Properties, Transportation Reserch Record, 1384.
[33] 王保定，大连理工大学硕士学位论文．2001．
[34] 陈永兵，遗传算法及其在结构工程优化中的应用．西北工业大学硕士学位论文．2001．
[2] 王复明，刘文廷．高等级公路无损检测与评价-工程力学反问题研究．杨卫，郑泉水，靳征谟主编．走向21世纪的中国力学．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．230-238．
[3] H. Hertz, Uber das Gleichgewicht Schwimmender Elastischer Platten, Ann. Physik Chem., Vol. 22, 1884.
[4] J. Boussinesq, Application des Potential, Paris, 1885.
[5] H. M. S. Westergaard, Stresses in Concrete Pavements Computed by Theoretical Analysis, Proc. HRB, Part 1, 1925.
[6] A.E.H. Love, The stress Produced in a Semi-infinite Solid by Pressure on Part of the Boundary, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, V. 228, p. 377, June, 1929.
[7] A. H. A. Hogg, Equilibrium of a Thin Plate Symmetrically Loded, Resting on an Elastic Subgrade of Infinite Depth, Phil. Mag., Ser. 7, Vol. 25, March, 1938.
[8] D.M. Burmister, The General Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Soil System, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 89-96; No. 3, pp. 126-127; No. 5, pp. 296-302, 1945.
[9] 姚祖康．路面．人民交通出版社，1992年9月．
[10] 王秉纲，邓学钧．路面力学数值计算．人民交通出版社，1992年6月．
[11] 查旭东．基于同伦方法的路面模量反算方法的研究．博士学位论文．长安大学，2001．
[12] 周明，孙树栋．遗传算法原理及应用．北京：国防工业出版社．1999．
[13] Bagley J D. The behavior of Adaptive System which Employ Genetic and Correlation Algorithm. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1967, 28(12).
[14] Holland J H. idaption in Nature and Artificial Systems. MIT Press, 1992.
[15] De Jong K A. An Analysis of the Behavior of a Class of Genetic Adaptive Systems. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, No. 76-9381, 1975.
[16] Davis h D. Handbook of Genetic Algorithms. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991. Goldberg D E. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, 1989.
[17] Newcomb, D.E., Development and Evaluation of Regression Method to Interpret Dynamic Pavement Deflections. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1986.
[18] 张小庆，路面结构的动态响应及其反分析，郑州工业大学硕士论文，1999．
[19] Van Cauwelaert, F. J., et al., Computer Program for the Determination of Stress and Displacement in Four-Layered System, WES, Research Contact Data 45-86-M-0483, U. S., ArmyWESVicksburg, Mar. 1986.
[20] 朱照宏，王秉刚，郭大智，路面力学计算，人民交通出版社，1985．
[21] 王松涛、曹资．现代抗震设计方法．中国建筑工业出版社，1997年6月．
[22] 王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法．清华大学出版社，1997年3月．
[23] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．中国水利水电出版社，1998年10月．
[24] 张汝清，殷学刚，计算结构动力学，重庆大学出版社，1989年
[25] 王旭东，郭大进．落锤式弯沉仪模量反算的可靠性研究．中国公路学报，1999，12(3)．
[26] 王凌．智能优化算法及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社；施普林格出版社．2001．
[27] 玄光南[日]，程润伟．遗传算法与工程设计．北京：科学出版社，2000．
[28] 王兴文．遗传优化设计方法及其在城市深基坑支护工程中的应用．博士学位论文．广西大学．2001．
[29] 刘迎曦，王登刚，李守巨等．识别混凝土重力坝的一种新方法．大连理工大学学报．2000，40(2)，144-147．
[30] 孙建勇，申建中，徐宗本．一类自适应遗传算法．西安交通大学学报．2000，34(10)，84-88．
[31] SRINIVAS M, PATNAIK L M. Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation in genetic algorithms[J]. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cyber, 1994, 24(4): 656-657.
[32] Fuming Wang, R., L., Lytton, System Identification Method for Backcalculating Pavement Layer Properties, Transportation Reserch Record, 1384.
[33] 王保定，大连理工大学硕士学位论文．2001．
[34] 陈永兵，遗传算法及其在结构工程优化中的应用．西北工业大学硕士学位论文．2001．
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